Loaʻa i nā mea hana ʻuala ma Kyrgyzstan ka mana nui a lākou i ʻike ʻole ai. ʻO nā kuʻuna mahiʻai i nā kenekulia, ke komo nui ʻana o ka heluna kanaka i ka hana mahiʻai, makemake i ka loaʻa kālā paʻa - kōkua kēia mau mea i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻuala ma ka repubalika.
Nā pahuhopu kiʻekiʻe
Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka ʻuala ʻo ia ka meaʻai maikaʻi loa no ka mahi ʻana i nā kūlana o ka Kyrgyz Republic (KR). I kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻoi aku ka nui o 74 miliona mau toni o nā ʻuala i ulu ʻia ma ka ʻāina ma kahi o 1,25 tausani heka. ʻO kēia, 45% koe no ka ʻai ʻana i ka home, 20-25% i hoʻohana ʻia no nā hua a hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka nui like, a hoʻohana ʻia ke koena 4-5% no ka hānai.
"ʻO ka ʻuala kekahi o nā mea kanu nui e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā pahuhopu i ke kahua o ka hoʻomohala mau ʻana o ka repubalika," wahi a ka luna o ka hui hui "Potatoes of the Kyrgyz Republic", ka mea hoʻokumu a hoʻokumu i ka AgroWay Holding. Kayyrkul Kazylaeva. - Aia kēia mau pahuhopu i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka ʻilihune a me ka pōloli, ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka hana, a me ka ulu waiwai.
ʻO ka nui o ka ʻāpana ma lalo o ka ʻuala mai 2018 a 2022 ua hoʻemi ʻia e 14,7%, ua emi ka nui o ka hana, akā ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hua e 2,2%. Wahi a ka ʻikepili kūhelu mai ka National Statistical Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic, ʻo kona awelika mai 16,8 a 17,2 t/ha. Eia naʻe, e like me ka ʻike mai ka poʻe mahiʻai ma nā ʻāina ʻo Issyk-Kul a me Chui, ʻo ka hua o ka hua mai 30 a 55 t / ha. A ma nā ʻāina ʻo Jalal-Abad, Osh a me Batken, hōʻiliʻili nā mea mahiʻai mai 20 a 35 tons no ka ʻeka.
Hōʻike nā ʻikepili i ka nui o ka nui o ka ʻuala i ka repubalika i ulu ʻia ma ka ʻāina ʻo Issyk-Kul - 35%, ʻo Talas a me Osh no 15% a me 16%, Chui a me Jalal Abad - 10% a me 13%, Naryn a me Batken. 8% a me 3% pakahi.
He mea ia nona iho
Ma muli o ke ʻano kūlohelohe a me ke anuanu o Kyrgyzstan, nui ka poʻe mahiʻai e nānā i ka ulu ʻana i nā mea kanu. A kūʻai pinepine ʻia nā huahana pāʻoihana ma ke ʻano he "hua-hua" o ka hana.
"Ua hana mākou i kēia mea kanu mai ka pūnāwai o 2018," wahi a ka luna o Seed Potato LLC. Kurmanbek Otorov, - a i kēia kau ua mahi lākou i kahi o 24 mau ʻeka. I ka makahiki maikaʻi, eli maʻamau mākou i 20-25 tons o nā ʻuala no ka ʻeka. Akā inā hiki mai nā hau i ke kauwela, hiki ke hāʻule ka hua i 16-17 tons. Ma luna o ʻelima mau makahiki, ua lilo nā mea kanu ʻuala ma Kyrgyzstan a me nā repubalika e pili ana i kā mākou mea kūʻai maʻamau. ʻO nā ʻuala nui aʻe i kūpono ʻole i ke kanu ʻia ke kūʻai ʻia aku i ka lehulehu no ka meaʻai. Loaʻa iā mākou kahi hale mālama ʻuala hou i hoʻolālā ʻia no ʻelua kaukani toni i ka nui a me 1,5 tausani toni i loko o nā ʻeke. Ua kūkulu ʻia me nā kālā mai ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ka ʻoihana, ʻo ka hui Lūkini ʻo Volovskaya Tekhnika LLC. Hoʻopiha ʻia ka hale kūʻai i ka hoʻomaka o ʻOkakopa, a laila kūʻai ʻia nā ʻuala pāʻoihana i ka wā hoʻoilo, ʻoi loa ma ka mākeke kūʻai nui. Kūʻai ʻia nā mea kanu ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kanu ʻana i ka waena waena o Mei.
"Ke hana nei kaʻu mahiʻai me nā ʻano ʻuala elite mai ka makahiki 2017," wahi a ka mea kālepa. Omar Sheshanlo. - Hana ʻia ka hana hua ma kahi o 23 mau ʻeka. ʻO ka hua ma kahi o 30-35 tons no ka ʻeka, akā ma ka hana ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua me nā ʻano like ʻole, ua pālua wau i kēia helu. Hoʻouna wale ʻia nā reproductions mua a me ka lua no ke kūʻai aku, a ma waena o nā mea kūʻai aku nā mea kanu mea kanu mai ka ʻāina āpau o Central Asia. ʻO kekahi o nā kuʻuna i mālama ʻia ma koʻu awāwa ʻo Chui ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻuala nui no ke kanu ʻana i nā mea kanu. Ua ʻoki nā mea hana i nā ʻuala i mau ʻāpana, e like me kā ko mākou poʻe kūpuna i hana ai i 150 mau makahiki i hala, ka mea i ʻōlelo: "Inā kanu ʻoe i ka uala nui, e ulu nui ia." No laila, hoʻāʻo wau e ulu i nā hua o ka hakina 6+. Ua kūkulu ʻia ka hale mālama meaʻai ma ka mahiʻai i ka wā Soviet, akā hoʻoponopono maikaʻi ia i kāna hana. Ma ʻaneʻi, ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kau hou, aia ma kahi o 500-600 tons o nā mea kanu no kā mākou pono ponoʻī.
ʻOiai ʻaʻole maikaʻi ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻuala ma ka ʻāina ʻo ʻAsia Waena, aia kekahi mau mahiʻai kūikawā i kēia wahi.
"Ua hōʻike ʻia kā mākou hui ma 1997 ma ke ʻano he hale hana liʻiliʻi no ka hana ʻana i nā chips, i wehe ʻia e nā kāne ʻo Joseph lāua ʻo Nina Menhus," i wehewehe ai ka luna hoʻokele o ka mahiʻai ʻo Kirby. Alexander Kolodyazhny. - ʻO kā lākou hui ʻana i kekahi mau makahiki ma hope mai me ka mea nona ka hui ʻo Agrarfrost, e hana ana i ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka ʻuala ma Kelemānia, ua lilo ia i mea pōʻino. Ua hoʻoholo ʻo Reinold Stover e kākoʻo i kāna mau hoa hoʻomaka ma o ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā lako ʻenehana no ka mahi ʻana i ka ʻuala a me nā hua o nā ʻano like ʻole. Ua hoʻouna ʻia ke poʻo agronomist o ka hui, ʻo Jürgen Bruer, i ka mahiʻai a aʻo iā mākou pehea e ulu ai i ka ʻuala. A i kēia lā, ʻo kā mākou hui kekahi o nā alakaʻi i waena o ka poʻe loea i ka hana ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i ka ʻuala ma ka repubalika. Mai kahi o 150 mau ʻeka e loaʻa iā mākou nā lako maka no kā mākou hale hana ponoʻī e hana ana i nā ʻōpala a me nā mauʻu. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kekahi 50 no ka hana hua. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hua ʻai ma mua o 40 tons no ka ʻeka. A hiki i kā mākou hale kūʻai ke mālama i nā huahana mahiʻai me ka nalowale ʻole o ka maikaʻi a hiki i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana.
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻole ʻia
Ma nā ʻāpana o ka puʻu o ka repubalika, aia ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 1,5-3,2 tausani mau mika ma luna o ka ʻilikai, ʻike ʻia nā kūlana maikaʻi loa no ka ʻuala hua. ʻOiai i ke kauwela wela, noho mālie ka lewa ma ʻaneʻi a ʻaʻohe ʻiʻo e lawe i nā maʻi viral.
"Eia naʻe, i kēia lā ma Kyrgyzstan ʻaʻohe hana hoʻohua, ʻaʻohe hoʻokahi in vitro laboratory," wahi a Kayyrkul Kazylaeva. - ʻO nā mahiʻai kūikawā, hiki ke helu ʻia ma ka lima hoʻokahi, kūʻai i nā mea elite ma ʻEulopa, hoʻonui a kūʻai aku i nā mea hana ʻuala. Hāʻawi lākou i nā hua o nā ʻano mua, waena a me nā ʻano hope no ka mākeke kūloko a me nā huahana hoʻokuʻu aku.
- ʻO ka makahiki i hala aku nei, ua lawe ʻia ma kahi o hoʻokahi kaukani mau elite i loko o ka ʻāina, wahi a Alexander Kolodyazhny. - Ke hana mau ʻia kēlā mau hoʻopuka, akā manaʻo wau pono mākou i kā mākou ʻoihana ponoʻī o ka hana hua mua. He wahi hoʻokūkū nui kēia, a he mea paʻakikī ke hoʻokūkū me nā huahana i hala ma ka mākeke. Akā me ka ʻole o ke koho ʻana i ka home a me nā ʻano ʻano huahana kūloko, ʻaʻole mākou e kūleʻa maoli.
"Ke kūʻai nei mākou i nā mea kanu elite ma Netherlands," haʻi ʻo ia i kāna ʻike Kurmanbek Otorov, - a ma Rusia, ma ka ʻāina ʻo Krasnodar. A laila hoʻolaha mākou i kā mākou māla a hiki i ka hānau mua a me ka lua. ʻIke mākou i ke kuleana nui i loaʻa iā mākou, mālama mākou i nā kaʻina hana ʻenehana āpau. Hele pinepine nā mea nānā i ka mahiʻai a hana i ka hoʻāʻo a me ka hōʻoia ʻana i nā huahana. Hoʻomaka pū mākou e hoʻolaha i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hua maikaʻi a mālama i nā hanana hoʻomaʻamaʻa no nā mahiʻai.
ʻO ke ala i ka mīkini
ʻO Central Asia kekahi o nā wahi i hiki ʻole ke loaʻa nā waiwai kiʻekiʻe i ka mahiʻai me ka ʻole o ka hoʻoulu ʻana o nā māla. ʻOi loa i ka wā e pili ana i nā mea kanu aloha wai.
"Ma kā mākou wahi, ʻaʻohe mea e ulu me ka wai ʻole," wahi a ka moʻolelo Alexander Kolodyazhny. - He mea makemake ia e hana mechanized irrigation: kāpīpī a kulu paha. Ua hoʻohana maikaʻi mākou i nā ʻōnaehana ʻelua, akā i kēia manawa ua haʻalele mākou i ka "lele". He hana koʻikoʻi a he kumu kūʻai ma lalo o nā kūlana o kēia manawa. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻohana mākou i nā mīkini hoʻoheheʻe pivot irrigation ākea ākea.
"ʻO ka hana ʻana i kahi ea wela kona mau ʻano ponoʻī," i hōʻoia ai Kurmanbek Otorov. - Ke hana nei mākou i ka wai me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi coil kahua, ka paila ʻana i ka wai i loko o ka ʻōnaehana irrigation mai nā loko i kū kokoke. I ka manawa like, hoʻohana mau ʻia ke ʻano hana manual, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā auwai. ʻAʻole hiki i nā mahiʻai a pau, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi, ke kūʻai aku i nā lako wai. No laila, he hoʻomaikaʻi koʻikoʻi kēia i ka moʻomeheu.
"Loaʻa iaʻu kaʻu papa hana hua ponoʻī," wehewehe Omar Sheshanlo, - e koi ana i ka wai pono a me kekahi mau hana mahiai. He ʻoihana agronomist wau a hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā ala maʻamau ʻole i ka ulu ʻana i ka ʻuala. No laila, i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka irrigation, ke ʻimi mau nei au i nā ala kūpono e kōkua ai i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka huahana.
ʻO ke kumuhana o ka mīkini mahiʻai ma Kyrgyzstan, kahi e laha mau nei ka hana lima, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea koʻikoʻi loa. Kūʻai nā mea kanu i nā mīkini pono a me nā ʻāpana, akā e noʻonoʻo ana i kā lākou hiki ke kālā.
"ʻO nā mea hana no ka mahi ʻana i ka ʻuala ma ka mahiʻai ʻo Rūsia ka nui," wahi a Kurmanbek Otorov. - He kūpono a hoʻokō i kā mākou mau koi āpau. Aia pū kekahi ʻelua mau tractor Belarusian a me nā ʻāpana Turkish: kahi ʻoki ʻoki a me kahi mea hoʻoulu.
"ʻO nā lako, nā māla a me nā lako hale kūʻai no ka hana ʻana i ka ʻuala ma kā mākou mahiʻai e hōʻike ʻia e nā hopena mai nā ʻoihana alakaʻi o Western," wahi a Alexander Kolodyazhny. - ʻAʻole mākou e ʻike i nā koho ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka pono a me ka hilinaʻi ma ka mākeke honua.
"Loaʻa iā mākou kahi mea kanu ʻuala i hana ʻia e Lūkini a me ka ʻeli ʻuala," wahi a mākou Omar Sheshanlo, – akā, e hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā ʻuala mai ka lepo ma ka lima. Hoʻokaʻawale nā limahana ma ka pūnaewele iā lākou i nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā hakina i mea e kūʻai pololei aku ai i nā huahana mai ke kula. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia ma mua o ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻohi i kahi hale kūʻai, hoʻokaʻawale iā ia ma laila a mālama ʻia a hiki i ka puna. ʻOiaʻiʻo, aia ka makemake e kūʻai i nā mea hana hou aku, akā pono kēia i ka hoʻopukapuka koʻikoʻi.
Ma o ka lanakila ana
"No ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka sub-industry i ka repubalika, pono ka launa pū ʻana ma waena o nā mahiʻai," manaʻoʻiʻo Alexander Kolodyazhny. - ʻO ka mea mua, ma muli o nā ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻāina. Ma muli o ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana, ua māhele ʻia ma kahi o hoʻokahi miliona mau ʻeka o ka ʻāina mahiʻai i mau ʻāpana. Ua lilo ka hapa nui o ka ʻāina i nā lima pilikino ma ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi, a i kekahi manawa a hiki i 100 mau mahiʻai liʻiliʻi e hana ana ma 200 mau ʻeka. A laila, pehea e hoʻoponopono ai i nā pilikia o ke kūkulu hale, hoʻonohonoho irrigation, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui? Ma ka hoʻohui wale ʻana.
"Ma waena o nā mea i kaupalena ʻia nā pilikia me ka hoʻokō," wahi a Omar Sheshanlo. – Ua kipa mai na Lunamakaainana o na oihana o na aina e i ko makou mahiai a ike i ka maikai o na anoano i ulu ma keia wahi. Ke hooikaika nei makou e hana ma ke ano e hoihoi ai i na kanaka mahiai mai na aina like ole mai. Akā i kēia manawa, nele mākou i nā mea hana no ka hoʻolaha huahana piha.
"He nui nā pilikia koʻikoʻi o ka ulu ʻana i ka ʻuala," wahi a ia Kayyrkul Kazylaeva. - No ka hoʻoponopono ʻana iā lākou, ke kamaʻilio ikaika nei mākou me nā luna a huki i nā loea mākeke mana loa. No ka laʻana, ke hui pū nei mākou me ka AgroWay Holding, e hana nei i ka ulu ʻuala a hāʻawi i nā lawelawe kūkākūkā i ka ʻoihana mahiʻai.
Cluster kuhikuhi
Ua ʻike ʻia ka hui hui "Potato KR" ma 2022 ma ke ʻano o nā ʻoihana mahiʻai kūloko, nā hui a me nā mahiʻai nui. "Ua hana ʻia ka pūʻulu ʻuala e hōʻoia i ka palekana o ka meaʻai o ka repubalika," i ʻōlelo ai Kaiyrkul Kazylaeva, - hoʻonui i ka hoʻokūkū ma o ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā hua, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o nā huahana mahiʻai, hoʻemi i nā kumukūʻai no ka poʻe mahiʻai ma ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā hana maikaʻi loa o ka honua. ʻIke ka hui i kāna hana ma ke ʻano he lobbying a me ka pale ʻana i ka pono o kona mau lālā ma ka ʻaha kānāwai, ʻauhau a me ka mākeke.
Hoʻohui ka hui ma mua o 200 mau mea komo a puni ka ʻāina, me nā mea hana o nā huahana pāʻoihana a me nā mea kanu. I kēlā me kēia makahiki, hana lākou a hiki i ka 100 tausani mau ʻuala papaʻaina a me ʻelima tausani mau hua o ka hua mua a me ka lua.
"Hoʻomau mākou i ka pilina mau me ka hoʻokele cluster," wahi a Alexander Kolodyazhny.- ʻO ka ʻoihana o kēia poʻe a me ka makemake i nā loli maikaʻi e hoʻoulu i ka mahalo. Ua hiki iā lākou ke hoʻonohonoho a hoʻohui i ka poʻe mahiʻai, maʻa i ka noho kaʻawale, e hoʻokō i ka pono maʻamau.
"He nui nā manawa kūpono o ka repubalika i ka ʻoihana mahiʻai," ua maopopo iaʻu Kayyrkul Kazylaeva. - Hiki iā mākou ke uhi piha i kā mākou mau pono no ka ʻuala a me nā ʻanoʻano (no ka mea i kēia manawa ke koho ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole). E hōʻoia i kā lākou lawe ʻana aku i Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Russia a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. Nui nā hana e hana ʻia, akā ʻaʻole makaʻu kēia iā mākou.
"Ke hana nei mākou i kēlā me kēia makahiki e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana pono a hoʻonui i nā hua hua," i hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai ʻo ia Kurmanbek Otorov. - Ua ʻike wau he mau manaʻolana maikaʻi ko mākou no ka wā e hiki mai ana. Aia nā mākeke nui a puni mākou e pono ai kā mākou huahana, a ua mākaukau mākou e hana ikaika e lanakila iā lākou.
Irina Berg