ʻO ka papa o ke kaʻina hana pathological o ka rhizoctoniosis potato e hoʻopilikia nui ʻia e ka nui o ka heluna pathogen i ka lepo a me nā ʻano hua. Ma lalo o nā kūlana Siberian, ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi lepo ma mua o ka maʻi tuber, akā naʻe, i ka wā mua o ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka inoculum tuber.
I ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona biological i hōʻike ʻia o ke kumu kumu o ka rhizoctoniosis potato, i mea e hōʻemi ai i ka pōʻino o ka maʻi, hoʻonui i ka hua a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o nā huahana, pono ia e hoʻohana i kahi hoʻonohonoho o nā hana mahiʻai e hōʻemi i ka helu o nā huahana. ka pathogen ma luna o nā hua ʻala a ma ka lepo.
I ka loaʻa ʻole o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka infectious i ka lepo, hiki ke ulu i ka ʻuala ma ka bale, oats, rapeseed a me ka sinapi, a pono e mālama ʻia nā ʻuala me nā fungicides ma mua o ke kanu ʻana. A laila, i ka wā kanu, hiki iā mākou ke manaʻo i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka rhizoctonia ma kahi o 9-10%.
Ke kanu nei i nā mea kanu kanu ʻole, e hoʻonui ʻia kēia hōʻailona e 3-5%. Inā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoulu i nā mea kanu e like me nā mea i hana mua ʻia, hiki ke kau ʻia ma luna o ka palaoa, a laila ʻo ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi ma ka pae o 14% me ka mālama ʻana i nā tubers a me 20% me ka ʻole o ka mālama ʻana.
Inā noho ʻia ka lepo o ka māla e ka mea kumu o ka rhizoctoniosis, a laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kanu ʻana i ka ʻuala ma nā mea kanu mua e like me ka oats, rapeseed a me ka sinapi. I kēia hihia, hiki i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka rhizoctoniosis i 13-15% ma nā mea kanu i ulu ʻia mai nā ʻōpala i mālama ʻia i ka fungicide a me nā mea i loaʻa mai nā mea kanu kanu ʻole.
I ka mahi ʻana i nā mea kanu no ka palaoa a me ka bale, pono e pīpī ʻia nā tubers me kahi disinfectant ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, no ka laʻana, Maxim 0,25 KS, e hōʻemi ana i ka pōʻino ʻuala i 7,5%.
Ma ka manawa pua - ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pua ma ka lepo me ka ʻole o R. solani, ʻike ʻia ka ulu haʻahaʻa o ka maʻi no nā mea mua e like me ka rapeseed a me ka oats - 16 a me 19%, kēlā me kēia, inā mālama ʻia nā ʻōpala me kahi disinfectant ma mua o ke kanu ʻana. . ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kēia hōʻailona no ka palaoa, ka bale a me ka sinapi - 22-25%. Inā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia ka mea kanu, a laila i kēia manawa ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi ma luna o ka ʻuala no nā mea mua o ka palaoa a me ka sinapi a hiki i ka pae like o 27-32%. ʻO kahi ʻokoʻa ka rapeseed, kahi i ulu ai ka rhizoctoniosis he 22%.
ʻO ka mahiʻaiʻana i kaʻuala ma ka lepo i hoʻopiliʻia me R. solani no ka oats, ka rapeseed a me ka sinapi i hui pūʻia me ka puna puna o ka tubers me Maxim 0,25 KS e mālama i ka maʻi o ka hua me ka rhizoctoniosis ma ke kiʻekiʻe o 26-32%. No ka bale a me ka palaoa, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kēia helu a hiki i ka 37-44%. ʻO ke kau ʻana i nā mea kanu ʻuala ma ka lepo maʻi a hōʻole i ka mālama ʻana i ke kanu ʻana i nā ʻuala me kahi fungicide e hoʻonui ai i ke kaʻina pathological. ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka rhizoctoniosis i kēia hihia no ka sinapi he 33%, no ka bale, oats a me rapeseed - 37-40, a no ka palaoa - 53%.
ʻO ka mahi ʻana i ka ʻuala ma hope o ka ʻuala e alakaʻi i kahi pōʻino nui i nā mea kanu e ka maʻi i ka wā ulu a pau.
ʻO ka hoʻoulu ʻana i kahi mea kanu e like me nā mea mua, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi disinfectant, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoponopono wale i ke kūlana phytosanitary o agrocenosis, akā e hoʻomaikaʻi hoʻi i ka maikaʻi o nā huahana hopena.
ʻO ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka ʻuala i loko o ka lepo me ka ʻole o ka kumu kumu o ka rhizoctoniosis, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kanu disinfected, hiki iā ia ke ulu ma luna o nā mea kanu āpau a me nā mea kanu kāpeti. I kēia hihia, ʻo ka hua o nā ʻuala olakino mai 19-22 t / ha. Inā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia nā ʻōpala ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, a laila ʻike ʻia ka emi ʻana o ka maikaʻi o ka hua hou. Hoʻemi ʻia ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā ʻuala olakino e 1-3 t/ha, ma muli o ka hua mua.
Hoʻokumu ʻia kahi kiʻi ʻokoʻa loa inā paʻa ka lepo ma lalo o ka ʻuala e kahi haʻi. I kēia hihia, i ka wā e kāhiko ai i ka mea kanu me Maxim 0,25 KS, ʻo nā mea mua maikaʻi loa he oats, rapeseed a me ka sinapi. Hāʻawi lākou iā ʻoe e hoʻonui i ka hua o nā tubers olakino a hiki i 16-18 t / ha, ʻoiai ʻo ka palaoa a me ka bale - a hiki i ka 13-14 t / ha. Inā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia nā ʻuala me kahi fungicide, a laila pono nō hoʻi e kanu i ka ʻuala e like me nā mea i hala. Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa kahi hua o nā ʻuala maikaʻi ma ke kiʻekiʻe o 13-14 t / ha. ʻO ka palaoa a me ka bale ka mea i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o kēia mau kūlana: ma aneʻi ua 11-12 t/ha kēia hōʻailona.
ʻO ka mahi ʻana i ka ʻuala ma hope o ka ʻuala e alakaʻi i kahi emi nui o ka maikaʻi o nā huahana i loaʻa.
Ma ka mālama wale ʻana i nā mea kanu me kahi disinfectant, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa 13 t / g o nā ʻōpala olakino, a ma nā ʻano ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku kēia helu ma mua o 8-9 t / ha.
No ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hua kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻuala kiʻekiʻe i ka lepo me ka ʻole o ka kumu kumu o ka rhizoctoniosis, ka mālama ʻana i ka puna o nā tubers me nā fungicides a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka palaoa, ka bale, ka oats, rapeseed a i ʻole ka sinapi e like me ka mea kanu mua e pono ai.
ʻO ka hele ʻana o R. solani i ka lepo e pono ai ka hoʻomaikaʻi mua ʻana o ka lepo me ke kōkua o ka oats, rapeseed a me ka sinapi a me ka hoʻokomo pono ʻana i nā mea kanu.
I nā kūlana o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā hua me kahi pōkole pōkole, i mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i nā kanu ʻuala mai ka mea kumu kumu o ka rhizoctoniosis, pono ia e hoʻolauna i kahi precursor phytosanitary (oats, Sarepta mustard, spring rapeseed) a mālama i nā mea kanu me nā fungicides. ʻO ka mahiʻai ʻana i ka sinapi a me ka rapeseed e like me nā precursors e hiki ai ke hoʻemi i ka nui o ka R. solani fungus e 50-55% ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā ulu o ka ʻuala, a me 5% o ka oats. ʻAʻole ʻōlelo ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka palaoa a me ka bale ma ke ʻano he precursor, e like me Hāʻawi lākou i ka hōʻiliʻili o ka pathogen (piʻi ka helu ma 16 a me 51%, kēlā me kēia).
ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka heluna lepo o R. solani ma lalo o ka cereal a me nā kāpeti ma mua e hōʻemi i ka ulu ʻana o ka rhizoctoniosis ma nā kumu ʻuala ma nā pae mua o ka ontogenesis e 53-70%, a ma nā pae hope e 31-50% a hoʻonui i ka hua o nā ʻuala olakino e 66-86% i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻuala i kau ʻia ma luna o ka ʻuala (9,7 t/ha).
ʻO ka ʻōnaehana o ka pale ʻana i nā mea kanu, me ka mahi ʻana i ka ʻuala ma ka oats, Sarepta mustard, spring rapeseed a me ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻuala ma mua o ke kanu ʻana me kahi disinfectant fungicidal hou Maxim 0,25 KS, hāʻawi i kahi hōʻemi i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi e 54-64, 46 -67 a me 44-61% a hoʻonui i ka hua o nā ʻuala olakino e 88, 69 a me 76%. ʻO ka paʻakikī o nā ʻano i luna e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o nā huahana i loaʻa, e hōʻemi ana i kona heluna kanaka me ka sclerotia e 12-14%.
Papa inoa o nā puke i hoʻohana ʻia.
1. Shaldyaeva E.M. Ka nānā ʻana i ka rhizoctoniosis i nā agroecosystems potato ma Western Siberia / E.M. Shaldyaeva, Yu.V. Pilipova, N.M. Konyaev. -
Novosibirsk, 2006. - 196 p.
2. Shaldyaeva E.M. ʻO ka maikaʻi o ke kūlana phytosanitary o nā mea kanu
ʻuala i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i ka rapeseed puna e like me ka manure ʻōmaʻomaʻo
moʻomeheu / E.M. Shaldyaeva, Yu.V. Pilipova, M.P. Shatunova // Palekana
mea kanu ma Siberia: Sat. ʻepekema tr. kumu a me nā haumāna puka o ka Faculty of Plant Protection. - Novosibirsk, 2003. - S. 77-83