Mai ka makasina: No. 4 2016
Māhele: Moʻolelo
Ua noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe i ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ʻenehana mahiʻai? ʻO nā mea a pau a mākou e hōʻike nei ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka makasina e like me nā huahana hou e hoʻololi maoli ʻia e nā hiʻohiʻona ʻoi aku ka holomua i loko o kekahi mau makahiki, a laila nalowale loa i ka mōʻaukala.
I kēia lā, loaʻa iā mākou ka manawa e ʻike ai i ke ʻano o nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa o nā mīkini mahiʻai e like me kahi haneli a me ka hapa i hala aku nei, ma ka huli ʻana i nā ʻaoʻao o ka puke e ka mea ʻepekema kaulana kaulana a me ka agronomist ʻo Valerian Vasilievich Chernyaev "Agricultural Implements and Machines. Hoʻolālā, koho a mālama iā lākou." Ua paʻi ʻia ka puke i ka makahiki 1875.
Hōʻike ka puke ma kahi ʻano e pili ana i ke ʻano o nā mīkini a me nā mea hana, nā lula no ka mālama ʻana iā lākou, a me nā kūlana no ke koho ʻana. A inā he ʻokoʻa loa nā mīkini ponoʻī, i hana ʻia me ka lāʻau a me ka hao hao, a laila ua kākau ʻia kekahi mau ʻōlelo aʻo me he mea lā i kākau ʻia i kēia lā (ʻo nā leka kahiko wale nō e hoʻomanaʻo mai ʻaʻole pēlā).
No ka mea mau loa
"E hōʻike mai iaʻu i kāu palau a i kāu kaʻa, a naʻu e haʻi iā ʻoe i ke ʻano o kou haku," wahi a kahi ʻōlelo Kelemānia. ʻEhia pinepine ka hana ʻole o ka mīkini no ka mea ʻaʻole ʻike ka mea nona ka hoʻokomo pono ʻana! ʻEhia pinepine nā mīkini i haki a mae ʻole ma muli o ka hui pono ʻole a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana.
ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e kūʻai i mīkini no ka mea e hana maikaʻi ana ia ma nā mahiʻai ʻē aʻe a i ʻole mai kahi hoalauna. Ke kūʻai ʻana i ka mīkini, pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo mua i nā kūlana kūloko, e like me: nā waiwai o ka lepo, ka maikaʻi o ka berena, ka nui o ka hana a ka mīkini e hana ai, ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe o ka hana, a me ka loaʻa kālā. o ke kumukuai no ka mahiai.
I ke kūʻai ʻana i nā kaʻa, ʻaʻole pono ka mea nona ke kaʻa i ke kūʻai ʻana i nā ʻāpana kaʻa. ʻAʻohe a ʻaʻole hiki ke lilo nā mīkini i hiki ʻole ke haki. Loaʻa nā ʻāpana i ka waihona, pale mau ʻia ka mea nona ka hana.
Lohe pinepine mākou i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana no ka lohi o ka mīkini i kauoha ʻia, no ka laʻana, ua loaʻa kahi mea kanu no ka ʻohi ʻana, a i ʻole ua loaʻa ka mīkini ʻohi no ka ʻohi. Hiki mai kēia i kekahi manawa no ka lohi o ka mea nona kāna kauoha, a ʻo ka hale waihona kaʻa, ʻaʻole makemake e haʻalele i ke kauoha, ua ʻae ʻo ia me ka manaʻolana e hōʻea mai ke kaʻa mai waho i ka manawa.
Nā Kūlana
Huli hua
No ka mālama ʻana i ka mea kanu, pono ʻoe: kahi keikikāne a kaikamahine paha e alakaʻi ana i nā lio, kahi mea hana nāna e hoʻomalu i ka ʻaoʻao mua, a me kahi mea hana lua nāna e nānā i ka hana o ka mīkini, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka holomua o ka mea kanu, ke kahe o ka palaoa, a nā kola.
Mea kanu uala na James Cultas
He pahu ia ma nā huila holo ʻelua, me ka mīkini ma hope no ka hoʻolei ʻana i ka ʻuala i nā ʻauwaha.
ʻEli ʻuala ʻo Kohlman lāua ʻo Morton
Aia i loko o ka pahu hao ikaika me ʻelua huila ma mua a me ʻelua lima ma hope. Hoʻopili ʻia kahi puʻu i ke kiʻi ma hope o nā huila. Aia ma ke kua o ka puu, hookahi huila anawaena nui, i ka lihi o na manamana hao e hookui ana, e hana ana i kahi kihi oi loa me ka lihi o ka rim.
I ka wā o ka hana ʻana, piʻi nā huila mua, a laila ua hele ka mīkini i ka hohonu i ka hohonu i koi ʻia, hāpai a hoʻohuli i ka lepo a me nā ʻuala ʻuala ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua me kahi puʻu, a laila ʻo nā lua e like me ka lawe ʻana iā lākou i loko o lākou iho; Hoʻohuli ʻia nā ʻuala i waho me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka huila kaʻa.
Chambers system fertilizer spread machine
Aia i loko o kahi pahu kahi i ninini ʻia ai ka mineral fertilizer. Aia ma ka lalo o ka pahu he pahu hoʻoneʻe e hoʻoluliluli i ka mea momona. Mai kēia ʻāpana, hopu ʻia ka mea momona e ka mea hoʻokuke. Komo ka mea hoʻomomona i ka papa pālahalaha a laila hohola ʻia ma ke kula.
ʻO Howard's Scooter
Hōʻike ʻia nā pōmaikaʻi o kēia ʻōnaehana ma ka helu liʻiliʻi o nā kauā a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi scooter, e lawelawe ana i ka lawe ʻana i nā mea pono o ka palau mahu mai ke kula a i ka ʻāina.
ʻO kekahi mau huaʻōlelo e pili ana i ka huahana hana
Aia i loko o ka puke nā ʻikepili kikoʻī kikoʻī kikoʻī, a ma waena o nā laina e maʻalahi ke heluhelu e pili ana i nā kūlana i noho ai ka hapa nui o ka poʻe mahiʻai ʻo Rūsia a me ke kumu kūʻai i loaʻa ai ka ʻohi.
Hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ke kula
Me ka palau lio hoʻokahi, me ka mea hana hoʻokahi, me ka hohonu o ka lua o 2 ½ - 3 a me ka laula o 4-5 vershok (10-12 furrows no ka anana), hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokiʻekiʻe mai ka 1/3 a i ka 2/5 o kahi. dessiatine.
ʻO ka palau lio ʻelua, me ka mea hana hoʻokahi, me ka hohonu o ka ʻauwaha he 6-7 iniha (7-8 mau anana i kēlā me kēia anana) ma ka lepo: kaumaha - mai 2/5 a ½ dessiatine; waena a me ka māmā - mai ½ a 2/5.
ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hana o ka palau a me ka dia roe ma mua o ka palau lio hoʻokahi.
Hiki i ka mea mahi mahu ke oopalua i ka oopalau. Akā, pono ʻoe: ʻelua mau mea hoʻokele a me ʻelua mau mea kūʻai aku, kahi palau a me ʻelua mau mea kōkua, ʻelua mau limahana no ka lawe ʻana i ka wai a ʻelua no ka hoʻolako ʻana i ka wahie, ʻelua no ka hoʻonohonoho hou ʻana i nā poloka kākoʻo; mai ka pono 10 a 14 mau kauā. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wahie ma kahi o 20 paona lanahu no ka hapaʻumi.
Laha ana i ka fertilizer
Hiki i ka mea hana ke hoʻopuehu i ka manure popopo loa mai 15 a 20 mau kaʻa puka makani, ʻaʻole i pala loa (mauʻu) manure - mai 12 a 14 mau kaʻa, a me ka manure hou - a hiki i 10 mau kaʻa. Hiki i hoʻokahi mea hana ke hoʻolaha i ka fertilizer mineral mai 7 ½ a 8 hapaha. Me ka mīkini puka makani mahu, me 6 paona laula, hookahi kanaka hana a me hookahi keiki, 3 ½ a 4 dessiatines ua helelei.
Hoʻopili
Hiki i kekahi wahine ke kanu ma kahi o ka ¼ o ka dessiatine me ka ʻuala (ma lalo o ka palau), ma kahi o 1/8 o ka dessiatine (300 square fathoms) me nā hua beet, a ma kahi o 230 square meters me nā kumulāʻau kāpeti. anana.
ʻeli ʻana
ʻO ka ʻeli ʻana i ka ʻuala ma kahi dessiatine e pono ai mai 40 a 45 mau kānaka; no ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā beets (ʻeli ʻana, ʻokiʻoki a wāwahi) - mai 30 a 35 mau kānaka.
Hoʻokahi wahine, ma hope o ka ʻeli ʻana i ka ʻuala me ka palau a i ʻole nā mea hana ʻē aʻe, hiki ke koho i ka ʻuala liʻiliʻi, me ka ʻohi maikaʻi - mai 3 a 4 mau ʻāpana, me ka ʻohi awelika - mai 2 a 3, me ka ʻohi maikaʻi ʻole - mai ka 1 ½. i 2 hapaha.
Me ka ʻeli ʻuala, me nā lio ʻelua, hoʻokahi mea hana, 12-15 wahine, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻeli i nā ʻuala ma 2/3-1 dessiatine; he mea eli uala o ka mea paakiki, me hookahi kanaka hana, he keikikane, like ka nui o na wahine me 4 lio, ma 1-1 ½ dessiatinas.
Manaʻo wau pehea e loiloi ai kā mākou poʻe mamo i nā hoʻokō o ka ʻenehana mahiʻai hou ma hope o hoʻokahi haneli a me ka hapa?
Makemake nā mea hoʻoponopono e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻenekini nui o ka Hui Agrotrade, ʻo Sergei Ariskin, no ka manawa kūpono e hoʻopā i ka mōʻaukala a kōkua i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā mea.