Ua hōʻike ʻia ka 2022/23 Lūkini nui ʻuala i nā hōʻailona o ka overproduction. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe overproduction, ʻo ia kahi kūlana i hana ʻia ma ke ʻano o ke kālepa i hoʻomalu ʻia e nā ʻoihana kālepa haole.
He meaʻai koʻikoʻi ka ʻuala, nona ka hana a me ka ʻai ʻana e ulu paʻa i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Ma ke ʻano o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka ikehu i ka mea kanu i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻuala ma mua o nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe a pau o ke anuanu; ʻo ia ka mea hoʻohana wai ʻoi aku ka waiwai a me ka maikaʻi, e hāʻawi ana i nā hua kiʻekiʻe ma nā ʻāina marginal. ʻO ka ʻōlelo a nā agronomists Lūkini o ke kenekulia 30, ʻo ka ulu ʻana i ka ʻuala e like me ka loaʻa ʻana o ʻekolu mau pepeiao kulina kahi i ulu ai kekahi i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Hāʻawi ʻia i kēia mau mea kanu, manaʻo ʻia e pālua ka hana ʻuala honua i nā makahiki XNUMX e hiki mai ana. Loaʻa iā Rūsia nā kūlana a me nā manawa kūpono (soil-climatic and economic) e lilo i alakaʻi alakaʻi i nā ʻuala pāʻoihana kiʻekiʻe no ka mākeke honua.
ʻO ke kumu o ka lawa ʻole o ke kūʻai ʻana i ka ʻuala i manaʻo pinepine ʻia he kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe loa ma nā hale kūʻai kūʻai, hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kumukūʻai o nā cereals a me ka pasta. ʻO nā ʻano meaʻai ʻokoʻa loa e pili ana i ka waiwai o ka meaʻai pono e hoʻokūkū kekahi me kekahi i mua o ka emi ʻana o ka mana kūʻai o ka heluna kanaka i nā makahiki i hala. Hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā kumukūʻai ma ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā palena hoʻoponopono i ka nui o ka palena kālepa (ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 30%), e hoʻolauna ana i kahi maʻamau no ka māhele o nā huahana kūloko i ke kūʻai ʻana i nā kaulahao kūʻai (ma ka liʻiliʻi he 90%), a me ka pāpā ʻana i ka lawe ʻana mai i ka uala. ʻO kēia nā mea hana macroeconomic civilized hou i hoʻohana nui ʻia a puni ka honua i mea e hōʻoia ai i ke kūʻokoʻa o ka meaʻai a kākoʻo i kā lākou mea hana. ʻO ke aupuni Lūkini, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ke kali nei no 30 mau makahiki no ka hoʻoponopono ponoʻī ʻana o ka lima ʻike ʻole o ka mākeke, i haʻi ʻia e nā theorists, kahi mea e pale pono ai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka home ma ka laulā a me ke ʻano. I nā kūlana o kēia manawa, pono e aʻo nā mea kanu ʻuala Lūkia pehea e hoʻohana ai i nā ala ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūʻai aku ʻana i nā huahana, kahi mea e pono ai ke aʻo a hoʻohana i ka ʻike haole maikaʻi loa. E like me ka laʻana e hahai ai, e noʻonoʻo i ka Idaho Potato Trade Marketing System no 2023 - kahi palapala hiki ke loaʻa a me ka voluminous. I kēia manawa, 150 mau ʻoihana ma kēia mokuʻāina ma kahi o 120 tausani heka i kēlā me kēia makahiki e ulu ana ma kahi o 5 miliona mau ʻuala, ʻo ia ka hapakolu o nā ʻuala ʻAmelika āpau. A kūʻai maikaʻi lākou iā ia, ʻoiai ke hilinaʻi nei lākou i ka ʻano Russet kahiko a ʻoi aku ka mua (he ʻano oval elongated nui ʻaʻole i maʻamau maʻamau, me ka ʻili ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻiʻo keʻokeʻo). Hoʻohana ʻia ka nui o kēia mea kanu no ka hana ʻana i nā fries, akā hoʻomau mau ʻia ʻo Russet ma ke ʻano he ʻuala papaʻaina (ma kahi o ka hapalua o ka nui o nā kūʻai ʻana ma ʻAmelika).
Nā kūlana kumu a me nā kumu no ke kūʻai ʻana i ka ʻuala
1. ʻO ka hana kūikawā a me ka hoʻonuiʻana i nā puke hana. ʻAʻole hiki i nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi ke hāʻawi i ka ʻuala i nā kaulahao kūʻai no ka manawa lōʻihi. Hoʻohui ʻia ka ulu ʻuala me ka ulu ʻana i nā mea kanu, akā ʻo ia ka hana nui i kēia hihia. ʻAʻole kūpono a ʻaʻole e kūleʻa inā e ulu ʻoe i ka ʻuala me kahi mea e like me kahi hua liʻiliʻi. No laila, ʻo nā mahiʻai nui o ka Repubalika o Belarus me ka ʻoihana koʻikoʻi i ka ʻai-waiu a me ka hana ʻai meaʻai, me nā ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa, hoʻemi i ka hana ʻana i ka ʻuala. ʻO nā mahiʻai kūikawā wale nō e hoʻomau i nā kuʻuna o ka uluʻana o ka potato Belarusian nani, akā,ʻaʻole like nā puke. I kekahi manawa ʻaʻole lawa ia no ka mākeke kūloko.
2. Hoʻohui i nā ʻoihana e ulu ana i ka ʻuala. ʻO ka Idaho Potato Association - Idaho Potato Commission (IPC) - ua hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1937 (!) ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻaʻole i ka pō, akā ua alakaʻi kēia i kahi kumu kūʻai kūʻai a me ke kulekele kūʻai aku, e mālama pono i ka hana a me nā pono o ka ʻoihana. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi uniona ʻoihana e hoʻohui i nā mea a pau e hiki ai iā mākou ke hana me ka hui pū ʻana a me ka ʻaha mele. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ua lōʻihi loa nā mea kanu ʻuala Lūkini mai ka hui ʻana. ʻO ke kūʻokoʻa, ka noho kaʻawale, ka noʻonoʻo mahiʻai i lanakila: "Hiki iaʻu ke kūʻai aku i kaʻu ʻuala iaʻu iho." Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia e hoʻohui a ua nui nā hui ʻoihana, akā ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻohui i ke kaiāulu ʻuala holoʻokoʻa. Ma ka pae ʻāpana, pili pono ka hui ʻana o nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi i mea e hoʻonui ai a hoʻohālikelike i ka nui o nā huahana i kūʻai ʻia. He mau hihia kaʻawale hoʻi kēia. ʻAʻole ʻae ka ʻāpana i ka hōʻike ʻana a me ka pale ʻana i nā pono o ka ʻoihana. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokumu i kahi kūlana i hui pū ʻia inā ʻaʻole i hui pū ka hui ʻana i nā ʻoihana Lūkini wale nō, akā nā ʻelele pū kekahi o nā hui ʻē aʻe i loaʻa nā ʻokoʻa like ʻole. No laila, loaʻa pinepine nā manaʻo mai nā hui e hoʻopaʻa i nā pono o ka Lūkini, akā nā hui ʻē aʻe.
3. Nā huahana kiʻekiʻe. ʻAʻole pono ke kūlana i ka pono, pono nā mea a pau e hoʻoikaika e hiki i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka maikaʻi. Aia ka pilikia ma nā ʻāpana: i ka wā e hiki mai ana, e hoʻokūkū ana ka ʻuala papaʻaina me ka huina o 40 t/ha a me ka hiki ke kūʻai aku ma kahi o 85%. ʻO ka ʻuala hiki ke kūʻai ʻia, ʻo ia ka ʻāpana o ka mea kanu i kūʻai ʻia ma ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe. I kekahi mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua manaʻo ʻia nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe no nā mea hana (ʻo ia hoʻi, mai kahi hale kūʻai) he $ 100 / ton, a ma hope o ka piʻi ʻana o ke kumukūʻai o nā waiwai a me nā mea waiwai ma 2021/22, ma kahi o $ 200/ton.
4. Nā ʻano huahana like ʻole. ʻOiai ʻo ka hoʻokō conservative ʻAmelika iā Russet, ma waho aʻe o ia mea, ʻelima mau ʻano ʻuala ʻē aʻe e noho mau ana ma nā papa ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa: melemele, ʻulaʻula, keʻokeʻo, gourmet a me ka pilikanaka. Kūʻai ʻia lākou ma nā ʻano like ʻole.
Ma muli o ka nānā ʻana i nā helu kūʻai kūʻai lōʻihi, ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau wahi o ka ʻāina me nā hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa o ka ʻai ʻana i nā ʻano ʻuala. Hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau hiʻohiʻona i ka wā e hoʻolālā ai i ka ʻano o ka mahiʻai a me ke kūʻai aku.
A he mea pono iā mākou ke hoʻoikaika, akā me ka noʻonoʻo, e hoʻonui i nā ʻano ʻuala papaʻaina, ka laina huahana. ʻO ka nui o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole ma nā papa o nā hale kūʻai Lūkini (i nā makahiki i hala iho nei he ʻuala melemele melemele) hoʻonele i nā mea kūʻai aku i ka manawa e koho ai. A ʻo ka nele o ke koho e hōʻemi ana i ke kūʻai ʻana i ka ʻuala ma ka laulā.
5. Hoʻomaopopo mau i nā mea kūʻai e pili ana i ka pono o ka ʻuala. ʻO ka kūleʻa o ke kūʻai ʻana i ka ʻuala ma Idaho i hoʻokumu ʻia, ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ma luna o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka meaʻai a me ka waiwai o ka ʻuala ma ke ʻano he huahana meaʻai. Pono mākou e ʻae me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole mākou e nānā i kēia ʻano o ka hoʻolaha. I kēia manawa, he mea koʻikoʻi ka haʻi ʻana i ka ʻike ʻepekema i ka mea kūʻai aku.
ʻO ka ʻuala kahi meaʻai momona kiʻekiʻe. E like me kāu e ʻike ai, hoʻoholo ʻia ka pono o ka meaʻai e ka ratio o nā meaʻai a me nā calorie. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka lawelawe ʻana i ka ʻuala he 100-gram he 97 mau calorie, a i ʻole 5% o ka haʻawina i ʻōlelo ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā. Akā ʻo ia lawelawe hoʻokahi e hāʻawi i ka 10% o kāu ʻai i kēlā me kēia lā o ka fiber meaʻai, ka huaora B6, a me ka potassium, a me 5% a ʻoi aku paha o ka thiamine, niacin, ka huaora C, ka huaora E, ka huaora K, ka phosphorus, ka magnesium, a me ke keleawe, a me nā mea hou aku. A he hōʻike kēia he meaʻai maikaʻi loa ka ʻuala.
Ua helu ʻia ka ʻuala a me nā pīni ʻōmaʻomaʻo e like me nā meaʻai me ka nui o nā meaʻai i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana kālā i hoʻolilo ʻia ma ke aʻo ʻana i nā meaʻai maʻamau he 90. ʻO ke kumukūʻai, ka waiwai kūpono, ka lōʻihi o ka mālama ʻana a me nā hua kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻuala e lilo ia i mea nui o ka hoʻolālā palekana.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻuala ma ke ʻano he "huaʻai starchy", e hōʻike ana i ka macronutrient nui, nā carbohydrates, a me ke ʻano o ka carbohydrate nui, ka starch. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka mākiko ʻuala me ka amylopectin (branched-chain glucose polymer) a me ka amylose (straight-chain glucose polymer) i ka ratio 3:1 mau loa. ʻO kēia "starch kūpaʻa" (RS) ua hoʻomoʻa nui ʻia e ka microflora i loko o ke kolone e hana i nā ʻakika momona pōkole i hōʻike ʻia e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka pH o ka ʻōpū, hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā pae amonia ʻona i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, a hana ma ke ʻano he prebiotics e hoʻoikaika i ka ulu ʻana. nā hua bacteria maikaʻi. . Hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina hoʻohālike holoholona hou a me kekahi mau haʻawina kanaka liʻiliʻi e hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka maʻona, hoʻoikaika maikaʻi i ka hoʻohui ʻana o ke kino, hoʻoikaika maikaʻi i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lipid koko a me ka pae glucose, a hoʻonui i nā hua bacteria maikaʻi i loko o ke kolamu.
Loaʻa i ka ʻuala ʻelua o nā ʻāpana RS ʻelima: RS2, ka mea i ʻike nui ʻia i ka ʻuala maka, a me RS3, i hana ʻia i ka wā e hoʻolapalapa ʻia ai ka ʻuala a maʻalili. Ua nānā ʻia kahi noiʻi hou i ka nui o ka RS i ʻekolu mau ʻano ʻuala kaulana i kuke ʻia ma nā ʻano ʻelua ʻē aʻe (ka kuke ʻana a me ka paila ʻana) a lawelawe ʻia i ʻekolu mau mahana like ʻole. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena he ʻokoʻa ka ʻike RS i loko o ka ʻuala ma muli o ke ʻano kuke a me ka mahana, akā ʻaʻole ma nā ʻano like ʻole. No ka laʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o RS (3,6 g RS no 100 g ʻuala) ma mua o ka ʻuala paila (2,4 g RS no 100 g ʻuala). Ma ka awelika, ʻo ka ʻuala i hoʻomoʻa ʻia (i kālua mua ʻia a i paila ʻia paha) i loaʻa ka RS nui loa (4,3g RS no 100g ʻuala), a ukali ʻia e nā ʻuala i hoʻomoʻa ʻia a hoʻomaʻamaʻa hou ʻia (3,5g RS no 100g ʻuala) a me nā ʻuala i lawelawe ʻia me ka wela (3,1 g o RS. no 100 g o ka ʻuala). ʻOiai ʻo nā ʻuala i hana ʻia (e like me ka ʻuala ʻuala) ʻike ʻia e paʻa i ka nui o ka starch kūpaʻa.
Ma waho aʻe o ka RS, loaʻa i ka ʻuala ke fiber meaʻai - ma kahi o 2 g no 150 g, ʻo ia ka 7% o ka waiwai o kēlā me kēia lā. Loaʻa iā lākou ma ka pulp a me ka peel. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka ʻuala keʻokeʻo. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka nui o ka protein maʻemaʻe o ka ʻuala me ka hapa nui o nā kumu aʻa a me nā ʻōpala ʻē aʻe, ma kahi o 2-4 g no ka awelika ʻuala. Hoʻomaopopo pinepine ʻia ka maikaʻi o ka protein ma ke ʻano he "biological value" (BC), e noʻonoʻo ana i ka profile amino acid o kahi protein me kona bioavailability. He 100 ka waiwai olaola o ka hua keokeo a ua manaoia he kuhikuhi. He kiʻekiʻe ka BV 90 o ka ʻuala i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kumu kumu protein meakanu nui ʻē aʻe (e laʻa me ka soybeans me ka BV o 84 a me nā pī me ka BV o 73). He manaʻo kuhi hewa ʻole ʻaʻole nalo a nalo paha nā protein mea kanu i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha o nā waikawa amino pono. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, loaʻa i ka ʻuala nā ʻeiwa amino acid a no laila he protein piha. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻuala ma mua o nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe a ua like ia me nā protein holoholona e pili ana i ka ʻike o nā amino acids pono.
macro a nā mea hōʻailona. Loaʻa i ka ʻuala nā huaora a me nā minela koʻikoʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā huaora C a me B6, a me nā minerala potassium, magnesium, a me ka hao. Aia i loko o kahi ʻuala liʻiliʻi (150 g) he 27 mg o ka huaora C, he nui loa. Aia ka ʻuala i ka lima ma ka papa inoa o nā kumu meaʻai o ka huaora C no ʻAmelika. Loaʻa i ka ʻuala ka riboflavin, thiamine, a me ka folate, a he kumu maikaʻi ia o ka huaora B6 (12% o ka US DV no kēlā me kēia lawelawe).
ʻO ka ʻuala kekahi o nā kumu nui o ka potassium, me nā ʻuala i ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka maiʻa, nā ʻalani a me ka broccoli.
He kiʻekiʻe ka ʻuala i ka magnesium (e pili ana i 48 mg i loko o ka ʻuala liʻiliʻi me ka ʻili), a ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina hou e pili ana i ka 5% o ka nui o ka magnesium i ka ʻai ʻAmelika mai ka ʻuala.
ʻO ka hao, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe loa i ka ʻuala (1,3 mg a i ʻole 6% o ka waiwai o kēlā me kēia lā i ka US), akā ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka bioavailability o kēia mea ma mua o nā mea kanu waiwai hao.
ʻO ka manaʻo kuhihewa ʻo ia nā meaʻai a pau i loko o ka ʻili o ka ʻuala. Aia ma kahi o ka hapalua o nā fiber meaʻai a pau, akā ʻo ka hapa nui (> 50%) o nā meaʻai i loko o ka pulp. E like me ka nui o nā mea kanu, ʻo ka bioavailability o ka nui o nā meaʻai i loko o ka ʻuala, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā huaora a me nā minela hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, e pili ana i ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana. ʻO ka poho nui loa o nā meaʻai ke hoʻohana ʻia ka wai no ka kuke ʻana (hoʻolapalapa) a/a i ʻole ke ʻike ʻia ka meaʻai i nā wela kiʻekiʻe no ka manawa lōʻihi (e laʻa me ka kuke ʻana).
Phytonutrients. Loaʻa i ka ʻuala nā ʻano phytonutrients, ka nui o nā carotenoids a me nā waikawa phenolic, a ʻo ia ke kumu nui loa o nā pūhui phenolic i hoʻokumu ʻia i nā mea kanu i ka meaʻai ʻAmelika. Loaʻa nā Carotenoids e like me ka lutein, zeaxanthin a me violaxanthin i ka ʻuala melemele a me ka ʻulaʻula, ʻoiai aia nā mea liʻiliʻi i ka ʻuala keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka nui o nā carotenoids i ka ʻuala mai 35 µg a i 795 µg no 100 g paona hou. Aia nā ʻano melemele ʻeleʻele ma kahi o 10 mau manawa o ka carotenoids ma mua o nā ʻano ʻiʻo keʻokeʻo. ʻO nā Anthocyanins nā pūhui phenolic i loaʻa i loko o ke kohu cell o nā pua, nā huaʻai, a me nā lau mea kanu a hāʻawi i nā waihoʻoluʻu mai ka ʻulaʻula a ka raspberry a me ka uliuli a i ka poni. ʻO nā mea anthocyanin kiʻekiʻe loa i loko o ka ʻuala, ʻo ia ka acylated petunidine glycosides (ʻuala poni) a me ka acylated pelargonidin glycosides (nā ʻuala ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻuala). ʻO ka waikawa Chlorogenic, kahi hui polyphenolic kala ʻole, he metabolite mea kanu lua a hiki i ka 80% o ka nui o ka phenol ma loko o nā ʻuala ʻuala. ʻO ka hope, ʻO Quercetin kahi flavonoid i loaʻa i ka nui loa i ka ʻuala ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻulaʻula a he mau antioxidant a me nā mea anti-inflammatory in vitro a in vivo. E like me nā mea kanu phytonutrients ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā glycoalkaloids nā hopena ʻawaʻawa wale nō, akā nā hopena maikaʻi hoʻi, me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa cholesterol, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, a me nā hopena antipyretic. ʻOiai ʻo kēia mau ʻike a pau, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia he haʻahaʻa ka nui o nā glycoalkaloids i loko o ka ʻuala i loaʻa no ka ʻai kanaka, a ʻo ka wehe ʻana i nā mea kanu a me ka ʻili ʻana i ka ʻili 3-4 mm mānoanoa ma waho ma mua o ka kuke ʻana e wehe i nā glycoalkaloids āpau (no nā kikoʻī hou aku. , e nana i ka Potato Journal). system" No. 2, 2023).
ʻAʻole i loaʻa i ka ʻuala ka gluten (kahi pūʻulu o nā protein e hoʻokumu i ka gluten i loko o nā kīʻaha cereal a nui ka poʻe e maʻi i ka maʻi), no laila, he kumu waiwai nui lākou i ka meaʻai o ka poʻe me ka maʻi celiac a / a i ʻole ka naʻau gluten. ʻO ka ʻoki wale ʻana i nā meaʻai gluten hiki ke alakaʻi i nā hemahema ʻē aʻe: fiber a me kekahi mau micronutrients, me ka thiamine, folate, magnesium, calcium, a me ka hao. Ma muli o ka nui o kēia mau meaʻai i loko o ka ʻuala, he meaʻai nui lākou no ka poʻe makemake a makemake paha e hahai i ka meaʻai gluten-free a gluten-restricted. Ma nā pūʻolo o ka ʻuala (ʻaʻole ke ʻano olakino maikaʻi loa o ka hua ʻuala), ua lilo ia i mea maʻamau i ka nānā ʻana ʻaʻole i ka nui o ka calorie kiʻekiʻe, akā i ka ʻike zero gluten.
6. Hoʻopau paʻa i ka ʻike hoʻopunipuni maikaʻi ʻole e pili ana i ka waiwai o ka ʻuala. Ke nānā mau nei nā mea kanu ʻuala ʻo Idaho i ka wahi ʻike a hōʻole koke i ka ʻike hoʻopunipuni e pili ana i ka pōʻino o ka ʻuala ma ke ʻano he meaʻai. Hoʻomaka lākou mai ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēlā me kēia memo maikaʻi ʻole e nā mea maikaʻi ʻehā - ma ke kumuhana like a ma nā ala ʻike like. ʻO nā ʻōlelo hōʻino a Philistine-amateurish e kūʻē i ka ʻuala i kēlā me kēia manawa e kekahi mau meaʻai meaʻai a puni ka honua, ma ʻekolu mau wahi nui:
Ke koko/ke koko. Ua ʻae ka US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) i kahi noi no pomaikai potassium no ke olakino a me ka normalization o ke koko. Ma muli o ko lākou kiʻekiʻe o ka potassium a me ka haʻahaʻa o ka sodium, hiki i ka ʻuala ke lilo i meaʻai kūpono no ka mālama ʻana i ka hypertension. Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻoholo kekahi noiʻi lapaʻau e pili ana ka ʻai nui ʻana i ka ʻai ʻai ʻai ʻia i ka ʻai ʻia i ka ʻai ʻai nui ʻia i ka ʻai ʻai ʻia i ka ʻai ʻai nui ʻia i ka ʻai ʻai ʻia i ka ʻai ʻai nui ʻia o ka ʻai ʻai ʻai ʻai ʻai ʻia i ka ʻai ʻai nui ʻia i ka pālaʻi ʻia, ka paila, a me ka french fries e pili ana i kahi pilikia o ka ulu ʻana i ka hypertension. ʻO ka nānā pono ʻana i nā hopena o kēia noiʻi ʻana i hōʻike ʻia ʻaʻohe kumu no ka hopena maopopo ʻole. I kekahi mau hihia, ʻike ʻia ka pilina maikaʻi ma waena o ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻuala a me ka ulu ʻana o ka hypertension i nā wahine wale nō, aʻo nā kāne i ʻike ʻia kahi hoʻomaikaʻi. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻuala me nā mea kanu non-starchy i ʻelua mau pūʻulu wahine; i nā kāne, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka pilikia o ka hypertension. A ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻuala me nā mea kanu starchy ʻē aʻe (pea, pī, kulina, a me ka ʻuala) ʻaʻole i hōʻemi i ka pilikia o ka hypertension ma kēlā me kēia hui.
Kāohi paona ʻO ka ʻuala i kona ʻano kūlohelohe kahi mea kanu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa me ka ikaika o ka ikehu ma kahi o 90 kcal no 100 g o ke kaumaha hou (e hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka ʻike calorie o kā kāloti, kāpeti, beets). Hoʻonui ka nui o ka calorie o ka ʻuala i nā manawa he nui ke ʻai ʻia i ka ʻaila a i ʻole ka momona. No laila, loaʻa i nā chips ka calorie ma kahi o 450 kcal no 100 g, akā ma kahi o 30% o ko lākou kaumaha he aila meaʻai.
Hoʻomaopopo pū mākou ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ikehu e ke kanaka me ka meaʻai ka pahuhopu nui a me ke ʻano o ka meaʻai. ʻO ka pilikia o ka momona ʻaʻole ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā calorie, akā no ka nui o ka ikehu i hoʻopau ʻia me ka meaʻai ma mua o ka hoʻolilo ikehu. Pono ka poʻe me ka noho maʻamau e hoʻokomo i ka ʻuala i hoʻolapalapa ʻia a me ka ʻuala mashed i kā lākou ʻai, a hoʻokaʻawale i nā fries ma ke ʻano he kīʻaha hoʻomaha.
Eia nō naʻe, ma ka Pūnaewele hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa maʻalahi i nā haʻawina i kapa ʻia o nā ʻepekema Pelekane, e kau ana i ka ʻuala ma kahi pā me nā mea inu kō a me ka ʻiʻo ʻulaʻula. Pono nā mea kanu ʻuala ma Idaho e hōʻole mau i kēlā mau hopena wiwo ʻole.
Pane glycemic / ʻano diabetes 2. Ma muli o ko lākou ʻano haʻahaʻa a manaʻo ʻia he kiʻekiʻe glycemic index (GI), ʻaʻole i kaupalena pinepine ʻia ka ʻuala i nā meaʻai maʻi diabetic, akā ua ʻōlelo ʻia nō hoʻi ke kumu o ka maʻi. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻohe haʻawina hoʻokolohua / hoʻokolohua e hōʻike ana i kahi pilina kumu. Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻoholo kekahi mau mea kākau i ka pili pono o ka ʻuala (me ka hoʻomoʻa ʻia, ka paila, ka mashed a me ka french fries) me ka pilikia o ka maʻi maʻi type 2, a ke kuhikuhi nei ʻo ia i ka GI potato ma ke ʻano he mea hiki ke hoʻonui i ka pilikia. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi loiloi kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa o nā hopena o kēia noiʻi ʻana i ka wā i hoʻokomo ʻia ai ka body mass index (BMI) i loko o ke ʻano helu helu a hoʻomalu ʻia ma ke ʻano he cofactor, ʻaʻole i noho koʻikoʻi ka hui no nā ʻuala i kālua ʻia, paila ʻia a mashed paha. He mea koʻikoʻi ka mana BMI no ka mea ʻo ke kaumaha nui/obesity ke kumu pilikia nui no ka maʻi maʻi type 2. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻole i noʻonoʻo nā mea kākau i nā mea ʻai ʻē aʻe e hiki ke wehewehe i kēia pilina, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻiʻo ʻulaʻula.
ʻO ka glycemic index ponoʻī, e hōʻike ana i ka helu pili o ka haki ʻana o ka starch i ka glucose i loko o ka digestive tract o ke kanaka, ʻokoʻa loa ia i ka ʻuala ma muli o ke ʻano o ka kuke ʻana a me ke ʻano o ka ʻai ʻana. Loaʻa nā waiwai GI mai waena (ʻuala ʻulaʻula paila i ʻai ʻia i ke anu: 56) a haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe (ʻuala Russet baked: 77) a kiʻekiʻe (ʻuala mashed koke: 88; ʻuala ʻulaʻula paila: 89). Ua nānā hou kekahi haʻawina i ka GI o ʻewalu mau ʻuala ma UK a loaʻa iā ia ka laulā o 56 a hiki i 94. A ʻo kekahi ʻōlelo hōʻoia: ʻo ka French fries ka GI haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka ʻuala paila.
7. E hoʻomaopopo i nā mea kūʻai aku i nā pono olakino o ka ʻuala. Ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ka hopena o ka ʻuala i ke olakino kanaka ma mua (i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kekahi mau mea kanu). Akā aia i loko o nā ʻano kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o nā phytonutrients koʻikoʻi i loaʻa ka hana olaola e hiki ke pale aku i ka ulu ʻana o nā maʻi maʻi. I kēia manawa, ua hōʻike nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau i ka hoʻohana mau ʻana i ka ʻuala he hypocholesterolemic a me nā hopena anti-inflammatory, kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hopena o ka maʻi kanesa, ka maʻi diabetes, a me ka momona.
8. Hoʻomaopopo i nā mea kūʻai aku e pili ana i ka mālama pono ʻana i ka ʻuala: pehea e mālama ai, pehea e pale ai i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ka ulu ʻana, ka poho kaumaha. No ka laʻana, verbatim ma ke kumuhana o ka uliuli: Loaʻa maoli ka chlorophyll a me glycoalkaloids i ka ʻuala. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i ka ʻuala i ka mālamalama ma ke kula, ma ka waiho ʻana, ma nā papa hale kūʻai, a i ʻole ma ka home, hiki ke hopena i ka pigmentation ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ka ʻili o ka ʻuala. ʻO kēia "'ōmaʻomaʻo" ma muli o ka hoʻokumuʻiaʻana o ka chlorophyll, kahi puaʻa i loaʻa i nā mea kanu he nui, e like me ka letus, spinach, a me ka broccoli. ʻO ka ʻuala, i ʻai mau ʻia, he haʻahaʻa ka solanine. Loaʻa nā pae kiʻekiʻe loa o ka glycoalkaloids i nā ʻōpuʻu, nā pua, nā lau, a i ʻole nā ʻāpana ulu ʻē aʻe o ka ʻuala, ʻaʻole ia nā ʻāpana o ka ʻuala a nā kānaka e ʻai mau ai. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka glycoalkaloids i ka ʻuala ʻoi ʻole a emi iho i ka wā e ulu a oʻo ai ka ʻuala. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo nā papahana hoʻoulu ʻuala i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i nā laina ʻuala haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa wale nō. Manaʻo ka FDA i ka nui o ka glycoalkaloid maʻiʻo e ʻae ʻia he 20-25mg/100g ka paona ʻuala hou. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka awelika o ka pane ʻona kanaka i nā glycoalkaloids he 3 mg/kg ke kaumaha o ke kino (ma waena o 1-5 mg/kg kaumaha kino). Ke manaʻo nei he glycoalkaloids i loko o ka ʻuala ma ke kiʻekiʻe i manaʻo ʻia ʻo 200 ppm, pono ke kanaka 80 kg (176 lb) e ʻai i hoʻokahi kilokani piha o nā ʻuala ʻuala i kēlā me kēia lawelawe e hoʻoulu ai i kahi hopena ʻawaʻawa. E hoʻomaopopo hoʻi i ka ʻuala me ka nui o ka glycoalkaloid content e loaʻa i kahi ʻawaʻawa a wela. No ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka hana ʻana o glycoalkaloids i ka ʻuala i ka ʻohi ʻana a ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, pono e mālama ʻia nā huahana ma kahi anuanu a pouli. Ināʻikeʻoe i kahi'ōmaʻomaʻo ma luna o kaʻuala, eʻoki i waho, hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia ka mea nui o ka huahana.
Hoʻohana ka Idaho Potato Growers Association i kahi ʻano hōʻike mālie a maikaʻi. A hāʻawi ʻo ia i nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa, e pili ana i nā kumu ʻepekema mana o ka ʻike e pili ana i ke kumuhana.
9. Hoʻoponopono mau ʻia i nā mea ʻai ʻuala. ʻO kēia, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ka poloka nui o ka ʻike no nā mea kūʻai. ʻO nā pūnaewele o nā hui ulu ʻuala a me nā ʻoihana hana ʻuala he nui nā ʻāpana culinary me nā kikoʻī kikoʻī, nā kiʻi nani o nā kīʻaha ʻuala a me nā lawelawe. Hoʻopiha mau ʻia lākou a hoʻolaha ʻia, me ke ʻano o ke kūʻai ʻana i ka ʻuala i nā hale kūʻai.
10. ʻO ka hui hoʻomohala o ke kālepa ʻuala. Manaʻo no nā hale kūʻai no 2023:
- hoʻolaha i nā ʻuala kaulana loa;
- hana i nā kiʻi hoʻolaha i nā leo ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula (kōkua i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā kūʻai aku ma 13%);
- kau i nā hoʻolaha ma nā hōʻikeʻike ma nā hale kūʻai nui (kahi hoʻonui hou o ke kūʻai aku ma 22%, e like me ka IPC);
- hoʻohana i nā hōʻailona IPC i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka papahele kālepa (i mea hoʻomanaʻo i ka mea kūʻai aku e pili ana i ka ʻuala Idaho);
- hoʻohana i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ke kiʻi o nā pūʻolo me nā huahana ('āpana, i ʻole e loaʻa i nā mea kūʻai aku ka manaʻo e kūʻai ʻia ka ʻuala i ka nui wale);
- e hoʻokaʻawale i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā ʻuala (ʻoi aku ka ʻuala o Idaho ma mua o Russet);
- hoʻonohonoho i nā hoʻokūkū no nā mea aloha ʻuala (hoʻonui nā hoʻokūkū i ka hele ʻana i nā hale kūʻai).
Hoʻokumu ka Idaho Potato Growers Association i nā ʻahaʻaina ʻuala, hoʻonohonoho i kahi hui like ʻole ma waena o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma kahi mega-trailer me ke kiʻi o kahi ʻuala ʻuala, nā loteri like ʻole me nā makana no nā mea kūʻai ʻuala ikaika. A ʻaʻole ʻo ia e manaʻo i ka ʻuala maikaʻi e kūʻai aku iā ia iho, a mākou e hilinaʻi nei. Pono nā mea kanu ʻuala Lūkini e hahai i kēia ala. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hana hoʻolaha kūʻai maikaʻi ma mua o ka mana o kēlā me kēia ʻoihana. No laila, ʻo ka mea nui mua ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka paukū 2 (e ʻike i luna).
ʻO Sergey Banadysev, Kauka o ka ʻepekema mahiʻai Sci., Doka - Gene Technologies LLC