Mai ka nūpepa No. 4 2015
Māhele: Māhele
Teritori o ka ʻāina: 55,3 tausani km2.
Ka heluna kanaka: ʻO 618703 poʻe, ʻoi aku ma mua o 70% he poʻe noho kūlanakauhale.
He kūlana kiʻi: Aia ka ʻāina ma ka ʻākau komohana o ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o ka ʻāina, kahi hapa o ka North-Western Federal District.
Hoʻolaka continental temperate, kokoke i ka moana. Hōʻike ʻia ʻo ia e ka wai nui, ʻoluʻolu, nā pūnāwai lōʻihi, nā kauwela anuanu, mehana, nā hāʻule lōʻihi, a me nā hoʻoilo mālie. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻike ʻia ka ʻāina i ka ʻinoʻino me ka hoʻoheheʻe pinepine ʻana. I ke kauwela, ua pinepine ka ua, no ka manawa pōkole (12-17 lā me ka ua i kēlā me kēia mahina). I ka hāʻule ʻana, ua lanakila ka ʻino me nā noe lōʻihi (12-14 mau lā o ka mahina), ʻo ka ua nui ma ke ʻano o ka ua hoʻolōʻihi ʻia, i Nowemapa i ka manawa pinepine i ke ʻano o ka ua.
ʻO ka awelika o ka ea wela o ka makahiki he +4,9°C. ʻIke ʻia ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe loa i ka wā hoʻoilo-hoʻoilo, a hiki i ka 88% kiʻekiʻe i Nowemapa-Dekemapa. ʻO ka lā awelika o ka hau hope loa i ka pūnāwai ʻo Mei 18, ʻo ka hau mua i ka hāʻule ʻana ʻo Kepakemapa 18. ʻO ka awelika lōʻihi o ka wā hau ʻole he 143 mau lā.
I ka wā ulu (175 mau lā), hāʻule ka 400-430 mm o ka ua (60% o ka maʻamau makahiki). ʻO ke kauwela (ʻo ka manawa me nā mahana ma luna o +10 ° C) he 140 mau lā. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka uhi hau paʻa i ka waena o Kekemapa (ʻo ka lā mua loa ʻo Nowemapa 11) a hoʻomau no 110-120 mau lā.
Kokua. Aia ma ke komohana o ka ʻāina he ʻāina haʻahaʻa ʻo Priilmenskaya, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o 60-70 m ma luna o ka ʻilikai. Aia ma ka hikina ʻo Valdai Upland me nā kiʻekiʻe o kēlā me kēia me ke kiʻekiʻe loa a hiki i 300 m. Ua māhele ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana ʻelua i nā wahi kaʻawale me nā ʻano kōkua liʻiliʻi. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia kēia ma ka ʻāina ʻo Valdai.
Nā lepo. Ua hoʻomalu ʻia ka ʻāina e nā lepo soddy-podzolic, pinepine ʻia i ka wai i nā pae like ʻole. ʻO kā lākou mau hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa ka mānoanoa liʻiliʻi o ka horizon arable, acidity kiʻekiʻe, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o nā meaʻai a me ka haʻahaʻa humus haʻahaʻa.
Wāhi ʻāina ʻoihana: 10,8 tausani eka.
ʻO ka ʻāina ʻo Novgorod kekahi o nā alakaʻi i ka hana ʻuala ma ka Northwestern Federal District. Hoʻoikaika ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kēia wahi e ka lepo maikaʻi loa a me nā kūlana climatic a kokoke i nā mākeke kūʻai nui. Manaʻo ʻia ka ulu ʻana i ka ʻuala ʻo ia ka ʻaoʻao maikaʻi loa i ka ʻoihana ulu. Loaʻa ka loaʻa kālā mai 25 a 45%. He mea maʻamau ka ulu ʻana o ka nui o nā ʻuala kalepa i kēlā me kēia makahiki. E hoʻomanaʻo kākou i ka makahiki 2000, ʻo 160-180 tausani mau tone o ka "berena lua" i ulu ma ka ʻāina Novgorod. I ka makahiki 2015, ua hana nā mea mahiʻai ma ka ʻāina i ʻoi aku ma mua o 368 tausani mau ʻuala, ʻo ia ka 20% ʻoi aku ma mua o nā hopena o ka makahiki i hala (me ka nui o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā hui mahiʻai i hoʻonui ʻia e 87%, ma nā mahiʻai mahiʻai - e 85%). No laila, no kēlā me kēia kama'āina o ka moku Novgorod i kēia makahiki he 595 kg o ka uala, me ka maʻamau he 95 kg.
Ma ka laulā, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hana ʻuala i 1,7 mau manawa i nā makahiki ʻelima i hala.
No ka hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻana i ka mahiʻai a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kūpaʻa kālā o nā mea hana mahiʻai, pono ke kākoʻo aupuni. Hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻano o ia kākoʻo i loko o ka papahana o ka mokuʻāina o ka mokuʻāina ʻo Novgorod "Ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka paʻakikī agro-industrial o ka ʻāina Novgorod no 2014-2020" a me ka papahana pahuhopu ʻoihana "Hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ulu ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i ka logistics ( kūʻai nui a me ka hāʻawi ʻana) i nā kikowaena no ka mālama ʻana, ka hoʻomākaukau mua ʻana a me ke kūʻai ʻana i nā ʻuala, nā mea kanu a me nā huaʻai ma ka ʻāina Novgorod no 2014-2016." Ma ke ʻano o kēia mau papahana, loaʻa nā mea hana mahiʻai ma ka ʻāina i ke kālā no ke kūʻai ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i nā hua ʻuala, no ke kūʻai ʻana i nā lako no ka mālama ʻana, ka hoʻomākaukau mua ʻana a me ke kūʻai ʻana i nā ʻuala, nā mea kanu a me nā huaʻai.
Ke ulu nei ka hua
ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻomohala ʻia ka ulu ʻana me ka ʻole o nā mea hua kiʻekiʻe. ʻElima mau mahiʻai hua ʻuala i hana ʻia ma ia wahi. I kēia mau lā, ke ulu ikaika nei nā ʻoihana. I kēia makahiki, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka wahi ma lalo o nā kanu ʻuala elite e 8% (hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka pae 2014).
Hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻohua ʻia kēia mau mahiʻai ma mua o 8 tausani tons o nā hua ʻuala hoʻohua kiʻekiʻe zoned.
ʻO ka pae aʻe o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hua ʻuala ka hana ʻana i kahi keʻena hana no ka hana ʻana i nā hua ʻuala ma ke kumu ʻole virus.
Kāpena
No ka mālama ʻana, ka hoʻomākaukau mua ʻana a me ke kūʻai ʻana i nā ʻuala, ua kūkulu ʻia ʻekolu mau kikowaena logistic ma ka ʻāina (ʻelua ma Novgorod a hoʻokahi ma nā moku ʻo Borovichi), hiki ke mālama i ka 45 tausani mau ʻuala. Hiki i kēia ke hāʻawi i ka heluna kanaka o ka ʻāina me nā huahana maikaʻi a puni ka makahiki, hoʻolako i nā ʻuala hou i nā hale kūʻai kaulahao a kūʻai aku iā lākou ma waho o ka ʻāina, he hopena maikaʻi ia i ka loaʻa kālā o nā mea hana.
I ka hopena o kēia makahiki, e hoʻokomo ʻia nā hale mālama ʻuala hou me ka nui o ka mālama ʻana o 5,1 tausani tons i ka ʻāina. I ka makahiki 2016, ua hoʻolālā ʻia e kūkulu i ʻelua mau hale mālama ʻuala ma nā moku Soletsky a me Shimsky me ka nui o ka mālama ʻana o 30 tausani tons. No laila, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā mea e pono ai i ka ʻāina e hoʻonui i ka hana ʻuala.
Nā kāuli
ʻEkolu mau kula hoʻonaʻauao ʻoihana mahiʻai lua a me kahi Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources e hana maikaʻi ana ma ka ʻāina Novgorod. Hāʻawi lākou i ka ʻāina me nā limahana kūpono. I kēlā me kēia makahiki, hāʻawi kēia mau kula hoʻonaʻauao i nā diploma ma kahi o 400 mau loea o ka hoʻonaʻauao ʻoihana lua a me 50. - ʻoihana hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā haumāna puka e hoʻomau i kā lākou mau hana ʻoihana i ke alakaʻi ʻana i nā ʻoihana mahiʻai ma ka ʻāina.
ʻO ka māla ʻuala
ʻO nā mahiʻai mahiʻai o Ivan Geletey a me Sergei Yakovlev mai ka moku Borovichi e hōʻike mau ana i nā hopena maikaʻi; Anatoly Lipatov, Denis Pavlyuk, Ivan Pireev mai ka moku Novgorod. ʻO ka hua i loko o lākou a hiki i 500 c/ha. Loaʻa nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka mahi ʻuala i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma nā mahiʻai o Vladimir Kondranin, Arbi Kadyrov mai ka moku Shimsky, a me Nikolai Kolesnikov mai ka moku Soletsky. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka hua i kēia mau ʻoihana ma ka pae o 250-280 c / ha.
Ke hoʻokō ʻia nei nā papahana hou no ka hana ʻana i ka ʻuala ma nā ʻāina i hoʻokomo hou ʻia ma ka ʻāina. Ma ka moku Volotovsky, ua kanu ʻo Novgorod Potato System LLC i 100 mau ʻeka o ka ʻuala i kēia makahiki, ʻo 300 c/ha ka hua. I ka makahiki aʻe, hoʻolālā ka hui e hoʻonui i kāna wahi kanu i 300 mau ʻeka. Ma ka moku Soletsky, ua kanu ʻo Bristol LLC i 460 mau ʻuala o ka ʻuala, ʻo 350 c/ha ka hua. Aia nā hoʻolālā e hoʻonui i ka ʻāina i 1200 mau ʻeka. I ka hiki ʻana i ka mana hoʻolālā, ʻo ka nui o ka hana ʻuala he 163 tausani tons.
Nā Hope
ʻO ka pahuhopu nui o ka ʻāina i ka mahiʻai ʻo ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hoʻolako piha ʻana o nā kamaʻāina me nā huahana meaʻai i hana ʻia ma ka lepo Novgorod. Ma kēia mea, hiki i ka ʻāpana ʻuala ke lilo i kumu hoʻohālike no nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. Ua lawa pono ka ʻāina i ka ʻuala, ʻoiai, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole nā hopena i loaʻa i ka palena o nā hiki.
Loaʻa i ka ʻāina nā manaʻo no nā kahua hoʻopukapuka no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā wahi like ʻole, ua koi ʻia kekahi o lākou e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ʻano hoʻokele waiwai i hana ʻia ma ia wahi. E kōkua ana kēia mau mea a pau i ka ulu hou ʻana i ka hana mahiʻai. I ka makahiki aʻe, hoʻolālā mākou e hana i 400 tausani mau ʻuala a ke hilinaʻi nei he ʻoiaʻiʻo kēia hana a hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia.
Makemake nā mea hoʻoponopono e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke Keʻena ʻOihana a me nā meaʻai o ka Novgorod Region no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā mea.