Mai ka makasina: No. 3 2014
Māhele: Nā kānaka mua
ʻO "Bashmakovsky berena" ʻaʻole ia he inoa ʻuala. Akā, ʻaʻole i puka kuhihewa ka moʻolelo e pili ana i kēia mahiʻai. I kēia lā ʻo kēia ʻoihana kekahi o nā mea holomua loa i ka hana ʻana i nā mea kanu a me nā ʻuala ma ka ʻāina ʻo Penza. Hele mai nā kānaka i ʻaneʻi e aʻo mai nā mahiʻai mai nā wahi a pau. A ʻo kēia ʻoiai ʻo ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻuala ma kēia mau ʻāina no ka makahiki ʻelua wale nō.
ʻO ke poʻo o ka ʻoihana ulu mea kanu o ka ʻoihana mahiʻai, ʻo Sergei Shcheglov, e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka mōʻaukala o ka ʻoihana a me ke ʻano o ka ulu ʻana i kēia manawa.
- I ka wā mua, ʻo ka ʻoihana Bashmakovsky Bread kahi ʻāpana o kahi hui paʻa i hāʻawi iā Penza me ka berena. I ka makahiki 2000, ua hoʻolako ka ʻoihana mahiʻai i nā mea maka (palaoa) i ʻelua mau hale ʻai nui. Akā ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa mālie ʻo ia i ka ʻenehana o ka ulu ʻana i nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe, e koho ana i nā mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi: beets, malting bale, kulina a, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻuala.
- I ka manawa hea i hoʻomaka ai ka "pae ʻuala" ma kāu mahiʻai?
ʻO ka manawa mua i kanu ʻia ai ka ʻuala i ka makahiki 2013. Ka hopena (hua - 500 c/ha) ʻoluʻolu iā mākou; ua maopopo maoli mākou e uku ka hoʻopukapuka i ka manawa pōkole. I kēia makahiki, ua noho ka mahiʻai i 400 mau ʻeka no ka ʻuala. ʻAʻole hiki ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka mea e hiki mai ana, akā manaʻo mākou e hoʻokaʻawale mākou ma kahi o 1,5 tausani heka.
- Ke ulu nei ʻoe i ka ʻuala me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana ikaika, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka irrigation?
- ʻAʻole ʻo Penza kahi o nā ʻāina maloʻo, akā aia nā hiʻohiʻona climatic: i ka wā ulu ʻaʻole lawa ka wai, e hoʻopilikia nui i ka hua a me ka maikaʻi o ka huahana. Mālama ka wai i kēia mau pilikia, no laila mākou e hoʻolālā e hoʻoinu i nā mea āpau a mākou e kanu ai. I kēia manawa, hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā palapala no kahi papahana e hoʻokomo i kahi ʻōnaehana reclamation ma kahi o 1,43 tausani mau ʻeka, a i ka wā e hiki mai ana - ma kahi o 5 tausani mau ʻeka.
– He aha ke ʻano ʻuala āu e hana ai?
- Ke ʻano o ka mea kūʻai e makemake ai e loaʻa. He maʻalahi ka ʻike ʻana i nā noi; paʻi mau ʻia nā hopena o nā noiʻi o nā mea kūʻai aku ma ka Pūnaewele. Makemake nā wahine wahine maʻamau i ka ʻuala i holoi ʻia i loko o ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi (2-3-4 kg). Koho kekahi poʻe i nā ʻuala me ka ʻili ʻulaʻula, a ʻo kekahi me ka ʻili keʻokeʻo; pono kekahi i ka ʻuala no ka palai ʻana, ʻo kekahi no ka ʻuala. Akā, he nīnau kēia o ka ʻokoʻa a mākou e hāʻawi ai. No nā mea kūʻai nui i ʻoi aku ka ʻoluʻolu e hana me nā ʻeke 25 kg, hāʻawi pū mākou i nā mea e pono ai lākou.
- Ke hana nei ʻoe me nā kaulahao kūʻai?
- ʻAe, he ala kūʻai hilinaʻi kēia. ʻO kahi ʻāpana o ka hōʻiliʻili hou, no ka laʻana, e hele i ke kaulahao o nā hale kūʻai ʻo Magnit o ka hui ZAO Tander (i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka makahiki ua kau inoa lākou i kahi ʻaelike no ka hoʻolako ʻana i 5 tausani mau ʻuala). Eia kekahi, e hoʻomaka ana mākou i kēia makahiki ke ulu nei mākou i nā ʻano chip no ka hui Frito Lay. He papahana hoʻokele kēia, akā hoihoi loa iā mākou.
- ʻIke loa, hiki iā ʻoe ke ulu i ka ʻuala kiʻekiʻe! Hana ʻoe no kēlā mau hoa koi.
- Ke piha ka mākeke me nā waiwai, koho nā mea kūʻai a pau i ka mea maikaʻi loa, loaʻa i nā mea āpau nā koi koʻikoʻi, ʻoiai nā mea kūʻai aku kūʻai nui. Hoʻāʻo mākou e hoʻohālikelike iā lākou.
ʻO kēlā mau mea hana i loaʻa ka pae ʻokoʻa o ka maikaʻi e ʻike pū i kā lākou mea kūʻai aku, akā ʻokoʻa ka palena kālā.
– Ma hea ʻoe e mālama ai i nā mea kanu?
"Ua ʻike koke mākou ʻaʻole e hoʻi hou ʻia ma ka mākeke "wild", a ma 2013 ua kūkulu mākou i kahi hale mālama meaʻai me ka nui o 2,5 tausani tons. A laila ʻelua mau hangar o ka leo like.
Hoʻolako ʻia me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, ka holoi ʻana, nā mea hoʻopihapiha: koʻikoʻi ke ʻano o ka huahana!
Ke hana nei mākou i kēia manawa i ka hoʻokō ʻana i kahi papahana no ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi kikowaena logistic me ka nui o 180 tausani tons o ka waiho ʻana i hoʻokahi manawa.
ʻO ke kikowaena logistics he 12 mau modula, kēlā me kēia mea i hoʻolālā ʻia no 15,0 tausani tons o ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻuala a me nā hale mālama ʻeono i hui pū ʻia e kahi hale kiʻi, kahi e mālama ai i nā mea ʻenehana no ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻuala no ka mālama ʻana a me kahi laina no ka holoi ʻana a ʻuala paʻa.
– Me he mea lā, e loli ka nui o ka hana ʻuala?
- Ma ka 2018, e hoʻonui mākou i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻuala pāʻoihana i 212 tausani tons (ma kahi o 5,3 tausani heka).
Eia kekahi, e ho'āʻo mākou e ulu i kā mākou mau hua ponoʻī: hoʻolaha i ka elite a hiki i ka hana mua. Ka papahana haʻahaʻa: hāʻawi i kāu mahiʻai me nā mea kanu. Akā inā loaʻa iā mākou kahi ʻohi o ka maikaʻi maikaʻi, a aia kahi koi no kā mākou hua, e hauʻoli mākou e hāʻawi iā lākou i nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe. Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā helu, hāʻawi ka papahana e hiki iā mākou ke ulu a hiki i 17,5 tausani tons o ka ʻuala hua ma kahi o 700 mau ʻeka.
-ʻAʻole ʻoe e hoʻololi i ka inoa? Ma ka liʻiliʻi loa no ka "Bashmakovsky Second Bread"?
- He inoa kaulana kēia. Eia kekahi, e hoʻomohala ʻia nā wahi ʻē aʻe o kā mākou hana. Makemake mākou e hoʻolako i kahi ākea o nā mea kanu: beets, aniani, kāloti - ka "borscht set" maʻamau. Loaʻa iā mākou nā mana āpau no kēia.
Yulia Zamulina, Kakauolelo paʻi o ke Kuhina Mahiai o ka ʻĀina Penza
- Ke hoʻokō nei ʻo CJSC "Bashmakovsky Bread" i kahi papahana nui a koʻikoʻi loa no ka ʻāina - "Ka hana ʻana i kahi kikowaena logistic a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka hana ʻuala ma ka ʻāina ʻo Penza."
ʻO ke kumukūʻai i manaʻo ʻia o ka papahana he 5,47 biliona rubles (ʻo ia nā kālā ponoʻī a ʻaiʻē). ʻO ka huina kālā i ka hoʻokō ʻana i kēia papahana mai ʻAukake 28, 2014 he 55 miliona mau rubles.
Ke ulu nei ka papahana ma ka wikiwiki, a ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei mākou e hoʻohana pono ʻia ka ʻike o Bashmakovsky Bread i nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe o ka ʻāina. I ka waena o Mei o kēia makahiki, ua hoʻoholo ka Ministry of Agriculture o Penza Region e paʻa i kahi papa master no nā mea hana mahiʻai ma ke kumu o kēia ʻoihana ma ke kumuhana: "Ka hana ʻana i nā ʻuala me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana koʻikoʻi." Ua mālama ʻia ka papa haku ma ke kula, me ka hōʻike ʻana i nā mīkini mahiʻai a me nā ʻano hana o ke kahua. Ua loaʻa i nā malihini o ka hanana ka ʻike piha e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana i ka lepo, ke kanu ʻia ka ʻuala, pehea e hoʻokō ʻia ai ka wai, he aha nā mea kanu a me nā huahana pale mea kanu e hoʻohana ʻia. Ua ʻike nā ʻelele o ka mahiʻai ʻaʻole mālama ka ʻoihana i nā mīkini mahiʻai, nā mea kanu - ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ka pili pono ʻana i ka ʻenehana. A noʻonoʻo ʻo ia i ka waiwai nui a me ka maikaʻi o nā kumuwaiwai kālā e lilo i mea hoʻopukapuka i nā limahana: "No ka mea, lawelawe ʻia nā mea āpau e nā kānaka, e ka hana kanaka."
ʻO ka uku maʻamau ma ka ʻoihana i ka makahiki i hala aku nei he 25 tausani rubles; ma ke ʻano o ka papahana "Ka hana ʻana i kahi kikowaena logistics a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka hana ʻuala ma ka ʻāina ʻo Penza," hoʻolālā ka hui e hana i 2018 mau hana hou ma 336. A he hopena pilikanaka kēia, e hōʻoia ana i ka hana o ka heluna kanaka, ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā wahi kuaʻāina.