Mai ka makahiki 1991 (ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka USSR), ua loaʻa ʻo Kina i ka wahi mua ma ka honua ma ke ʻano o ka lūlū ʻana a me ka hana ʻuala. I ka makahiki 2012, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kahi moʻolelo 5,14 miliona mau ʻeka no ka mahi ʻana, mai ia manawa ua emi iki ka wahi. Mai ka makahiki 2020, noho ka ʻuala ma kahi o 4,6 miliona mau ʻeka (27% o ka honua i mahi ʻia ma lalo o nā mea kanu), ʻoi aku ka hua ma mua o 90 miliona tons (24% o ka hana honua).
ʻEhā mau wahi hana ʻuala nui ma ka ʻāina.
Wahi Monoculture Akau (noho i 50% o ka nui o ka wahi mahi uala). Aia ia i nā panalāʻau o Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning a me ka Autonomous Region o Inner Mongolia. ʻO kēia kahi e hana ʻia ai ka hapa nui o nā hua ʻuala. Lawe ʻia ka pae ʻāina i ka hopena o ʻApelila - i ka hoʻomaka o Mei, ʻo ka ʻohi ʻana mai Kepakemapa a ʻOkakopa.
Wahi komohana hema o nā mea kanu hui (35% o ka ʻāpana ʻuala a pau). Aia nā panalāʻau o Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, ʻāpana o nā panalāʻau o Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing municipality, Tibet. Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā ʻuala i hana ʻia ma kēia wahi no ka ʻai hou. Lawe ʻia ke kanu ʻana mai Kepakemapa a Nowemapa, ʻohi - mai Pepeluali a ʻApelila.
ʻĀpana waena o ka pae ʻelua (10% o ka nui o na wahi mahi uala). Aia nā panalāʻau o Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Shandong a me Henan. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hua ʻai no ka ʻai hou a lawe ʻia aku. Lawe ʻia ke kanu ʻana i ka puna mai Pepeluali a Malaki, ʻohi - mai Mei a Iune. Ua kanu ʻia ka ʻuala i Iulai-ʻAukake a ʻohi ʻia i ʻOkakopa-Nowemapa.
Wahi kanu hooilo (5% o ka huina nui). Aia nā panalāʻau o Guangdong, Fujian, Guangxi a me Hainan. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻuala i hana ʻia ma kēia ʻāina no ka hoʻohana hou ʻana a no ka lawe ʻana aku. Lawe ʻia ke kanu ʻana i ʻOkakopa - Nowemapa, ʻohi - i Pepeluali - Malaki.
ʻO nā panalāʻau o Sichuan, Gansu, Guizhou, Yunnan a me ke kaona ʻo Inner Mongolia nā alakaʻi i ka hana ʻuala ma Kina, e helu ana ma kahi o 60% o ka huahana.
Nā hopena o ka makahiki 2022/23
ʻO ka nui o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻuala hou no ka manawa 2022/23 (Sepatemaba a ʻAukake) ma kahi o 93 miliona tons, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka hopena o ka makahiki i hala (95 miliona tons). ʻO ke kumu o ka hāʻuleʻana o ka hōʻiliʻiliʻana,ʻo ia ka emiʻana o nā wahi i lūlūʻia ma ka'āpana ulu'ākau, ua hāʻawi mua kekahi poʻe mahiʻai i ka soybeans, no ka mea, ua hoʻokomo ka moku'āina i kekahi mau mea e hoʻoulu ai i ka uluʻana o ka uluʻana o kēia mea kanu.
Wahi a nā kumu ʻoihana, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka maikaʻi o nā ʻuala hou i kēia kau ma mua o ka maʻamau. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā pilikia ma muli o ka pilikia o ka wā: i Iune 2022, ua hāʻule ka ua nui ma nā panalāʻau ʻākau, a ma Northeast Kina a me Inner Mongolia, aia nā loli i ke ao a me ka pō i ka wā ulu.
Wahi a ka hōʻike Frozen French Fry Exports Exeed Imports, 2022 (USDA, GAIN)
Nā Hope
Ua wānana ka poʻe ʻepekema ʻo ka piʻi ʻana o ka noi meaʻai o Kina ma mua o 100 miliona tons i kēlā me kēia makahiki (CIP, 2020), akā ʻo ka emi ʻana o ka ʻāina hoʻoulu ʻia e ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o ke kūlanakauhale ʻaʻole kūpono ia i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻai ʻana o Kina (Burney et al., 2010; Gu et. al., 2019), a ua manaʻo ʻia ka ʻuala no 50% o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana meaʻai i nā makahiki he 20 e hiki mai ana (https://cipotato.org/crops/potato/). ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana ʻuala, akā naʻe, ʻo Kina ka mea mua i ka palaoa a me ka ʻaila. Manaʻo ka poʻe ʻepekema e hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻāina hoʻoilo hoʻoilo, e waiho mau ana ma hope o ka ʻohi ʻana i ka laiki ma ka hema o Kina (ma kahi o 16 miliona mau ʻeka). Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma kahi o ka hapahā o kēia ʻāina no ka ʻuala (Qu et al., 2005).
Ma nā hōʻike kūhelu e pili ana i nā manaʻo no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hana ʻuala ma Kina, ua ʻike ʻia ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu i nā makahiki ʻewalu e hiki mai ana e piʻi mālie: nā wahi a me nā hua e ulu ma ka awelika o 0,5 a me 1,3% i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
manaʻo hoʻopuka
Kauka Hu Bai Geng, Luna Nui o Xisen Potato Indastrial Group Company Limited
- ʻO ka ʻāpana ʻākau o Heilongjiang a me ka ʻaoʻao hikina o nā wahi o Inner Mongolia i ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ka mea kūpono loa no ka ulu ʻana i ka ʻuala. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia mau wahi e nā ʻāina momona a me nā kūlana climatic maikaʻi loa.
Hoʻoulu ʻia ka ʻuala me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe. ʻO kā lākou papa inoa ka mea maʻamau i ka kulina, ka palaoa, ke kāpeti Kina, nā aniani ʻōmaʻomaʻo, etc.
ʻO ka late blight, ʻeleʻele wāwae, verticillium wilt, bacterial wilt, etc., ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia nā maʻi ʻuala weliweli loa ma Kina.
Hoʻohana ka poʻe mahiʻai i nā mea hana liʻiliʻi i hana ʻia e Kina i kā lākou hana. ʻOi aku ma mua o 30% o nā mea hana mahiʻai he mau mea kanu, 25% ʻohi ʻuala me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea ʻohi; hoʻohana nā hui ʻuala nui i ka ʻenehana i ka wā ulu, no ke kanu ʻana, mālama a ʻohi.
Kūʻai ka hapa nui o ka poʻe mahiʻai i kā lākou huahana ma o nā hui waena, a kūʻai pū kekahi poʻe mahiʻai i ka ʻuala ma nā mākeke kūloko. ʻAʻole hāʻawi pololei ka poʻe mahiʻai i ka ʻuala i nā hale kūʻai kūʻai nui, a ʻo kahi hapa liʻiliʻi wale nō o ka uala i mākaukau kūikawā no ke kūʻai aku.
Hoʻomoe ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ka hana ma hope o ka ʻohi ʻana. Ma Kina, ua lawa nā keʻena mālama i kēia manawa i lako me nā mea ventila a me nā pahu hau.
ʻO Xisen Potato Industry Co. Ltd. He ʻoihana mahiʻai ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i ka hānai ʻana i ka ʻuala, ka hana ʻana i nā mea kanu (me nā mini-tubers), ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i nā huahana meaʻai mai ka ʻuala. Aia ke keʻena nui o ka hui ma Laoling City, Shandong Province.
Ke ulu nei ka hui i ka ʻuala hua ma Inner Mongolia a me Northern Hebei ma kahi o 26 ʻeka. Hoʻopuka i kēlā me kēia makahiki he 667 ha o nā hua ʻaʻohe huakino.
Ua ulu ka nui o ka uala ma ka irrigation; aia ka ʻoihana ma kahi o 800 sets o nā ʻōnaehana irrigation circular i kona hoʻolilo. No ka mālama ʻana i nā huahana, hoʻohana ʻia nā hale mālama ʻuala hou me ka nui o 450 tons. Hoʻopuka ka hui i kēlā me kēia makahiki he 000 tausani tons o ka ʻuala.