O. V. Abashkin,
ʻO Yury A. Masiuk,
O. A. Starovoitova,
Y.P. Boyko,
V.N. Zeyruk,
N.N. Gordienko,
Z. N. Morzhenkova,
D.V. Abrosimov,
ʻO FSBSI All-Russian Research Institute o Potato Economy i kapa ʻia ma hope A.G. Lorkha
MALAMA ANA I KA LAHUI
ʻO Ladybugs (lat. Coccinellidae) kahi ʻohana beetles o ke kauoha Coleoptera e noho kokoke ana ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, koe wale nō nā Antarctica a me nā wahi permafrost. Hoʻomaopopo ākea nā pepeke lawe lima ola i waena o nā poʻe. Ma kahi o 100 mau ʻano o kēia ʻohana e noho nei ma ka panalāʻau o Lūkia.
ʻO ka awelika o ka lōʻihi o ka insect mai 3 a 10 mm. ʻO ke kinona o ke kino he oval a pōʻai paha, convex a hemispherical paha mai luna, pālahalaha mai lalo. Loaʻa i ka Pronotum a me ka elytra kahi convexity like maʻamau. ʻĀlohilohi pinepine nā beetles, me nā specks ma ka elytra.
I ko mākou ʻāina, aia ʻekolu mau ʻano o nā bipi herbivorous (herbivorous), i waena o lākou he mau mea kanu ahulau. Ma ka Hikina Hema, ʻo ka ladybird ʻuala he 28 mau kuhi (Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata Motsch) ke kumu o ka hōʻeha nui ʻana i nā mea kanu o kaʻuala, kukama a me nā mea kanu mea kanu ʻē aʻe. Ma nā wahi hema, ʻo ka alfalfa ladybird (Subcoccinella vigintiquatuorpunctata L.) kahi manawa e hōʻino ai i nā mea kanu alfalfa a me nā kō. I ka Smolensk, Saratov a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe o waena o Rūsia a me ka hema o Lūkia, ʻo ka ladybird wai ʻole (Cynegetis impunctata L.) kahi manawa e hōʻino ai i ka alfalfa, ka clover a me ka clover ʻono.
ʻO nā lālani Lūkini ʻē aʻe o nā ladybugs he predators. Manuahi nā beetles a me nā larvae, luku lākou i nā mea nui e like me nā mea ʻino weliweli e like me nā aphids, nā lele lau, nā mea kolo kaulike, nā mea kolo unahi a me nā ticks.
Hoʻomoe nā ladybirds wahine i mau hua manu ma kahi kokoke i nā kolone aphid a i ʻole ka wahi noho o nā meaola ʻē aʻe i hānai ʻia e lākou, hoʻokahi a i ʻole nā paʻa o 10-15 mau hua pākahi Kūleʻa pinepine lākou me ka hoʻomoe hua manu ʻana o ka beetle potato o Colorado, akā melemele nā hua o ladybirds, ʻaʻole ʻalani, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi. ʻEhā mau makahiki o ka larvae. Hoʻomohala kekahi mau hanauna i ka makahiki. ʻO ka hibernate beetles mākua, e hoʻohana ana i nā hale noho like ʻole, i kekahi manawa e hele i kahi hibernate ma kahi wahi i ka nui o ka lehulehu (kahi hōʻuluʻulu), kahi e hiki ai ke hōʻiliʻili ʻia i nā wā o ka diapuse, mālama ʻia i loko o nā ipu a hiki i ka puna, a hoʻokuʻu ʻia i nā wahi noho o nā mea ʻino.
Maikaʻi loa ʻo Ladybugs ma ke ʻano he bioregulator o ka helu o nā mea pests a hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻōnaehana o ka mālama bioecological. ʻO kekahi mau ʻano, e like me Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Muls. A ʻo Rodolia cardinalis Muls
KA MEA NĀ PALAPALA O NĀ KUMU MAKAHI
LADYBIRD MATA
(Anatis ocellata L.)
Ka lōʻihi o ke kino: 8 a 9 mm. Hoʻopili ʻo Elytral i ka ʻāpana luna me kahi notch i uhi ʻia me nā lauoho lahilahi. Nui ka scutellum, ʻike maka ʻia. ʻO Elytra me 20 mau kiko ʻeleʻele me nā apo uila. I kekahi mau kānaka, hoʻopili pā hapa ʻia nā kiko, a i ʻole i nā helu liʻiliʻi. Hoʻokaʻawale: pālahalaha ma nā ʻāpana ʻEulopa o Lūkia, ma ka Crimea, Siberia a me ka Hikina hikina. ʻAi nui ia i nā aphids.
LADYBIRD LUA-PAIʻIA (Adalia bipunctata L.)
Ka lōʻihi o ke kino: 4 a 5 mm. ʻO Pronotum me ke kukui, melemele pinepine, palena palena, i kekahi manawa me ke ʻano o nā kiko ʻeleʻele. I kekahi mau kānaka, aia kahi kiko M e kau ʻia ma ka pronotum. He lauwili loa ka lauana elytral. ʻEleʻele ke kino ma lalo. Hoʻāhele ʻia i nā wahi āpau, koe wale nō ma ka ʻAkau ʻĀkau.
LADYBIRD CHANGING
(Adonia variegata L.)
Ka lōʻihi o ke kino: 3-6 mm. Loaʻa i nā larvae kahi kino elongated. ʻEleʻele ke kua me nā kiko melemele ʻelua. He ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula amber nā mākua me nā specks ʻano ʻeono. Hoʻomāhele ʻia nā wahine i nā hua melemele huali ma luna o nā mea kanu i nā hui. Hāʻawi ʻo Entomophage i ʻekolu mau hanauna i ka makahiki. ʻAi kekahi kanaka i 20 mau hua o ka nalo potato o Colorado i ka lā, ʻai ikaika i nā aphids kāpeti.
LADYBIRD LIMA POINT
(Coccinella quinquepunctata L.)
Ka lōʻihi o ke kino: 3 a 5 mm. ʻO Elytra me ʻelua mau ʻāpana poepoe ʻeleʻele i kēlā me kēia wahi ma kahi kokoke i ka scutellum. Ākea ka mahele, ma nā ʻāpana o ʻEulopa o Rukia, ka Caucasus, ʻAkia Waena, Siberia a me ka Hikina hikina. ʻAi nui ia i nā aphids.
LADYBIRD SEHEN POINT
(Coccinella septempunctata L.)
ʻO nā lāhui ladybugs kaulana loa. Ka lōʻihi o ke kino: 5 a 8 mm. Keokeo ka elytra ma ka scutellum me ʻeono mau kiko ʻeleʻele a hoʻokahi kahi scutellum maʻamau. Hoʻolaha ʻia i nā wahi āpau. ʻAi nui ia i nā aphids, nā ʻūlū a me nā mākua (nā mākua) ʻai i nā hua a me nā lū o nā ʻōpio ʻōpio o ka nalo potato potato Colorado.
LADYBIRD MANU MAKAHIKI
(Hippodamia tredecimpunctata L.)
Ka lōʻihi o ke kino: 4 a 7 mm. Melemele ʻo Elytra. ʻO ka palena palena o ka pronotum he palena ākea me kahi kiko ʻeleʻele i haʻi ʻia. ʻAʻole i loaʻa i nā wao nahele ʻo ʻAsia waena a me Caucasus. Noho i nā mea kanu kokoke i nā kino wai. ʻAi nui ia i nā aphids.
KUPANAHA LADYBUG
(ʻIthone mirabilis Motsch.)
Ka lōʻihi o ke kino: 4 a 6 mm. Hoʻolaha ʻia ma ka Hikina hikina. ʻAi nui ia i nā aphids. LADYBIRD FAVETEEN (Coccinella quatuorddecimpustulata L.)
Ka lōʻihi o ke kino: 3 a 4 mm. Mālamalama nā pahuila. ʻO Elytra me nā kiko melemele he 14, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka wahi hope a me ka reniform. He ākea ka mahele, ma nā ʻāpana o ʻEulopa o Rūsia, ka Caucasus, Siberia a me ka Hikina hikina. ʻAi nui ia i nā aphids.
LADYBIRD FUTTEEN POINT
(Propylaea quatuordecimpunctata L.)
ʻO kekahi ʻano o ka inoa like, akā ʻokoʻa i nā ʻano morphological. Ka lōʻihi o ke kino: 3 a 5 mm. Hoʻolahalaha nui ʻia mai ka tundra a i ka wahi o ka ululāʻau.
Ma ka lihi mua o ka mesothorax, aia kahi notch triangular. ʻO Elytra me ka humuhumu ʻeleʻele. ʻO ke kumu o ka pronotum a me ka elytra he loli. ʻAi nui ia i nā aphids, hiki ke ʻai i ka thrips. Hiki i kēia ʻano ladybugs ke hoʻohua kūʻokoʻa no ka manawa lōʻihi i nā hale kōmaʻomaʻo. Hoʻomoe nā wahine i nā hua ma nā mea kanu. Hoʻolālā optimum: mahana + 24 ... + 25оC, pili wai i 70-85%. Hoʻolālā ka larvae i 7-8 mau lā. Me ka hōʻino ʻana o nā kūlana o ke kaiapuni, hoʻolohi ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka larvae. Noho nā wahine ma ka awelika 65 mau lā a moe mai 270 a i 360 mau hua i kēia manawa. I ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, hoʻohana ʻia kēia ladybug e kūʻē i nā melona a me nā aphids hale hoʻouluulu i ke kahua o ka entomophage larvae o ka mua a me ka lua o ka instar i ka lakio predator o ka 1: 10. Ua loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi loa me ka hoʻokuʻu pinepine ʻia o nā larvae me kahi manawa o hoʻokahi pule. Loaʻa i nā wahine o ka predator nā māka huli kiʻekiʻe a loaʻa i nā aphids me ka liʻiliʻi o ka puʻunaue ʻana.
ʻO Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o kahi pepeke makua: mai 3 a 4 mm, hiki i ka larvae ke piʻi i 13 mm, uhi ʻia me kahi mea hana waxy e like ai lākou me kā lākou mea pio - mealybugs. Wahi kūlohelohe o ka puʻunaue ʻana: Hikina ʻo Australia.
Ua hoʻolauna ʻia kēia ʻano (hoʻolauna a acclimatized) i nā ʻāina he nui o ka honua, me ka USSR (RF). ʻO nā meaʻai maʻamau: nā hua, nā nymphs a me nā coccids makua, nā pale a me nā mealybugs ma nā mea kanu hoʻonaninani a me nā mea kanu. Hiki i kahi larva cryptolemus ke ʻai / hōʻino mai ka 4 a i ka 7 tausani hua manu, 200-300 lālani a i ʻole 40-60 mau ilo i kēlā me kēia lā. Ma nā mahana ma luna + 33оC, hāʻule nui ka hana o ka cryptolomus, ma nā mahana ma lalo o 9оMe lākou nalowale loa i ka hana (ke kūpono kūpono: + 22 ... + 25оC, pili pili i ka wai 70-80%). Hoʻomoe ka wahine i nā hua manu he 1100. ʻO ke kaʻa holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa, e like me ke ʻano o ka mahana, mau ka 25-72 lā. Noho nā Beetles mai 3 a 7 mau mahina. Hoʻoikaika nui lākou i nā lā kū lā, i nā greenhouse - i ke kukui ʻōlinolino. Ma ka awelika, hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻelua mau kānaka i kēlā me kēia m i loko o ka foci o ka pest o ka cryptolemus2 me ke kaʻina o ʻelua mau pule, me kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka pest, hoʻonui ʻia ka helu hoʻokuʻu e 5-10 mau manawa.
LEIS DIMIDIATA (Leis dimidiata Fabr.)
Ka lōʻihi o ke kino: ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 mm. ʻĀina kūlohelohe o ka hāʻawi ʻana: Hikina Hema Asia. Ua hoʻolauna ʻia ka laha (hoʻolauna a acclimatized) i nā ʻāina he nui o ka honua, me ka USSR (RF). Hoʻomoe ka wahine mai 30 a 40 mau hua i kēlā me kēia lā, ma kahi o 2000 mau hua i ka nui. Hoʻolālā optimum: mahana + 20 ... + 25оC. Nānā pili wahine: 1: 1. Ke hānai ʻana i nā aphids peach ma lalo o nā kūlana o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua, kaukaʻi ʻia i ka mahana, ka lōʻihi o ka ulu ʻana o ka hua manu: 3-5 lā, larvae - 14-22 lā, pupae - 5-8 lā, wā preimaginal - 22-35 lā, noho nā ʻenekua makua nā 4-6 mahina. ʻAi nā beetles a me nā larvae i nā ʻano aphids he nui, e like me nā melon a me nā ipu, a me nā hua manu (Lepidoptera). Hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā larvae Entomophage o ka instars ʻelua a me ka lua i loko o nā kikowaena o nā mea ʻino. Ma ka pepa e kūʻē i nā aphids i ka lakio o 1:40, ma nā pua - 1: 200.
LIMBIFER CYCLONEDA
(Cycloneda limbifer Cassey.)
Ka lōʻihi o ke kino: ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 mm. ʻĀina kūlohelohe o ka hoʻoili ʻana: Ua hoʻolauna ʻia kēia ʻano i nā ʻāina he nui o ka honua, me ka USSR (RF). ʻAi ikaika ia i nā aphids. No ka pale ʻana i nā meaola e pili ana i nā aphids, hoʻolaha ʻia ka cyclone i loko o nā greenhouse, kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻohua kūʻokoʻa. Ma ka pepa momona, ʻai ʻo Cycloneda i nā aphids āpau ma luna ona. I loko o kona ola ʻana, ʻai kekahi larva a hiki i 270, a me kahi nalo makua - ma mua o 1300 mau kānaka melon a i ʻole peach aphid. Hiki i nā lālani cyclone instar mua ke ʻai i kekahi i kekahi (cannibalism). No nā eggplants, kukama a me nā pepa, hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka cyclone i ka lakio ʻaihue mai ka 1: 5 a 1:25. Me ka helu o nā aphids mai 500 a ʻoi aku paha, pono e hoʻonui ʻia ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā lelo cryptolemus e 5-10 mau manawa.
I ka 2018, nā limahana o ka FGBNU VNII KH iā lākou. Ua alakaʻi ʻo A.GLorkha i kahi noiʻi e hoʻopaʻa i ke kuleana o ladybirds i ka palena ʻana i ka helu o ka nalo potato potato, ua mālama ʻia ka nānā ʻana ma nā kahua hoʻokolohua o ke kula.
Nā ʻano ʻUala i ke ʻano o ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā helu beetle: Luna, Vector, Pennant, Irbit, Meteor, Nakra, Rocco, Lyubava, Snow White, Skarb, Nikulinsky, Bora, Luck, Aurora, Belar, Kiwi, Nevsky, Zhukovsky i ke kakahiaka nui, Krasavchik, Gala , Blueness, Ikaika, Lorkh.
ʻAʻole i hiki i ka heluna kānaka o ka nalo potato potato i ʻehā mau helu, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli ka pest i ka hana nui a me ka tuberization o kaʻuala.
Ua kālailai ʻia ka lākiō o ka helu o nā ladybirds a me ka nalo potato ʻo Colorado i nā helu kardinal (Papa 2).
ʻO ka helu nui loa o ka nalo potato potato ʻo Colorado i hoʻopaʻa ʻia mai nā ʻaoʻao hema a hikina o ke kanu ʻuala, a ua kaulana pū ka helu kiʻekiʻe o nā ladybirds ma laila. ʻO ka hapa iki o lākou āpau aia ma ka hapa waena o ka pae ʻana.
ʻO ka mea maikaʻi loa no ka hanauna 1 ʻo kaʻuala potato ʻo Lyubava, Lorkh, Belar a me Snow White. Makemake ʻo Ladybugs i nā ʻano Belar, Golubizna, Kiwi. A ʻo ka hana nui a nā ladybirds i kaulana ma nā ʻano Golubizna, Vector, Kiwi, Belar a me Rocco.
ʻO ka predator equilibrium Dynamic - ka mea pio (SHJ - 1.00) i ʻike ʻia ma ka Aurora, Bera, Vympel, Irbit, Meteor, Nakra, Nevsky, RS, Skarb a me Udacha.
ʻO ka hana haʻahaʻa o nā ladybirds i kaulana i nā ʻano - Lorkh, Gala, Snow White, Luna, Lyubava.
ʻO kekahi o nā hopena i hoʻoholo ʻia e pili ana i nā hopena o ke aʻo ʻana: i mea e hoʻopau loa ai i ka heluna o ka nalo potato potato, e hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā larvae o ladybugs i loko o ke kūlohelohe (hoʻolauna ʻia) i ka hopena o Mei - Iune mua i ka nui o 40-50 mau kānaka no kēlā me kēia laʻalāʻau.
I ka makahiki 2019, ua heleleʻi nui ka helu o nā ladybirds i ka māla potato, ka mea i hoʻomaka i ka puka ʻana mai o ka beetle potato potato me nā helu i ʻoi aku i ka paepae waiwai o ka nui o ka lehulehu, kahi e koi ai i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke kula e kūʻē i ka nalo.