ʻO ke keʻena hoʻokolohua o ka lālā o ka Federal State Budgetary Institution "Rosselkhoztsentr" ma ka Territory Krasnoyarsk ua hoʻokumu i kahi ʻano noiʻi hou - ka ʻike a me ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea ola i hoʻololi ʻia (GMOs) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hopena polymerase chain reaction i ka manawa maoli.
Ma ka ʻāina o ka Russian Federation, ʻo ka noho ʻana o nā GMO i ka meaʻai a me ka ʻai meaʻai e hoʻoponopono ʻia e nā Kūlana ʻenehana o ka Customs Union TR CU 015/2011 "Ma ka palekana o ka palaoa"; no laila, ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻike o nā GMO i ka palaoa. he koi. Eia kekahi, e like me ke kānāwai e pili ana i ka hana hua (Federal Law No. 17.12.1997-FZ i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo Dekemaba 149, 11, e like me ka hoʻololi ʻia ma Iune 2021, XNUMX), ma ka ʻāina o ka Russian Federation ua pāpā ʻia e hoʻohana no ka lūlū ʻana i nā hua. o nā mea kanu i hoʻololi ʻia ka papahana genetic me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hana ʻenekinia. I kēia manawa, ua ʻae ʻia kahi kānāwai hou "Ma ka hana hua" No. 454-FZ (e hoʻomaka ʻia i ka lā 1 Kepakemapa 2023), e like me ia e hoʻāʻo ʻia ai nā mea kanu āpau no ka ʻike GMO.
ʻO ke kino i hoʻololi ʻia he ʻano mea ola nona ka genotype i hoʻololi ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hana ʻenekinia i mea e hāʻawi ai i nā waiwai i makemake ʻia. Ma ka mahiʻai, hoʻohana ʻia ka genetic engineering e hana i nā ʻano mea kanu hou e kū nei i nā kūlana kūlohelohe a me nā mea ʻino, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ulu a me nā ʻano ʻono.
ʻO ke ala maikaʻi loa no ka ʻike ʻana i nā GMO i loko o nā huahana meaʻai a me nā kīʻaha, ʻo ia ke ʻano hana polymerase chain reaction (PCR). He ʻano koʻikoʻi a pololei loa kēia e pili ana i ke kope koho pinepine ʻana i kahi ʻāpana kikoʻī o ka DNA nucleic acid me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā enzymes ma lalo o nā kūlana hana (in vitro). ʻAe ʻo PCR iā ʻoe e ʻike i loko o ka mea i aʻo ʻia i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka ʻike genetic i loko o kahi kaʻina kikoʻī o nā nucleotides DNA o kekahi mea ola i waena o ka nui o nā ʻāpana DNA ʻē aʻe a hoʻonui i nā manawa he nui.
I loko o ka hale hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua o ka lālā o ka Federal State Budgetary Institution "Rosselkhoztsentr" ma ka Territory Krasnoyarsk, hana ʻia ka hana ʻana i ka unuhi ʻana i ka DNA mai nā mea kanu a me ka hana ʻana i ka PCR me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hana hou e kū ana i nā koi o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i kahi keʻena PCR. Hana ʻia ka Amplification (ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā kope he nui o nā ʻāpana chromosomal DNA) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi amplifier ANK-M, i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka papa inoa o nā mea ana o ka ʻōnaehana Arshin FSIS. Aia ka mea hana i kahi thermoblock e mālama ana i ka wela e pono ai no ka hopena a ua hoʻolālā ʻia me ka microcomputer i kūkulu ʻia, a ua lako pū me kahi mea ʻike fluorescence e hoʻopaʻa i ka hōʻailona fluorescent mai ka hui ʻana e hoʻolālā i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka huahana PCR.
Hoʻohana ʻia ka PCR me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kits reagent i loaʻa kahi kiʻekiʻe (ʻoi aku ma mua o 90%) ka maikaʻi o ka hopena PCR, kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ka kikoʻī no ka ʻike ʻana i nā GMO, e hālāwai ana i nā koi honua no nā palena o ka palena o ka ʻike (LOD) a me ka palena o ka helu. (LOQ), loaʻa kahi mana maikaʻi kūloko ( VPK), hiki ke kāpae i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole.
ʻO ka pae mua o ka loiloi e ʻike ai i nā GMO ʻo ia ka GMO screening - kahi haʻawina piha e ʻike ai i ka DNA mea kanu a ʻike i nā mea genetic kikoʻī - kekahi mau kaʻina hoʻoponopono (mea hoʻolaha a me nā mea hoʻopau) a me nā genes. Inā ʻike ʻia kekahi o kēia mau mea, ʻike ʻia nā laina genetically modified o nā ʻano mea kanu kikoʻī.
I loko o ka hale hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua o ka lālā o ka Federal State Budgetary Institution "Rosselkhoztsentr" ma ka Territory Krasnoyarsk, ke hana ʻia nei nā haʻawina e ʻike i nā GMO i ka meaʻai a me ka hānai ʻana i nā kīʻaha a me nā hua mahiʻai. Lawe ʻia ka hana e nā loea i aʻo ʻia ma ke kumuhana "Nā kumu o ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā GMO i nā huahana o ka mea kanu me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka PCR manawa maoli" ma ka Federal State Budgetary Institution "Federal Center for Assessment of the Safety and Quality of Grain and Its. Hana ʻia nā huahana" ma ka ʻāina ʻo Moscow.
No laila, ua lanakila ka poʻe loea hoʻāʻo hoʻokolohua i kahi ala hou, hou a hoʻohiki no ka nānā ʻana i nā mea kanu no ka ʻike GMO. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ua hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻokomo i kēia ʻano hana i ke ʻano o ka ʻae ʻana o nā laboratories hoʻāʻo ma o ka ʻōnaehana Accreditation Russian.