MA KA HANA HANA ANA I POTATO BREEDING I KA NOVOSIBIRSK REGION
No ke aha i hoʻohiwahiwa ai nā ʻano ʻuala e Novosibirsk? He aha nā hana a ka poʻe ʻepekema e hoʻonoho ai iā lākou iho i kēia lā? Pehea lākou e loiloi ai i nā prospect o kā lākou hana?
Ua haʻi aku ka puke pai "Potato System" i kēia mau nīnau āpau i ka loea kaulana i ka ʻuala, ke alakaʻi alakaʻi o ka Federal Research Center "Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the SB RAS", ka moho o ka mahiʻai mahiʻai Nikolai Polukhin.
I ka 1978, ua hana nā mea hānai Siberian i ka ʻano LINA: kiʻekiʻe-hoʻohua ʻana a kūlike ʻole i ka pale maʻi ākea. ʻO nā mea kanu o kēia ʻano e koi nui ʻia, ʻaneʻane "ma ke kumulāʻau" i kūʻai ʻia e nā mahiʻai ʻo Far Hikina (ʻo ia hoʻi, mai ka moku ʻo Amur). Wahi a nā mahiʻai, ʻo Lina wale nō ka mea hiki ke kū i ka ukana kai: ka nui o ka ua, ka wela kiʻekiʻe mau a, e like me ka hopena o ke ahi.
I ʻelima mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻokoʻa SAFO... Ua hōʻoia maikaʻi loa ia i ka wā e ulu ana ma nā kihi pilikino: ʻono, nā tubers nui. Ua lawe ka poʻe noho kauwela me ka hauʻoli.
Akā ʻo kēia mau ʻano ʻelua i ke kakahiaka nui, a ma nā kūlana Siberian, makemake nui ʻia nā mea mua. JNA: hana ia i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana e Iulai 20, no ke aniau kūloko kahi hopena maikaʻi loa kēia. ʻO ka hopena hou aʻe o nā mea hoʻohua Novosibirsk ka ʻano ZLATKA: waena kau, me ka ʻono maikaʻi loa (Aia ʻo Adretta i loko o kona koko, a he alakaʻi alakaʻi ʻole ʻia kēia e pili ana i ka ʻono). He hua kiʻekiʻe pū kekahi.
- Nikolai Ivanovich, he hua nui anei kaʻuala no ka moku ʻo Novosibirsk?
He mea nui kaʻuala no Rūkia holoʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole ia no ka mea ʻole a lākou i kapa ai "ka lua o ka berena". A no ka poʻe noho ma Siberia a me ka Hikina Hikina, lawelawe pinepine ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he berena mua. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻai o kaʻuala ma kēia mau ʻāina ma mua o ka Urals a me ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o ka ʻāina.
ʻIke wau i ka ulu ʻana o kaʻuala ʻono loa ma Siberia, ʻoiai ke ʻoluʻolu ke ʻano o ko mākou wahi no ka hana ʻana. Akā ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi o nā koi no ka huahana.
- Loaʻa i nā mea hānai kahi mea e hana ai?
ʻOiaʻiʻo. A ua nānā nui mākou i kēia kuhikuhi. Ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka ʻuala ma ka moku ʻo Novosibirsk ma mua o kanalima mau makahiki i hala. Ua hoʻomaka kēia hana ma ke kula, ʻo Galina Petrovna Shushakova.
- Ke hoʻāʻo nei nā mahiʻai he nui i nā kūlana o kēia au e hoʻopili i nā koina o nā kaulahao a me ke koho ʻana i kahi ʻano e nānā i ka helehelena, kūpono no ka mālama wā lōʻihi, ʻaʻole i ka ʻono o nā tubers Lawe paha nā mea hānau Novosibirsk i kēia ʻano?
No kekahi manawa lōʻihi, ʻaʻole nānā kā mākou hānau ʻana i nā pae kūwaho (ʻano tuber, ʻili o ka ʻili, hohonu o nā maka), no laila, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā ʻano kūloko i nā hoʻokūkū haole ʻoi aku ka "nani".
I kēia manawa ke hoʻāʻo nei nā mea hoʻohua e mālama i nā pono o kaʻuala Siberian, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi "kalepa" liʻiliʻi i ka waihona puaʻa. No laila, aia nā ʻano Sokur a me Adar ma lalo o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana. ʻO nā mea ʻono a nani hoʻi, lana ko mākou lana no lākou.
Ke hoʻomākaukau nei mākou i ʻelua mau ʻano hoʻohiki hou aʻe no ka hoʻoili ʻana no nā hoʻokolohua like ʻole ma 2021: Alka a me hybrid 154 (ʻaʻole mākou i ʻike i kahi inoa).
- He aha nā palena ʻē aʻe e ʻokoʻa ai nā ʻano Siberian hou?
Ke hana nei mākou e ʻike i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻia o kā mākou ʻano e ka hua kiʻekiʻe, ka ʻono maikaʻi loa, ke kūpaʻa maʻi, kūpono no ka mālama wā lōʻihi.
- Hoʻolālā ʻia e kūkulu i kahi mea kanu no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana o ka ʻoihana ma ka moku ʻo Novosibirsk PepsiCo... ʻO kēia ke koi ʻana o nā ʻano no ka hana ʻana. ʻO kēia kekahi ʻāpana nui no ka hānai ʻana i ka ʻāina?
ʻO kā mākou laina o nā ʻano e pili ana i nā mea kūpono no ka hana ʻana i nā uala maloʻo a me nā ʻāpana: Sappho, Zlatka, Lina. A, ʻoiai, e hoʻomau ka hana ma kēia ala, ʻoiai e pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole no ka hana ʻana he hana paʻakikī loa ia.
- ʻO ka Siberian Research Institute o Plant Production a me Breeding kahi lālā o ka Federal Research Center "Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS". Ua loli paha kekahi mea i ka hana a nā mea hānai o ke keʻena noiʻi ma hope o ke komo ʻana i ka Federal Research Center?
No nā makahiki he nui, ua hānai ʻia ka hana hānau ma ke keʻena noiʻi i kahi ala kuʻuna, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ia i ka hybridization interspecific a me intraspecific. I kēia manawa ua neʻe mākou i kahi pae kiʻekiʻe. Me nā limahana o ka hale hoʻoponopono hoʻoponopono genomic o ka Institute of Cytology a me Genetics, hoʻohana mākou i nā ʻano o ke koho ana i nā mākala. Ke noi nei i kēia mau hana i ka wikiwiki e hāʻawi i nā hopena. Manaʻo wau e hoʻāʻo ana mākou i kēia makahiki i nā hybrids mua i hana ʻia me kēia ʻenehana.
- Kaulana ka Institute Siberian Research Institute o ka ulu ʻana i nā mea kanu a me ka hoʻouluulu no kāna hōʻiliʻili waiwai o nā ʻano ʻuala. E haʻi hou mai iā mākou e pili ana.
ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hōʻiliʻili nui o nā laʻana mua e ʻae iā mākou e alakaʻi i nā hana hānau hānau hou a me kahi pae kiʻekiʻe loa. ʻO kā mākou hōʻiliʻili helu 338 in vitro Eia kekahi laʻana, aia he 185 mau ʻano, a ʻo ia 95 i hoʻoponopono hou ʻia. Hoʻohana pū mākou i nā "savage" i ke koho ʻana, a he 35 mau laʻana. Mālama pū mākou he 135 mau laʻana mai ka hōʻiliʻili VIR (nā laʻana i loaʻa ma lalo o ka papahana KNTP "Hoʻomohala ʻana i ke koho a me nā hana hua ma Rūsia").
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā kumuwaiwai o kā mākou hōʻiliʻili e nā mea hoʻolaha o nā ʻepekema ʻepekema o ka Siberian Federal District (Omsk, Kemerovo, Tomsk, Krasnoyarsk, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), inā makemake lākou i kekahi ʻano ma ka vitro, hiki iā mākou ke hāʻawi ʻaneʻane i kēlā me kēia kauoha.
- Loaʻa i nā mea hānai SibNIIRS nā hua uala reproductive kiʻekiʻe. Pehea e kūʻai ʻia ai kēia huahana?
Hoʻonui mākou i nā mea kanu i ka super-super-elite a kūʻai aku i kēia huahana i nā mahi hua wale nō. Ma ka moku ʻo Novosibirsk hui pū mākou me ka ʻoihana Agros a me kāna ʻimi noiʻi a me nā hana o ka Michurinets SPH. Hāʻawi pū mākou i nā hua i nā ʻoihana ʻanoʻano ma ka Teritori Altai a me Primorye.
Ke kanu nei mākou i kaʻuala hua o kā mākou ʻano Lina a me Zlatka no ke kūʻai aku. Hoʻomaka mākou e hoʻonui iā Sokur i kahi liʻiliʻi (manaʻo mākou e zoned ʻia ia). Hoʻohui, hoʻonui mākou i nā ʻano i koi ʻia i waena o nā mea mahi ʻuala ma ka ʻāina a me nā māla: ʻo Rosara, Red Scarlett, Adretta, kahi a kā mākou keʻena i hoʻokumu ai. Kūʻai aku mākou i nā mea kiʻekiʻe wale nō i hōʻoia ʻia (hāʻawi ʻia nā palapala hōʻoia e ka Lūkini Mahiai Lūkini e pili ana i nā hopena o ka hoʻopili ʻana PCR o nā tubers). Me ka ʻole o kēia, ma hea ʻole. He koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi kā mākou i nā lula ma Siberia.
- Ke Siberian Research Institute o Plant Production a me Breeding kahi lālā o ka subprogram "Hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka ʻuala a me ka hana ʻana i nā hua ma ka Russian Federation" o ka Federal Scientific and Technical Program no ka Hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mahiʻai no 2017-2025. E haʻi iā mākou i nā hana e kū nei i nā mea hānai a he aha ke koʻikoʻi o ke komo ʻana i kēia subprogram no ke kula.
ʻO kā mākou hana nui: hana i nā ʻano hua kiʻekiʻe me nā ʻano e kū pono i nā hana i kēia manawa a me nā koina e pono ai, mālama a hoʻonui i ka hōʻiliʻili no ke koho. ma ka vitro a i loko vivo iecaianoaaiiie o ka hoʻomaka mea (minitubers) ma aeroponic a me hydroponic mea hoʻonoho i kahi nui e hōʻoia i ka hana ʻana i nā hua (ma 2019 - 20 tausani ʻāpana; ma 2020 - 23 tausani ʻāpana, ma 2021 - 25 tausani ʻāpana); e hōʻoia ana i ka hana ʻana i kaʻuala hua o ka mahele super-super-elite (ma 2020 - 48 mau tona, i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana - 50 mau tona).
Hiki iaʻu ke hoʻomaopopo he mea nui ka hoʻokō ʻana o ka subroutine na mākou. I ka lilo ʻana i poʻe komo, ua loaʻa iā mākou ke kākoʻo ikaika mai ka mokuʻāina. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ke kālā hāʻawi kālā e hōʻano hou i nā pono a me nā kumuhana ʻenehana: kūkulu hou lākou i ka hale hōʻikeʻike biotechnological, hoʻonohonoho i nā mea kanu aeroponic a me hydroponic no ka hana ʻana i nā minitubers, nā mea ʻoki i kūʻai ʻia, nā mea moe, nā mea kanu, a me kahi hui. Ke hoʻopau nei mākou i kēia manawa i ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi wahi e mālama ai i kēia ao. Mālama ʻia ka hānau uala ma SibNIIRS i kēia mau lā i ka pae o ka wā hou, a ke manaʻo nui nei ka poʻe ʻepekema e mālama nui ʻia ana kaʻuala ma ko mākou ʻāina.
LINA
Papa kau waena. Nā hua kūʻai hiki ke kūʻai ʻia 213-496 c / ha. ʻOval kōpala. Liʻiliʻi nā maka i ka helu, waena hohonu. Keʻokeʻo ka pulp. ʻO ka nuipaʻa o ka paipu mākeke ʻo 105-250 g. Maʻalahi ka meli, melemele. Kahi maʻi 11,2-18,5%.
Kūpaʻa i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻuala a me nā phytophthorosis i nā piko a me nā paipu. Hiki i ka nematode uala gula.
Kūpono nā paipu no ka hana ʻana i ka ʻuala maloʻo a me nā ʻāpana.
SAFO
Papa kau waena. Nā hua kūʻai hiki ke kūʻai ʻia 183-395 c / ha. Oval ka tuber me nā maka liʻiliʻi. Mālamalama ka ʻili he beige māmā. Paʻa ka pulp. ʻO ka nui o ka tuber mākeke ʻo 111-232 g.ʻO ka mea i loko o ka starch he 12,7-16,7%.
Kūpaʻa i ka causative agena o kaʻuala maʻi 'aʻai, golden potato cyst nematode, wrinkled and banded mosaic, leaf-rolling virus. Kūpono nā paipu no ka hana ʻana i ka ʻuala maloʻo a me nā ʻāpana.
ʻO Zlatka ʻano ʻAno Sokur
ZLATKA
ʻAno waena kau. Nā hua kūʻai hiki ke kūʻai ʻia 162-406 c / ha.
Hoʻopuni ʻia ka paipu me ka hohonu o nā maka. Melemele ka peel. Mālamalama ka pulp. ʻO ka nui o ka tuber kalepa ʻo 109-160 g.ʻO ka starch maʻiʻo 15,7-18,0%.
Kūpaʻa i ka maʻi ʻaʻaʻu, mosaic wrinkled a me ka maʻi wili lau. Hiki ke maʻalahi ʻia i nā piko a kūpaʻa kūpono i ka hopena o nā ʻōpū. Hoʻopilikia ʻia e kahi nematode.
Kūpono nā paipu no ka hana ʻana i ka ʻuala maloʻo a me nā ʻāpana.
SOKURA
Papa kau waena. Aia ia ma lalo o nā hoʻokolohua ʻano mokuʻāina.
ʻO ka tuber he oval i ke ʻano, me nā maka superficial. ʻUlaʻula ka peel. Melemele ka pulp.
Loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻike starch kiʻekiʻe a kūpaʻa i nā maʻi viral.
JNA
ʻAno pala mua. Nā hua kūʻai hiki ke kūʻai ʻia 196-360 c / ha.
Hoʻopuni ʻia ka tuber me nā maka liʻiliʻi. Mālamalama ka ʻili he beige māmā. Mālamalama ka pulp. ʻO ka paona kūmaka kaupaona 110-200 g.
Kumukūʻai maʻiʻo 14,3-15,1%.
Kūpaʻa i ka causative agena o kaʻuala maʻi 'aʻai, golden potato cyst nematode, wrinkled and banded mosaic, leaf-rolling virus.