Ua ʻike ʻia ka late blight a i ʻole ka maʻi ʻuala i nā makahiki 40 mua o ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāiwa. Ua hoʻopaʻa inoa mua ʻia i ka makahiki 1844. Ma ka moʻolelo o ka hope blight, ʻelua mau nalu o ka neʻe ʻana mai Mexico a i nā wahi ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka mua, i ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāiwa. - he hoʻolauna ulia pōpilikia kēia o hoʻokahi (a i ʻole kekahi mau maʻi) i kumu i nā maʻi maʻi o nā makahiki 40 ma ʻEulopa. Hoʻomaka ka nalu ʻelua i ka makahiki 80.
Ua manaʻo ʻia nā awāwa ma nā mauna o Mekiko ka wahi hānau o ka potato phytophthora, kahi e ulu ai nā ʻano nightshade he nui (me nā mea hoʻopuʻu tuber).
Ma keʻano laulā, ke aʻo ʻana i ka biology fungal ʻO Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary i hoʻomaka i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19. Ma Rusia, ʻo nā kumu aʻoaʻo S. I. Rostovtsev a me L. I. Kursanov kekahi o nā mea mua i hāʻawi i ke aʻo ʻana i kēia haʻi. Ua kākau ka mea mua i kahi monograph nui e pili ana i nā mildews downy a me kā lākou pathogens - peronospore fungi. I waena o lākou, ua noʻonoʻo ʻo ia P. infestans.
ʻO nā hoʻololi koʻikoʻi i ka biology o ka pathogen i hana ʻia ma ka hopena o ke kenekulia XNUMX i alakaʻi ʻia i ka hoʻonui ʻana i kona plasticity ecological, adaptability a me nā waiwai aggressive. heluna kanaka "hou". P. infestans loaʻa i nā ʻano like ʻelua o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka moekolohe - A1 a me A2. Ma mua, ʻike ʻia ke ʻano A2 ma Central Mexico wale nō, i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ke kikowaena o ke kumu P. infestans. Ua loaʻa i ka poʻe "hou" ka hiki ke hana hou i ka moekolohe. ʻO ka hopena, ua hoʻonui ka pinepine o ka hui hou ʻana P. infestans, a ua lilo ia i mea hiki ke hana i nā spores hoʻomaha moe - oospores, hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka hoʻoilo i ka lepo ma nā ʻōpala mea kanu. ʻOkoʻa ka heluna kanaka o kēia wā mai ka "kahiko" i ka ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa kiʻekiʻe a ua hōʻike nui ʻia e nā lāhui paʻakikī.
ʻO nā ʻōpala i loaʻa i ka phytophthora he pōkole ke ola i ka hoʻoilo; ulu koke ka pala maloʻo ma luna o ia mau ʻuala a ʻike liʻiliʻi ka pala phytophthora. ʻO ke kumu nui o ka phytophthora he mau ʻuala maʻi i hoʻohana ʻia i mea kanu a me nā ʻōpala maʻi ma ke kula ma hope o ka ʻohi ʻana.
Ka papa inoa o nā kumu i hoʻohana ʻia:
1. Antonenko V. V. Ka ho'omohala 'ana i ka 'uala a me nā'ōmato ma ka 'āina o Moscow i ka wā ma'amau / A. Zolfagari, V. V. Antonenko, D. V. Zaitsev, A. A. Ignatenkova, A. G. Mamonov, RV Penkin, A. Yu. Poshtarenko, AN Smirnov // Hoʻomalu i nā mea kanu a me ka Quarantine. - 2011. - Helu 12. - S. 40-42.
2. Belov G. L., Derevyagina M. K., Zeyruk V. N., Vasilyeva S. V. Nānā phytopathological o nā ʻano ʻuala i nā kūlana o ka moku Moscow // Agrarian Bulletin of the Urals. 2021. Helu 05 (208). aoao 8–21.
3. Zakutnova V.I., Pilipenko N.V., Zakutnova E.B. ʻO ka mōʻaukala o ke aʻo ʻana i ka phytophthora o ka ʻāina paʻa i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa honua a me Russia // Astrakhan Bulletin of Ecological Education. 2013. Helu 2 (24). aoao 137-141.
4. ʻO Zoteeva N. M. Ke kū'ēʻana i nāʻanoʻuala'āhiu i ka hopena o ka'ōpala i nā kūlana kula o ka North-West o ka Russian Federation // Hana i nā mea kanu, genetics a me ka hānauʻana. - 2019. - T. 180. No. 4. - S. 159-169.
5. Prokhorov O.A. ʻO nā ala kūpono no ka loiloi ʻana i ke kū ʻana o ka māla i ka hopena o ka blight i ke kaʻina koho o ka ʻuala / I.M. Yashina, O.A. Prokhorova // Ka moku'āina o kēia manawa a me nā manaʻo no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻuala: Nā hana o ka hālāwai kūkā ʻepekema a me ka pono IV - Cheboksary: KUP ChR "Agro-Innovations", - 2012. - P. 24-28.
6. Dyakov Yu.T., Derevjagina MK // Pesticide Outlook. 2000.V.11. P.230-232.