Ke ulu nei ka ʻuala ma Tajikistan, kahi ma kahi o 90% o ka ʻāina i noho ʻia e nā mauna, pili pū me kekahi mau pilikia. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻololi nā mea mahiʻai i ke aniau a me ka ʻāina ma o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ʻano hana o ko lākou mau kūpuna a me nā ʻenehana holomua. ʻO ka hopena, ke ulu mau nei ka sub-sector, a ua hoʻokō ʻia kona kūleʻa e nā kulekele mahiʻai kūpono o nā mana.
No nā manawa hou
I kēia lā, mahi ʻia ka ʻuala ma nā wahi āpau o ka Repubalika o Tajikistan, e noho ana i nā wahi liʻiliʻi loa ma nā mahiʻai pākahi: mai 0,1 a 0,5 mau ʻeka. Me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka moʻomeheu meaʻai o ka heluna kanaka, ua hoʻomaka pono kēia hua ʻai i kapa ʻia ʻo ka lua o ka berena. A i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua lilo ka ulu ʻuala i kekahi o nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā mea kanu.
"Mai ka makahiki 2018, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o nā huaʻai," wahi a ke poʻo o ke keʻena o nā genetics a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana o nā mea kanu ma ka Institute of Botany, Physiology and Plant Genetics o ka National Academy of Science of Tajikistan, Kauka o ka ʻepekema ʻepekema. ʻepekema, Kumu RAE Kurbonali Partoev. - Akā ʻo ka ulu ʻana ma muli o ka hoʻonui ʻana o kahi kanu. ʻAʻole maikaʻi ke ʻano nui o ka mahiʻai ʻana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma nā piʻi wela a me ka nele o ka ʻāina irrigated. No laila, e ʻimi nā kānaka ʻepekema a me nā mahiʻai i nā manawa hou no ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka mahiʻai i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
ʻO ka awelika o nā mea kanu i nā makahiki ʻeono i hala iho nei ua ʻokoʻa ma waena o 21,8-22,3 t / ha, a ua hoʻonui ʻia ka wahi ma lalo o 41 tausani a 57 tausani ʻeka. I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ma mua o 6% o nā ʻāina irrigated a pau ma Tajikistan e noho ʻia e ka ʻuala. I kēlā me kēia makahiki, hoʻopuka ka ʻāina ma waena o 1-1,1 miliona tons o nā huahana, a ma kahi o 130 tausani tons he mea kanu.
"ʻO ka hapa o ka ʻuala meaʻai he 15-18 tausani tons i kēlā me kēia makahiki," wahi a ka Hope Luna Nui o Bokhtar Sozanda LLC, ka ʻelele o ka Agribusiness Association no ka ʻāina ʻo Khatlon, ka moho o ka ʻepekema mahiʻai. ʻepekema Safarali Oripov. - I kēia manawa, ke hana nei mākou i ka deficit ma o nā lako maʻamau mai nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, no ka laʻana, Pakistan, Russia, Belarus. Akā, pono e hoʻomohala i kā mākou hana ponoʻī i mea e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai i ka palekana meaʻai o ko mākou repubalika.
ʻO kēia kikoʻī
Ma muli o nā kūlana o nā ʻāina, ulu ʻia nā ʻano mea kanu o nā wā oʻo like ʻole. No ka laʻana, ma ka ʻāina ʻo Khatlon - nā ʻuala mua, ma ke awāwa ʻo Gissar a me Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region - ma waena o ke kakahiaka, ma ka ʻāina ʻo Tajikabad - hope.
"Ma waena o nā ʻano kaulana loa ʻo Picasso, Tajikistan, Big Rose, Red Scarlett, Gala, Cosmos," wahi a Safarali Oripov. - Ke koi like nei ka poʻe mahiʻai i nā ʻano koho Dutch a me Kelemania a me nā mea i hānai ʻia e kā mākou ʻepekema e pili ana i nā mea ʻē aʻe. A me nā ʻano like ʻole i hana ʻia me ka hui pū ʻana me nā mea hānai o ka International Potato Center mai Peru.
"Ke ulu nei au i nā hua ʻuala o nā ʻano Rasht, Tajikistan, Faizabad ma ka ʻāina ʻo Rasht o ka repubalika no ʻeono makahiki," wahi a ke poʻo o ka mahiʻai. Dzhumabek Abdulloev. - ʻO ka nui o ka ʻāina i mahi ʻia he ʻeono mau ʻeka, a he ʻelima mau ʻano ʻano kulina a ʻekolu mau ʻano pi i ka hana ʻana. I ka mahi ʻana i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi, koho pinepine ka poʻe mahiʻai i nā mea kanu leguminous e hoʻonui ai i ka lepo me ka nitrogen e hōʻoia i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka hua.
Ma nā ʻāpana me kahi anuanu, me ke awāwa ʻo Rasht, ka ʻāina ʻo Shahristan a me Kukhistoni Mastchokh (Mountain Mastcha), ʻike ʻia nā hua kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka poʻe mahiʻai kiʻekiʻe e hana ana ma kēia mau wahi e hōʻiliʻili i ka 45-50 tons o nā ʻuala mai kēlā me kēia ʻeka.
"He mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua ulu au i ka ʻuala ma ka ʻāina ʻo Vanj o ka repubalika ma kahi o ʻehā mau ʻeka," i hoʻomanaʻo ai ka mea mahiʻai mua, ke poʻo o nā papahana hoʻomohala ma ka Aga Khan Foundation. Imatbek Nikhmonov. - Ma kaʻu mahiʻai, ua hāʻawi ʻia ka makemake i nā ʻano ʻano Tajik, Russian, European, Pakistani, a ʻo ka awelika o nā hua kanu mai 35 a 40 tons no ka ʻeka.
"ʻO nā ʻuala mua, loaʻa iā mākou ma ka hema o ka ʻāina," wehewehe Safarali Oripov, - kanu ʻia i Dekemaba a ʻohi ʻia i Mei. I ʻAukake, kanu hou ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kanu i ulu mua ʻia i loko o nā greenhouses. ʻO kēia ka mea hiki ke ʻeli i ka ʻuala ma mua o ka hau mua. Akā ma nā puʻu a me nā ʻāina mauna, ʻohi nā mea hana i hoʻokahi hua o nā ʻuala
Ke ulu ikaika nei ka ʻoihana ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma Tajikistan, me ke komo pololei ʻana o nā mea kanu ʻuala. ʻO ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni kūikawā kahi e uhi ai lākou i kā lākou mau māla e hiki ai iā lākou ke pale i nā mea kanu mai ka hau kakahiaka nui a me ka ua nui o ka puna. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, mālama nā mea hana i nā mea kanu ma lalo o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni a hiki i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, no laila e hoʻomaka ka ʻeli ʻana o nā ʻuala i 10-12 mau lā ma mua.
ʻO nā hoki, nā bipi, nā ʻauwai
Ma ka ʻoihana mahiʻai o nā ʻāina ʻo Central Asia, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻāpana o ka hana lima. A ʻo ke kumu ʻaʻole ʻo ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe o nā mīkini a me nā ʻāpana.
"Ua hoʻolako piha ʻia nā mahiʻai he nui i ka repubalika me nā ʻano mea hana āpau mai nā mea hana alakaʻi," i hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai ʻo ia. Safarali Oripov. - Mahalo i ke kākoʻo o ka mokuʻāina, hana maikaʻi loa ka ʻōnaehana hoʻolimalima mahiʻai. I ke kanu ʻana, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mīkini hana ʻEulopa, a me nā mea i hana ʻia e Rūsia i ka wā e ʻohi ai. Ma nā mauna, kahi i mahi ʻia ai nā wahi liʻiliʻi a kahi i hiki ʻole ai i nā mea hana maʻamau, mālama ka mīkini liʻiliʻi i ka lā. Akā, kanu pinepine ʻia ka mea kanu a ʻeli ʻia e ka lima, a mālama ʻia ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka lālani me ke kōkua o nā lio.
"Ke hana nei na mea a pau koe wale no ka palau," i hooiaio ai ka luna mahiai Mulloidi Safarov, - hana mākou me ke kōkua o nā holoholona holoholona: nā hoki, nā bipi a me nā lio. Ma nā wahi mauna ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana i nā mīkini. Akā, palekana kā mākou mau ala no ke kaiapuni a ʻae iā mākou e mālama i ke ʻano puʻupuʻu o ka lepo.
"E like me 100 makahiki aku nei, hoʻomaʻamaʻa nui ka poʻe mahiʻai Tajik i ka hana lima," hoʻohui Dzhumabek Abdulloev. - ʻAʻole paʻakikī ka mahi ʻana i kahi māla liʻiliʻi a hoʻopau manawa. ʻOiai ʻaʻole mākou e hōʻole i nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi hou i kūpono i ko mākou kūlana.
"Ma ka ʻĀina Kūʻokoʻa ʻo Gorno-Badakhshan, hoʻohana mau ʻia nā tractors no ka palau ʻana, ka ʻohi ʻana a me ka mahiʻai ma waena o ka lālani," wehewehe. Imatbek Nikhmonov. - A i ke kanu ʻana a me ka ʻohi ʻana, hoʻohana ʻia nā bipi hana kūikawā, e like me kā mākou mau kūpuna.
Hoʻoulu wale ʻia ka ʻuala ma Tajikistan ma lalo o ka irrigation. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia nā mea hana irrigation hou ma nā mahiʻai. Hana ʻia kēia e nā mea hana nui a waiwai. Ma ke ʻano maʻamau, kahe ka wai i nā kula ma o ka gravity, ma o kahi pūnaewele mua i ʻeli ʻia o nā kahawai - nā auwai. A inā ʻaʻohe kino wai ma kahi kokoke, ʻeli ka poʻe mahiʻai i nā luawai a paʻi i ka wai mai kahi hohonu o 60-80 mika.
ʻepekema a me ka hana
Ma ka repubalika, ke ulu nei nā wahi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia no ke kanu ʻana i nā ʻano mea kanu hou i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ke hana nei i kā lākou hana ʻana, hōʻike nā limahana o ka Institute of Botany, Physiology and Plant Genetics o ka National Academy of Science of Tajikistan i nā hopena maikaʻi. ʻO nā ʻano hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū ʻo Faizabad, Rasht, Tajikistan, Zarina, Ovchi, Shukrona, Nurinisso, Surkhob, AN-1, Muhabbat a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ua hoʻolauna ʻia i ka mākeke.
"Ua ʻae ko mākou aupuni i kahi papa inoa o nā hui hua e hana pū ana me ka poʻe ʻepekema," i ʻōlelo ai Safarali Oripov.– Hoʻoulu ʻia ka super elite a me ka elite ma nā māla o ka Institute, a laila hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā mea i nā māla hua ma nā wahi like ʻole, kahi e hoʻolaha ʻia ai a hiki i ka hana mua.
Hāʻawi nā luna o ka ʻāina i nā mea kanu hua me nā kākoʻo āpau. I kēlā me kēia makahiki, kūʻai ʻia nā hua ʻuala mai ka waihona kālā a hāʻawi ʻia ma o ka Republican Ministry of Agriculture ma waena o nā mahiʻai kūikawā. A i ka hopena wale nō o ke kau, ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, uku lākou i ka ʻaiʻē i ka mokuʻāina me nā huahana, a hoʻohana i ke koena o ka ʻohi no ke kūʻai aku a no kā lākou pono ponoʻī.
"Ma kahi o 90% o nā ʻanoʻano i ulu ʻia ma ka ʻāina mauna o ka repubalika," wahi a Kurbonali Partoev. - Ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 1,8 a ʻekolu kaukani mau mika ma luna o ka ʻilikai, ʻaneʻane ʻaʻole loaʻa nā maʻi a me nā pests e lawe ana i nā maʻi kanu viral. No ka laʻana, hoʻokō ka ʻāina ʻo Kuhistoni Mastchokh i nā kūlana āpau no ka hana ʻana i nā mea hua kiʻekiʻe.
Kūʻai a kūʻai aku paha
ʻO ka pilikia o ka mālama ʻana i nā mea kanu ke koi nui nei i nā piʻi wela, akā ʻike nā mea kanu ʻuala kūloko i kahi ala i waho o ke kūlana me nā kumu liʻiliʻi.
"Ma nā wahi o ka repubalika, kahi i noho ʻia ai nā wahi nui loa e nā mea kanu, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka loaʻa kālā o nā mea hana," wehewehe i ke kūlana Imatbek Nikhmonov. "ʻO ia ka mea hiki iā lākou ke hoʻolilo i ke kālā no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā hale mālama hou, no ka laʻana, ma ka hui ʻana i nā hui mahiʻai." A ma nā wahi mauna e hoʻohana mau ana lākou i nā hale kūʻai o ke kupuna kāne kahiko, hiki ke paʻa i ka nui o 10-15 tons o nā huahana.
"Aia kaʻu hale mālama ʻuala i ka lepo, ma ka hohonu o ʻelua mau mika, a hiki iā ia ke paʻa i ʻewalu mau ʻuala," wahi āna i ʻike ai. Mulloidi Safarov. - ʻAʻole pono kāna hana ʻana i nā hoʻopukapuka nui, a ua hiki ke hana i nā kūlana maikaʻi loa no ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻuala.
"Hoʻopaʻa maikaʻi wau i nā ʻuala i ʻohi ʻia ma ka haʻahaʻa," wahi āna. Dzhumabek Abdulloev. "Me kā mākou mau mea hana, ʻaʻole koi ʻia nā hale kūʻai nui, a ʻaʻohe kumu e hoʻolilo kālā i kā lākou hana ʻana.
Kūʻai nui ʻia ka ʻuala me ke kōkua o nā mea waena. ʻO nā mahiʻai liʻiliʻi a ʻoi aku ka nui, inā makemake ʻia, e kūʻai aku i kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻohi i ka mea kūʻai hope a i ʻole e hāʻawi aku i nā hale kūʻai kūʻai.
"ʻAʻohe manawa o ka poʻe mahiʻai e noho ma ke kahua kūʻai," wahi a Safarali Oripov. “Hele mai nā mea kūʻai aku iā lākou, e lawe i ka ʻuala mai ka māla a kūʻai aku iā lākou ma o kā lākou mau ala ponoʻī no nā mea hou aku. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, nalowale nā mea hana i ka hapa o kā lākou loaʻa, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, hoʻopau lākou i nā pilikia e pili ana i ke kaʻina o ka mālama ʻana i nā huahana.
Hoʻoikaika i ka hana
Me ke kākoʻo o nā mana o Tajikistan, nui nā hana i hana ʻia ma ka repubalika i ka mahiʻai ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO ke kāʻei kānāwai i lawe ʻia ma ka pae kiʻekiʻe e wehewehe pono i kona mau kuhikuhi.
"Ke haʻalele mālie nei mākou i ke kemika ma kāna mau hōʻike a pau," wahi a mākou Safarali Oripov. - ʻO ka hopena, ke ulu nei ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kanu microbiological i ka ʻāina. Ke emi nei ka māhele o nā huahana pale mea kanu kemika i hoʻohana ʻia. Ma ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hopena o nā hopena pōʻino no ka poʻe a me ke ʻano, ke neʻe nei nā mea mahiʻai mai ka tractor a me ka mahi ʻana i nā mokulele. ʻO ka pahuhopu nui o ia kulekele ʻo ia ka loaʻa ʻana o nā huahana mahiʻai e pili ana i ke kaiapuni a palekana.
"I ka ulu ʻana i ka ʻuala, hoʻāʻo wau e hoʻohana mua i nā mea kanu organik," wahi a Mulloidi Safarov. – Hoʻomākaukau wau i ka compost organik kūikawā. A ma waena o nā mea kanu mineral, hoʻohana wale ʻia ka nitroammophoska, a laila i nā mea liʻiliʻi loa.
ʻO kēia ala e hiki ai ke hoʻonui i ka momona o ka lepo a me nā hua hua. I ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mea organik, ʻo ka ʻuala a me nā mea kanu 8-10 mau lā ma mua o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana, hoʻomaikaʻi ko lākou ʻono, ola mālama a me ka transportability..
ʻO nā hana koʻikoʻi maoli nō e hiki mai ana. A pono e hooikaika ka poe mahi uala Tajik e lawe i ka mahele i kahi pae hou.
"Me ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻuala ma kahi o 92 kilokani i kēlā me kēia kanaka, pono ka repubalika e hana i ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi miliona tononi o nā ʻuala i kēlā me kēia makahiki," wahi āna. Kurbonali Partoev, - No laila, i ka wā e hiki mai ana, ua hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻonui i ka wahi ma lalo o ka mahiʻai ʻana i 60 tausani mau ʻeka a hoʻonui i ka hua awelika i 23-25 tons no ka ʻeka. No ka hoʻoponopono i kēia mau pilikia, pono ka poʻe mahiʻai e noʻonoʻo i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā ʻenehana hou a me nā ʻenehana mahiʻai holomua, e launa pū me ka ʻepekema a hana mau i ka maikaʻi o kā lākou huahana.
Irina Berg