ʻAʻole ʻo ka ʻuala kahi mea kanu kuʻuna no Uzbekistan, ʻoiai ke noho nei lākou i kahi wahi koʻikoʻi i ka ʻai o kona poʻe kamaʻāina. Ke ulu nei ka heluna kanaka o ka ʻāina, a ke piʻi nei ka makemake no kēia huahana. A ke piʻi nui nei ka hana o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻuala.
Hana no ka hoʻolaha
ʻO ka ʻohi ʻuala nui ma Uzbekistan i ka makahiki 1990 he 300 tausani tons. I ka makahiki 2022, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana ma mua o 3,4 miliona tons, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻokō kēia leo i nā pono o ka repubalika. I kēia lā, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o 3,9 miliona mau ʻuala e pono ai e hoʻokō i kāna mau pono.
ʻOi aku ma mua o 80% o nā huahana i hoʻopau ʻia e ka heluna kanaka hiki ke ulu kūʻokoʻa. No laila, i ka makahiki i hala, ua loaʻa iā 1 miliona mau ʻuala mai nā ʻoihana mahiʻai, a me 2,4 miliona mau tons mai nā mahiʻai dekhkan (peasant) a me nā ʻāpana pilikino. Ua lawe ʻia mai ka 532 tausani tons mai Pakistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā mana o ka repubalika i kēia manawa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia o ka sub-industry. ʻO ka mea mua ka pono e hoʻonui i ka huahana hua. Ua kanu ʻia ka ʻuala ma ka ʻāina ma kahi o 253 tausani ʻeka, akā ma ka awelika he 16,3 tons o nā huahana i hōʻiliʻili ʻia mai kēlā me kēia ʻeka.
Hoʻopili ʻia ka mahi ʻuala me nā pilikia koʻikoʻi i koi ʻia e nā mahiʻai kūloko e lanakila. ʻO nā kumu pahuhopu ka maloʻo a me ka wela a me ka nele o nā kumu wai.
"Ma lalo o ia mau kūlana, hoʻopilikia ʻia ka ʻuala e nā maʻi he nui a me nā pests, e hōʻemi ana i ka hua o ka hua a hiki i kona make ʻana," wahi a Dr. Agricultural Sciences. ʻEpekema, Polofesa o ke Keʻena ʻOihana Hoʻoulu Mea kanu a me ka hana ʻana i nā meaʻai, Samarkand State University of Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry Ibrahim Ergashev. - Ua laha loa nā maʻi viral ma ka repubalika.
I ka manawa like, ua hāʻawi ke aniau i ka poʻe mahiʻai Uzbek i kahi manawa kūʻokoʻa e ulu i nā mea kanu i kā lākou mau māla kokoke i ka makahiki āpau.
"Ma ka hema, hoʻomaka ke kanu ʻana i nā mea kanu i Ianuali," wehewehe ka luna hoʻokele o ka hui Agrover. Farhod Takhirov, - a hoʻomau i nā wahi ʻē aʻe a hiki i ʻAukake. Hoʻomaka mākou e ʻohi i ka ʻuala mua loa i Mei, a e ʻeli i ka ʻuala hope i Dekemaba. Mahalo i ka wā lōʻihi, loaʻa iā mākou nā pōmaikaʻi hoʻokūkū koʻikoʻi a me nā manawa kūʻai nui.
ʻO kā mākou mea nui
Hoʻoholo ʻia ka pilikia o ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā hua i ka pae mokuʻāina, ma nā kahua o nā ʻoihana ʻepekema a me nā kahua hoʻokolohua.
"Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka hana ma ke koho ʻana i ka ʻuala a me ka hana ʻana i nā hua ma nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka repubalika, no ka laʻana, ma nā wahi ʻo Jizzakh a me Tashkent," wahi a ke kākau ʻōlelo ʻepekema o ka Research Institute (Research Institute) of Vegetables, Melons and Potatoes. Fakhriddin Rasulov. - I loko o kā mākou ʻoihana biotechnology, hoʻolaha ʻia nā ʻano ʻuala home, me Pskom, Serkhosil, Sarnav, Umid-2, Akrob a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā mini-tubers i loko o kahi hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe hou a laila hoʻolako ʻia i nā māla hua elite. I ka huina, ma ka hopena o 2023, hoʻolālā ka institute e ulu i 2,5 miliona mini-tubers.
Manaʻo ka poʻe loea e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā hua i ulu ʻia ma ka repubalika me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana hou i ka lepo kūloko a me nā kūlana climatic. Eia kekahi, ʻekolu manawa ka liʻiliʻi o lākou, hoʻohua i nā hua a hiki i 35-40 tons no ka ʻeka no 3-4 mau makahiki, a ʻaʻole hoʻi mai nā maʻi ʻino.
"Pono kēia i kahi ala kūikawā i ka ʻōnaehana hana hua, i hoʻomohala ʻia me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā kumu kūlohelohe a me agrobiological," wahi a Ibrahim Ergashev. - ʻAʻole i kaupalena ʻia ka hana a nā mea hoʻolale i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻano hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū. Pono nā kānaka ʻepekema e hāʻawi i nā ʻuala i ka poʻe mahiʻai kūʻē i nā pathogens.
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka makahiki, ua hoʻopiha hou ʻia ka papa inoa o nā hoʻokō hānau o ka repubalika. Ua kapa ʻia ka ʻano ʻuala ultra-early hou "Tashkent ertagisi" (Tashkent fairy tale).
"He 10-12 mau lā ma mua o kāna mau analogues," wahi a kekahi o nā mea kākau o ka ʻano like ʻole, ka luna o ka Research Institute of Vegetables, Melons and Potatoes. Rustam Nizamov, - koi i ka lepo momona loa, kū'ē i nā maʻi viral. ʻO ka wā ulu he 65-70 mau lā. ʻO ka hua i manaʻo ʻia mai ka 26,8-27,5 tons no ka ʻeka, a i ʻole 5-6 tons ʻoi aku ma mua o nā ʻano ʻano mua.
ʻO ka ʻano Bogizogon, i loaʻa i ka makahiki i hala e nā ʻepekema mai ka hale hoʻokolohua ʻepekema ma Samarkand, loaʻa nā ʻano like. I kēia manawa ke hoʻāʻo ʻia nei ma nā māla mahiʻai.
Mai Feruza a Adretta
Ma muli o ke aniau, ʻike ʻia ka poʻe mahiʻai ma Uzbekistan i nā ʻano like ʻole e ʻae maikaʻi i ka wela a ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa i ka hau. Aia ka State Register of Agricultural Crops he 150 mau ʻano ʻuala, 20 o ia mau mea i hana ʻia e nā ʻepekema kūloko.
Ua kaulana nā ʻano ʻano ʻāina e like me Akrab, Bakhro-30, Tuyimli, Feruza. A ma waena o nā haole, ʻo ka mea kaulana loa ʻo Arizona, Adretta, Red Oak, Kenibek.
"Ke hilinaʻi nei kā mākou mahiʻai i ka koho Dutch a me Kelemania," wahi a Farhod Takhirov, - a ke ulu nei mākou ma luna o 10 mau ʻano ʻuala. I kēlā me kēia makahiki, hana mākou i ka hana a me nā hoʻokolohua like ʻole, e hoʻopaʻa inoa ana ma kahi o 3-4 mau ʻano hou.
Pono ka repubalika ma kahi o 650 tausani toni o ka hua ʻuala i kēlā me kēia makahiki. I ka makahiki 2022, he 22 tausani tons wale nō i lawe ʻia mai i loko o ka ʻāina, ʻo ke koena i ulu ʻia ma nā māla hua a ma nā pā hale.
"Hoʻoikaika mākou e hoʻomohala i ka hua mua," wehewehe Farkhod ʻO Takhirov, - ua kūkulu mākou i kahi keʻena hana a ua hoʻomaka mākou e komo i ka microclonal propagation o nā ʻōpala. Akā ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea kanu ʻuala ke hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia me nā hua a puni ka repubalika ma o lākou iho. Ma Uzbekistan, ma muli o ka wela, he liʻiliʻi nā wahi kūpono no ka ulu ʻana iā lākou, a ma nā ʻāina kiʻekiʻe ka nele o nā ʻoihana. He ʻano hua haʻahaʻa ia e hoʻoulu ai i nā hua ʻilihune a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka mākeke o nā huahana mai nā mea hana liʻiliʻi.
Aloha holomua
Hiki i nā mīkini mahiʻai hou ke hoʻonui i nā kumukūʻai, hoʻonui i ka hua a me ka maikaʻi o ka ʻuala. Akā ʻo kāna kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe e kau i ke ala e holomua ai i ka hiki ʻole o nā haneli o nā mahiʻai.
"Ke hoʻoikaika nei ka hui Agrover e hoʻokomo i nā mīkini a me nā ʻāpana mai nā mea hana nui o ka honua i ka hana hana," wahi a ka ʻōlelo. Farhod Takhirov. "Akā he nui nā mahiʻai ma ka repubalika e hoʻohana mau ana i nā mea hana kahiko. A he kiʻekiʻe nō ka māhele o ka hana lima. Inā hoʻohana mau ʻia kekahi mau ʻano hana no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ke kaʻe o ka lālani, a laila e hana mau ʻia ke kanu ʻana a me ka ʻohi ʻana i nā mea kanu.
He kūlana koi ka irrigation no ka ulu ʻana i ka ʻuala ma Uzbekistan. A ʻo ke ʻano maʻamau o ka irrigation ka mea maʻamau - irrigation auwai. Me kāna kōkua, paʻakikī ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka mea kanu me ka nui o ka wai, a ʻaʻole piʻi ka hua o nā ʻuala ma luna o 20-25 tons no ka ʻeka.
"ʻO ia ke kumu ke hoʻololi nei mākou i nā ʻano hana irrigation hou aʻe," wahi a Farhod Takhirov. - Mahalo i ka pipi ʻana, hiki i kā mākou mahiʻai ke loaʻa i ka awelika o 30-40 tons o nā hua i kēlā me kēia ʻeka. A i ka nui loa - a hiki i 50-60 tons. Ua hoʻololi ʻia he 2,5 tausani ʻeka i ka ua irrigation.
I loko o nā palena o nā hiki
ʻO nā pilikia me ke kūʻai aku ʻana i nā huahana ʻaʻole i mālama i nā mea kanu ʻuala Uzbek. Pono lākou e kūʻai koke aku i nā mea kanu i ke kauwela no laila i loko o nā kūlana wela, ʻaʻole e nalowale nā ʻōpala, ʻaʻole i hana pono i ko lākou ʻili. ʻAʻole hiki i nā mea a pau ke mālama i kā lākou mau mea kanu, a ma ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻohi ʻana, hāʻule nā kumukūʻai ma ka mākeke.
"Ua lawe koʻikoʻi mākou i ka pilikia o ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka palekana o nā huahana mahiʻai," wehewehe Farhod Takhirov. - ʻO ka mana o ka hale kūʻai o ka ʻoihana e hiki ai i ka mālama like ʻana ma luna o 48 tausani mau ʻuala. ʻAʻole e pau kona hoʻokō ʻana ma ka ʻāina o ka repubalika a ma waho aʻe o kona mau palena a puni ka makahiki.
Hoʻoponopono nā mea hana liʻiliʻi i nā pilikia me ke kūʻai aku me ke kōkua o nā mea waena. ʻO nā mahiʻai nui i hiki ke hoʻokō i nā koi no ka maikaʻi, ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā ʻuala e hana pololei me nā kaulahao kūʻai. A ʻo nā alakaʻi wale nō o ka sub-industry i loaʻa ka manawa e komo ai i ka hana ʻana i ka tuber.
"I ka hiki ʻana o ka ʻāina ma lalo o ka mea kanu i 200 mau ʻeka," wahi a Farhod Takhirov, - ua hiki mai mākou i ka hopena e pono i ka hui ke hoʻomohala i ka wahi hana. ʻO kā mākou mea kanu, hiki ke hana i ka 50 tausani tons o nā mea maka i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ua lako me nā lako maikaʻi loa. I kēia lā, hoʻopuka ʻo ia i nā ʻuala ʻuala a me nā fries Farani maloʻo.
ʻO ka makemake o ka poʻe mahiʻai e ulu i ka ʻuala no ka hana ʻana i kaupalena ʻia e kekahi mea ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole kūpono nā ʻuala home i nā koi o nā kaulahao hānai transnational nui. No kēia kumu, lawe ʻia ka nui o nā ʻuala semi-finished, chips, starch, mashed potatoes a me nā cereals i loko o ka repubalika mai nā ʻāina ʻē.
Hoʻohui waiwai
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻāina ʻo Central Asia ʻo ia ka hapa nui o nā mea hana ʻuala e hōʻike ʻia e nā mahiʻai liʻiliʻi a maikaʻi ʻole. ʻAʻole nele ka poʻe mahiʻai ʻo Uzbek i ke kālā hana, ka ʻike kūikawā a me ka ʻike, nā mīkini a me nā lako, ka wai no ka hoʻoulu ʻana, a me nā huahana pale mea kanu.
Hiki i ka hui pū ʻana me nā mea pāʻani mākeke ikaika ke kōkua i ka poʻe mahiʻai e hoʻonohonoho i ka hana paʻa a loaʻa nā waiwai kūpono.
"Loaʻa iā mākou ka ʻike i ka hana ʻana me nā mea mahiʻai liʻiliʻi, nā mea a mākou e hāʻawi ai i nā mea kanu," wahi a mākou Farhod Takhirov. "Pono lākou i ka hui Agrover ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻolako i nā ʻuala kalepa a me nā mea maka no ka mea kanu. ʻOi loa inā hōʻike lākou i nā wahi me ka waiwai moʻomeheu kiʻekiʻe. Mākaukau mākou e hāʻawi aku i ka poʻe mahiʻai i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana i kūkulu ʻia a me ke kūkākūkā ʻoihana.
ʻO ke kōkua mai ka moku'āina, no ka laʻana, ka hāʻawi kālā makemake, hiki ke hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia o ka ʻoihana mahiʻai. Akā no ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i kēia ʻano kākoʻo, pono ʻoe e hāʻawi i ke koʻikoʻi i ka panakō, kahi hiki ʻole i ka mahiʻai maʻamau ke hana.
Hāʻawi ʻia nā haʻawina nui no ka poʻe mahiʻai e hoʻolauna ana i nā ʻano hana wai hou (e laʻana, drip irrigation). Akā, lawe ka moku'āina i kahi hapa o nā kumukūʻai koʻikoʻi loa.
Ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka Hoʻolālā Hoʻomohala ʻĀina o Uzbekistan no 2020-2030, ke hoʻokō ʻia nei nā hana i hana ʻole ʻia ma ka ʻāina. Ke manaʻo nei lākou e hoʻoulu i nā mea kanu ʻuala e hana i nā huahana maikaʻi. I ka manawa mai 2024 a i 2025, hoʻolālā ka Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic e puʻunaue i 500 tons o nā hua me ka uku ʻole i waena o nā mahiʻai dehkan holomua a me nā mea nona nā ʻāpana home. ʻO ka nui o ka poʻe e loaʻa ana i nā mea kanu e hiki i ka 1,7 tausani.
Ma muli o ia hana, pono e hoʻonui ʻia ka hua hua ma nā huaʻōlelo qualitative a me quantitative. ʻO Uzbekistan kahi ʻanuʻu kokoke i kāna pahuhopu: e hoʻolilo i ka ulu ʻuala i ʻāpana ʻāpana holomua o ka mahiʻai.
Irina Berg