ʻO nā hua kiʻekiʻe kekahi o nā kūlana no ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hua kiʻekiʻe. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia mau hōʻailona maikaʻi: maʻemaʻe (ʻaʻohe haumia o nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe, nā mauʻu, nā lāʻau haki, mauʻu, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), ka ikehu germination, germination, humidity, a me ka ʻole o ka hoʻohaumia ʻana i nā hua e nā mea maʻi a me nā maʻi. I ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia ʻikepili i ka wā mua o ka mahi ʻana i nā mea kanu, hiki i nā mahiʻai ke hoʻohana pono i kā lākou mau kumuwaiwai no ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hua kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻomaka koke ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā hua no ke kau e hiki mai ana ma hope o ka ʻohi ʻana. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻike ʻia ka mākū o nā hua i ka wā e hoʻopiha ai; hiki i nā hua me ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe ke wela iā lākou iho (puhi) i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana, ka ʻōpala, ka pala a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana. Ma hope mai ka hana hou ʻana i nā hua mai nā haumia o nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe, nā nāhelehele, nā ʻōpala i haki, ka mauʻu a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
No ka loiloi i ka maikaʻi o nā hua, hiki i nā mea mahiʻai ke hoʻopili i ka lālā o ka Federal State Budgetary Institution "Rosselkhoztsentr" ma ka Territory Krasnoyarsk. He 18 mau keʻena apana a me waena o ka lālā, i hōʻike ʻia ma 21 mau wahi noho (mau ʻāpana) o ka ʻāina. No nā makahiki he nui, ua loiloi kā mākou poʻe loea i ka maikaʻi o nā mea kanu a hāʻawi i nā kūkākūkā.
ʻO ka uluʻana o nāʻanoʻano a me ka ulu houʻana o ka mea kanu ma ke kula e pili pono ana i ka hoʻohaumiaʻana o nā mea kanu me nā maʻi. Me kahi ʻano infectious mua ikaika, e loaʻa iā mākou nā wana hope, nā mea kanu nāwaliwali i ka wā e ulu ana, nā maʻi mua me nā maʻi nona nā pathogens i ka lewa a me ka ea. Kōkua ka phytoanalysis o nā mea kanu i nā mahiʻai e hoʻokokoke pono i ka mālama ʻana i nā hua a mālama kālā.
Ma ka 09.04.2024/158,32/1132, ua nānā nā loea mai ka lālā o ka Federal State Budgetary Institution "Rosselkhoztsentr" ma ka Teritori Krasnoyarsk i nānā i 2023 tausani mau toni (223 mau ʻāpana) o nā hua o ka palaoa a me nā mea kanu leguminous mai ka ʻohi XNUMX ma XNUMX.
Nā lāʻau kanu huaʻai. Ma muli o ka phytoexpertise, ua hoʻokumu ʻia:
- ʻo ka nui o ka maʻi o ka palaoa, ka bale a me nā hua oats he 1,2 mau manawa haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka makahiki i hala - 20,0, 16,9% a me 16,5%;
- ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka maʻi o nā hua palaoa me ka pala aʻa ma mua o ka paepae hōʻino o 15%. ʻO ka nui o ka maʻi ma luna o nā mea kanu: 8,2% - ka palaoa, 7,1% - bale a me 3,3% - oats, i emi iho ma mua o nā helu o ka makahiki i hala no ka lā like.
- Helminthosporium a me ka fusarium root rots e ʻike ʻia ma ka mea hua, ʻoiai ka infestation o nā hua he 1,4 a me 2,1 mau manawa haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka makahiki i hala;
- Ua loaʻa nā spores smut ma 7% o nā hua palaoa i kālailai ʻia. Hoʻopili ʻia ka mea kanu o nā hua palaoa i ka smut, ʻoi aku ka nāwaliwali;
- Ua haumia loa nā hua palaoa me ka durum smut ma ka hui hikina o nā ʻāina, ka bale ma ka pūʻulu waena a me ka oats ma ke komohana.
Pulses. Ma muli o ka phytoexpertise, ua hoʻokumu ʻia:
- ʻo ka nui o nā maʻi i loko o nā mea kanu o nā mea kanu leguminous he 11,3%, kahi kokoke i ka pae o ka makahiki i hala (11,6%);
- Hoʻopili nui ʻia nā hua me ka ascochyta blight (78% o ka nui i hoʻopaʻa ʻia), me ka prevalence o 3,5%. Hiki i ka ʻōpala Ascochyta, e like me ka fusarium blight, ke kumu i ka pala o nā mea kanu;
- fusarium (ke kumu kumu kumu o ka pala aʻa) ua ʻike ʻia ma 64% o ka nui o ka nui o ka pī, me ka prevalence o 1,1%;
- Ua ʻike ʻia ka blight Alternaria i ka 71% o ka nui o nā hua i nānā ʻia, ʻo ka pākēneka paona o ka infestation he 2,6%;
- ua hoʻopili ʻia nā haʻiki poʻo i ka 48% o ka nui o nā hua i aʻo ʻia me ka prevalence o 1,5%;
- ua ʻike ʻia ka maʻi bacterial ma 48% o ka nui i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ʻo ka pākēneka paona o nā hua i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka bacteriosis he 2,0%;
- Ua ʻike ʻia ka pohō hina i loko o nā pūʻulu o nā hua pea (20% o ka nui i nānā ʻia) me ka prevalence o 0,4%.
Ke hoʻomau nei ka loiloi i nā ʻano lūlū o nā hua.