Wahi a ka National Fruit and Vegetable Union, ʻo 20-25% wale nō o nā ipu no ka mālama ʻana i nā mea kanu a me nā ʻuala mai ka huina o 6,9 miliona tons i loaʻa i ka ʻāina e hoʻokō i nā kūlana hou loa.
Wahi a APH Group (he mea hoʻolako i nā mea hana no ka ulu ʻana a mālama ʻana i ka ʻuala a me nā mea kanu), ʻaʻohe wahi e mālama ai ma kahi o 40-50% o nā huahana meaʻai i ulu ma Rūsia.
ʻO ka nui o nā keʻena mālama ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā mahiʻai nui a me nā paʻa mahiʻai. Akā ma ka laulā, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻāpana o nā mana hou i nā ʻoihana ulu ʻai āpau ma mua o 50%, wahi a ka luna kalepa ʻo APH Group Andrey Grobovoy. Ua kūkulu ʻia ka hapa nui o nā hale mālama mea kanu i ka wā Soviet; "Ua pau nā mea hana, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka automation kahiko, ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā paia, ʻaʻole kūpono lākou no ka mālama ʻana i ka wā lōʻihi," i hōʻoia ʻia ʻo Anna Peskisheva, ka luna nui o Agroline (hana i ka hoʻolālā, hana a me nā lako o nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanu. hale mālama hua).
No ka mālama lōʻihi me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, pono e hoʻolako ʻia nā keʻena mālama mea kanu me nā ʻōnaehana humidification kūpono a me nā mea hana refrigeration. ʻO nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokele microclimate mamao me nā koho like ʻole no ka mālama ʻana i nā helu waihona he ʻāpana nui o nā pahu ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe, haʻi aku ʻo Grobovoi iā Agroinvestor. Kūʻai nui nā mahiʻai liʻiliʻi i kā lākou huahana mai ka mahina ʻai, a i ʻole e mālama iā lākou i loko o nā wahi i lako ʻole ʻia, kahi e waiho ai nā mea kanu no ka lōʻihi o kekahi mau mahina a me nā poho kiʻekiʻe. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia nā huahana mea kanu me ka ʻole o ka mālama ʻana i ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe. "Hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka hale waihona me kahi panakō, kahi e waiho maoli ai ka poʻe mahiʻai i kā lākou kālā," wahi a ka luna kiʻekiʻe. "ʻO ka ʻokoʻa o ke kumukūʻai o nā mea kanu i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ʻohi ʻana a i ka pūnāwai hiki ke hiki i 100%."
Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hale mālama i kēia manawa e loaʻa koke ka waihona i kahi kiʻekiʻe. I ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana i kumukūʻai ma ke ʻano o ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka hana ʻana, he mea nui e pale aku i nā hewa e alakaʻi ai i nā poho koʻikoʻi a ʻaʻole e ʻae i nā kumukūʻai e ʻāpono ʻia. ʻO nā poho mai ka mālama pono ʻole, e like me ka APH Group, hiki ke koʻikoʻi - a hiki i 70%. ʻOi loa inā pilikia ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana a ua haʻahaʻa ka maikaʻi o ka huahana ma ke kahua o ke komo ʻana i ka hale mālama, ʻōlelo ʻo Grobovoy. Eia nō naʻe, inā e hahai ʻia nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a pau, ʻaʻole hiki ke pale ʻia kekahi mau poho huahana. "ʻO kahi hōʻailona maikaʻi a kūpono hoʻi nā poho ma kahi o 5-7%," wahi āna.
ʻAʻole hiki i kēlā me kēia mea mahiʻai ke kūʻai aku i ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi hale mālama mea kanu ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ke kumukūʻai o ka hiki ke pili i nā kumu he nui. ʻO kēia mau mea e pili ana i ka hoʻonohonoho hale, ke ʻano huahana a me ke ʻano ventilation. No ka laʻana, ʻo kahi ʻōnaehana ventila Dutch hilinaʻi, e like me Grobovoy, e kūʻai ʻia mai ka 1,5 rubles / kg ka waiho ʻana no ka ʻuala a hiki i 3,5 rubles / kg no nā aniani, me ke kumukūʻai o nā ʻōnaehana mālama maikaʻi e like me ka humidification, nā pū wela a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ke kumukūʻai o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe no nā kāloti a me ke kāpeti hiki ke piʻi i ka 8-10 rubles / kg o ka huahana. Ke mālama nei i loko o nā pahu, pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i kona kumukūʻai. Hiki ke kūʻai ʻia kahi pahu lāʻau kiʻekiʻe i hana ʻia mai ka lāʻau maloʻo no 4-5 tausani rubles. Loaʻa ma kahi o 0,9−1,3 tons o nā mea kanu. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai o nā ipu i kekahi manawa ma mua o ke kumukūʻai o nā mea hoʻokele ea, e kuhikuhi ana ka luna kiʻekiʻe.
ʻOkoʻa ke kumukūʻai o nā hale. Hiki i kēia mau mea ke hana i nā hale hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻole ma ke kumu kūʻai o 10-12 tausani rubles / m², a i ʻole nā hale i hana ʻia me nā papa metala a me nā panela sandwich, ʻoi aku ka nui o 50%. "Akā, ʻo kēia nā kumukūʻai hoʻokahi manawa no kahi hale mālama e hoʻomau i nā makahiki 25-30 a, ʻaʻole like me nā lako kahua, pono nā kumukūʻai liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana a me nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa," wahi a Grobovoy. I ka manawa like, hiki i nā mana hou ke uku iā lākou iho i hoʻokahi makahiki o ka hana, e pili ana i ke kūlana kumukūʻai.
Source: http://kvedomosti.ru