Alexey Krasilnikov, ka luna hoʻokele o ka Potato Union
ʻOhiʻohi, loaʻa a me ka mākeke
Wahi a ke Kuhina Hoʻolālā o ka Russian Federation, e Nowemapa 13, 2020, ua ʻohi ʻia kaʻuala ma nā ʻoihana mahiʻai a me nā mahiʻai a nā mahiʻai (mahiʻai) mai kahi ʻāpana o 268,2 tausani hectares a i ʻole 95,5% o ka wahi i lūlū ʻia, 6,6 miliona mau tona i ʻeli ʻia me kahi hua o 244 c / ha. ʻO nā hopena hope loa o ka ʻohi ʻana i ka ʻāina ʻaʻole i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia, akā hiki iaʻu ke manaʻo ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hōʻiliʻili ma mua o 7 miliona mau tona, ma mua o 7,6 miliona mau tona i ka makahiki i hala.
He hopena kūlohelohe kēia, no ka mea, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka wahi kanu i kēia kau e 20 tausani hectares, a ua hōʻemi nā mea hōʻike i ka hapa nui o nā wahi ma muli o ke ʻano paʻakikī i ka wā ulu.
I ka manawa like, he paʻakikī ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā ʻāina kūwī e pili nui ai a mai nā cataclysms kikoʻī, mai nā wahi like ʻole o ka wahi like (e laʻa me ka Teritori o Krasnoyarsk a i ʻole ka Mokuna ʻo Moscow), hiki ke mālama ʻia i nā ʻano anilā multidirectional āpau i ke kau.
Hoʻomanaʻo i loko o nā Urals a me Siberia Komohana i kēia kauwela ua nui ka maloʻo, ua hoʻolaha kekahi mau wahi i ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o kahi aupuni ulia pōpilikia ma kekahi mau wahi, akā ma hope o ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana i nā hopena o ka ʻohi ʻana, ua helu lākou i ka hopena maikaʻi e like me ka maikaʻi: ʻo ka hapa nui i kekahi mau mahiʻai i ka ʻāina i uku ʻia e ka kūleʻa o kekahi.
ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka hua i loaʻa, e noʻonoʻo ana i nā pilikia i helu ʻia o ka wā ulu, hiki ke manaʻo ʻia he ʻoluʻolu. Manaʻo wau e ola mau kaʻuala i ka wā mālama maʻa mau.
ʻOiai i ka hoʻomaka o ka hāʻule, aia kekahi mau mea i ala aʻe i ka hopohopo i waena o nā agrarians: ʻo kahi laʻana, he nui nā mea hana ma Central Russia a me ka moku ʻo Volga i hoʻopaʻa i kēia kau, waena waena a me nā ʻano lohi o kaʻuala i hiki ʻole ke hana i kahi peel no kahi manawa lōʻihi, no laila lākou i neʻe ai i ka manawa ohi.
Hoʻokaʻawale, pono ke pā ʻana i ka mākeke o ka hua ʻuala i ka makahiki 2020. ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā ʻoihana mahiʻai o ka ʻāina i kēia makahiki i hakakā me nā hopena o nā hanana anilā like ʻole, ua like ka hopena o ka hana, ma ka mea hoʻokahi. Ua ulu ka liʻiliʻi o ka uala ma mua o ka maʻamau (kahi mahele nui o nā hua - nā paipu ma lalo o 55 mm. i ke anawaena). Ma muli o kēia, hāʻawi nā ʻoihana mahiʻai i nā huahana i nā kaulahao kalepa ma lalo o nā ʻaelike i kū i nā hoʻoweliweli o ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā ʻaelike a me ka uku ʻana i nā uku, a me nā kaulahao me ka hemahema o kaʻuala, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe huahana me nā palena maʻamau i ka mākeke. Ua mālama ʻo Potato Union e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ke kūlana a, i ka wā o ke kūkākūkā ʻana, ua ʻaelike me nā kaulahao kalepa e hoʻoponopono hou i nā pae no ke koho ʻana i nā huahana: ua hoʻemi ʻia nā koi no ka caliber (no nā wahi like ʻole, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ko lākou mau palena ponoʻī, kaukaʻi ʻia i ke kūlana "ma ka honua"). I kēia mau lā, Sergei Belyakov, Lunahoomalu o ka Presidium o ka ʻAhahui o nā Hui Kūʻai Lapaʻau (AKORT), i ʻōlelo ʻia hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia moʻolelo ma ke ʻano he laʻana kikoʻī o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā kaulahao a me nā mea hana, e like me ke kōkua ʻana o ka Potato Union, hiki ke hele i kahi kūkākūkā a loaʻa i nā hopena maikaʻi like.
Holoholo i luna
ʻO ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā puke ohi, ma ke ʻano he rula, alakaʻi i ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā kumukūʻai mākeke. ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha i ke kau e kū nei, ke hoʻohui wiwo ʻole nei kaʻuala i ka waiwai me kēlā me kēia pule hou. I kēia manawa, i nā wahi āpau o ka ʻāina, aia nā kumukūʻai no nā pākaukau papa he 50-60% ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka makahiki i hala.
Nāhui | kumu kūʻai awelika | Ka ulu makahiki ʻana,% |
---|---|---|
ʻO Belgorod | 15 | 66.67 |
ʻO Bryansk | 16 | 100 |
Volgograd | 15 | 50 |
Voronezh | 16 | 77.78 |
Krasnodar māhele | 15 | 50 |
ʻO Leningradskaya | 16 | 60 |
Moscow | 16 | 60 |
ʻO Novosibirsk | 15 | 50 |
Aupuni o Tatarstan | 15 | 50 |
Rostov | 15 | 50 |
ʻO Samara | 15 | 66.67 |
ʻO Saratov | 15 | 50 |
Ka Territory Stavropol | 15 | 66.67 |
Tula | 15 | 50 |
Tyumen | 16 | 77.78 |
ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai e hōʻoia ana aia kekahi hemahema o nā huahana ma ka mākeke (ʻelua uala kūʻai aku a me nā ʻano no ka hana ʻana). ʻOiai ʻaʻohe mea koʻikoʻi i kēia, a ʻo nā kumukūʻai o nā mea kūʻai me ka awelika ʻai makahiki o 60-80 kg e hoʻonui ʻia e ka mea ʻaʻole ma mua o 300-500 rubles i kēlā me kēia kau.
He paʻakikī e wānana pehea e ulu ai nā hanana i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Manaʻo wau ʻaʻohe mea e pono ai no ka piʻi nui, akā ʻo ka piʻi mālie, e noʻonoʻo ana i ka ulu ʻana o nā kumukūʻai like ʻole, e hoʻomau mau ʻia a hiki i Iune-Iulai i kēia makahiki aʻe.
Import me ka nānā i nā ʻanoʻano
ʻO ka hopena o ka makahiki kalena ka manawa kūpono e kūʻai i nā hua no ka ʻohi hou. ʻOi aku inā e hāʻawi ʻia kēia mea mai nā ʻāina ʻē.
I kēia kauwela, ʻike mākou i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka hana o nā mahiʻai Lūkini i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kumuwaiwai (microplants, minitubers) - ua hōʻoia kēia ʻano e ka poʻe koho a me nā hui hua Europa e hana ana i kā mākou mākeke. He mea hoihoi ia kahi ʻāpana nui o ia mau lako, o nā kumu like ʻole, i hoʻonohonoho ʻia mai nā keʻena hoʻokele o Sekotia, i hōʻoia i kahi kiʻekiʻe loa o nā māka i kēia ʻāpana.
A i kekahi mau huaʻōlelo hou aʻe e pili ana i kēia polokalamu. Ua noi aku ka Union Potato i ka Ministry of Agriculture a me ka Ministry of Education and Science e hoʻokumu i kahi Council Inter-Coordination Council no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka subprogram FNTP a e hāʻawi i kēia ʻoihana i nā kuleana no ka launa pū ma waena o nā mea mahiʻai a me ʻepekema. Wahi a nā ʻike a nā loea o ka Uniona, i kēia lā he paʻakikī loa e hoʻomaopopo pehea ke ʻano o ka launa pū ʻana o nā hui hua a me nā kikowaena noiʻi / hoʻouluulu (i hāʻawi ʻia me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā hana o ka papahana) e like me nā wahi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kālā mai nā waihona kālā pekelala a me nā ʻāpana. Eia kekahi, ua nānā pinepine mākou i ka nānā o nā luna aupuni a me ka ʻepekema i ka nele o ka ʻāina i nā ʻano ʻuala kūloko kūpono no ka hana ʻana, akā ʻaʻole i loaʻa iā mākou ka ʻike e pili ana i ka hana o kēia hana.
Holo no nā lima hana
I ʻApelila 2020, ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana o ka poʻe malihini iā Rūsia, ua kū ka ʻāpana agrarian i kahi hemahema hana nui. Wahi a ka Ministry of Agriculture o ka Russian Federation, ua nele ka ʻoihana ma kahi o 23 tausani mau limahana. ʻOi paha, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā helu maoli.
ʻO ka mea maʻamau, aia nā noi no nā uala hua o nā hana kiʻekiʻe o ka hana ʻEulopa. Hoʻomaopopo wau i ka hopena o ʻOkakopa, ua mālama ʻia nā kūkākūkā ʻana ma waena o ka luna o ka Potato Union Sergei Lupekhin a me ke poʻo hope o ka Rosselkhoznadzor Yulia Shvabauskene, a ua hōʻike ʻia ia e pili ana i ke kumu o ka hoʻomau ʻana o nā hana kaohi me COVID-19, e ʻae ʻia ka lawe ʻana mai o nā ʻuala hua mai nā ʻāina ʻo EU i kēia kau ke alakaʻi nei i ka kaohi mua o ka hoʻouna ʻana e nā luna nānā o ka ʻāpana ma nā wahi o ka hana. ʻAe ʻia nā ʻāpana potato ma ke kumu o nā noi o ka lawe ʻana mai i nā ʻoihana i ka ʻōnaehana ARGUS-FITO, a pono e hōʻoia ʻia ko lākou palekana phytosanitary e nā hōʻoia o nā hui aupuni no ka quarantine a me ka pale ʻana o nā mea kanu o ka European Union - i ka pōʻaiapili o nā hailona kikoʻī. I ke kūlana o kēia manawa, ʻo ka hoʻolauna ʻana o kahi hana i maʻalahi ʻia he hopena kūpono a kūpono ia.
Manaʻo mākou i ka wā e hiki mai ana e hiki i nā ʻelele mākeke āpau ke hōʻoia i ka holo pono ʻana o kēia papahana: he noi kā mākou no ka hāʻawi ʻana i kaʻuala mai Pinilana, ua hoʻolako kēia ʻāina i nā hailona i kauoha ʻia (liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi: ma kahi o 400 tone), ke kali nei mākou no ka hoʻoholo a ka Rosselkhoznadzor Central Office. ... Manaʻo mākou ʻo ka lawe ʻia ʻana mai o nā hua mai ka European Union i kēia kau e 8-9 tausani tona.
Akā ke kumuhana o ka lawe mai i ka pākaukau papa, manaʻo wau, ʻaʻole ia ka mea pili loa no kēia kau. I nā kūlana o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ruble, nā huahana mai ʻAigupita, Israel, Morocco ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokūkū koʻikoʻi me nā mea home. ʻO ka mea nui paha, e ʻoi aku ka neʻe o kēia mau ʻāina i nā mākeke o ka European Union (ʻoiai no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike contradictory e pili ana i ka nui o ka ʻohi ʻuala ma ʻEulopa).
Mea hoʻolilo prospect
ʻO ke kau i hala, ua lilo ʻo Ukraine i mea kūʻai ʻole ʻia o ka pākaukau Lūkia. I kēia makahiki, ua ʻōlelo pinepine nā lunamaka o ka ʻoihana ʻuala o kēia ʻāina ke manaʻo nei lākou i kahi hōʻiliʻili maikaʻi a ʻaʻole e hāʻawi i nā huahana i lawe ʻia mai. Akā i kēia manawa ke loaʻa nei iā mākou ka ʻike e piʻi nui ana nā kumukūʻai no kaʻuala a me nā mea kanu o ka borsch i Ukraine, a he hōʻailona kēia no kahi kūlana maikaʻi ʻole loa no ka mākeke kūloko.
ʻIke ʻia kahi deficit o kaʻuala ma ka mākeke kūloko ma Moldova.
Eia nō naʻe, me kahi pae kiʻekiʻe o ka hiki ke hiki iaʻu ke manaʻo ʻaʻole hiki iā Rūsia ke hoʻomau i ka lawe ʻana i kaʻuala i kēia mau ʻāina i nā puke like i kēia kau e like me ka makahiki i hala. ʻOiai kahi kahawai liʻiliʻi - pololei a ma o Belarus paha - e paʻa nō ia.
I kēia manawa e pili ana iā Belarus. Wahi a nā kūlana kūhelu, ua loaʻa i ka Lepupalika kahi ʻohi maikaʻi o kaʻuala. I ka manawa like, ʻike mākou mai nā kumuwaiwai i ka ʻoihana ʻuala aia kekahi hemahema o nā mea kanu a me nā mea maka i ka ʻāina (i ka mahele o nā ʻano no ka hana ʻenehana).
Ke kuhikuhi nei i nā ʻōkuhi no ka launa kūpono ʻana i ka hāʻawi ʻana o kaʻuala ma waena o Rūsia a me nā ʻāina kokoke, ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke hoʻomanaʻo iā ʻoe i nā loiloi quarantine like ʻole i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e kēlā me kēia mokuʻāina e like me nā lula ponoʻī. Minamina, ke piʻi mau nei ke kūlana phytosanitary i ka honua mai kēlā makahiki a kēia makahiki, a ke hoʻāʻo nei kēlā me kēia ʻāina e pale i kona ʻāina mai nā mea quarantine. I ka manawa like, pilikia ka ʻoihana i nā pohō. E like me kekahi o nā lālā o ka hui Potato Union, ma muli o nā ʻano lohi a me nā lohi o nā keʻena ma nā palena, ua nalowale kāna ʻoihana ma kahi o 1,5 tausani tone o kaʻuala i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
ʻO kahi ʻanuʻu e hiki ai i ka streamlining ʻana i nā koi ke lilo i ka ʻae ʻana i ka ʻaelike no ke alu like ʻana ma ka māina o ka quarantine mea kanu, a ua hoʻomohala ʻia ke kuhi o ia mea i ka 2016. I kēia manawa i ko mākou ʻāina ke hoʻomākaukau ʻia kahi kānāwai no ka hōʻoia ʻana.
Manaʻo ʻia he ʻokoʻa iā Lūkia, e kau inoa ʻia ka ʻaelike e Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan a me Uzbekistan. Hiki ke ʻike hou aku i ka ʻike i ka ʻōlelo o ka palapala ma ka pūnaewele regul.gov.ru.
Ka launa pū ʻana me ka ʻepekema
I Nowemapa, ua hōʻuluʻulu ke Kuhina Hoʻonaʻauao a me ʻEpekema o Lūkia i nā hopena o ke koho aʻe o nā papahana no ka hana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kikowaena ulu hua. Ma ka hālāwai o ka ʻaha kūkā waena, ua ʻae ʻia kahi papa inoa o nā hui 15, ma muli o ke koho a me nā kikowaena hana hua i 9 mau wahi nui e hana ʻia. Ma ka hoʻoholo a ka ʻaha, e hāʻawi ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻaoʻao Uala i ka Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center o ka Russian Academy of Science".
ʻO nā pae hoʻohālikelike koʻikoʻi nā kahua ʻepekema e kū nei o ka ʻoihana, ka loaʻa o ka ʻepekema a me nā ʻenehana ʻenehana, hiki i ke kanaka kiʻekiʻe (me ke alo o nā ʻepekema ʻōpio i ka kime), ka ʻike o ke alu like ʻana me nā ʻoihana i ka ʻāpana maoli o ka hoʻokele waiwai a me ka hāʻawi i ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka Kumuhana Hoʻomalu Meaʻai.
Mai ka manaʻo o ka Potato Union, hiki ke hoʻokipa wale ʻia ka wehe ʻana o kahi hui noiʻi a me nā hana i ka ʻāina. Lana ko mākou manaʻo e loaʻa ka holomua hou a me kahi kikowaena nui i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā hana o nā subprograms mahele o ka Federal Scientific a me ka Polokalamu Papahana no ka Hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mahiʻai no 2017-2025.
Ua ʻimi ʻo Potato Union i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā hāʻina hiki, hāpai i kēia kumuhana ma nā pūnaewele like ʻole, akā pili mau ka pilikia a hiki i kēia lā. Pau ka ʻohi ʻana, akā hoʻohana nā mahiʻai he nui i ka hana lima i ka hoʻomākaukau mua ʻana o kaʻuala a me nā mea kanu.
Ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa, aia kahi ʻimi no nā limahana ma ka ʻāina: lure ʻia ka poʻe mai nā kahua kūkulu, ke hoʻāʻo nei lākou e kono mai nā wahi ʻē aʻe a mai nā ʻāina ʻē (ʻae nui ʻo Uzbekistan e pane i nā noi) I ka manawa like, ke kumu nui o ka huki ʻana i nā limahana e hoʻonui i kā lākou uku. Ma ke ala, ʻo ka hoʻonui i nā kumukūʻai ma kēia wahi kekahi o nā kumu no ka ulu ʻana i ke kumukūʻai o kaʻuala a me nā mea kanu i kēia kau.
ʻO ka hikina loa
Ma nā makahiki 2020, ke nānā nei nā luna i ka hoʻonui i ka nānā i ka hoʻolako ʻana i kaʻuala a me nā mea kanu i nā wahi o ka Hikina Hikina. I kēia manawa, ʻike ʻia ke kūlana ma kahi paʻa.
Wahi a nā hopena mua o ke kau, ua loaʻa kahi hōʻiliʻili maikaʻi o kaʻuala ma Primorye: ʻo ka hōʻiliʻili nui he 25-30 tausani tone ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka hopena o ka makahiki i hala. 30% o ka hōʻiliʻili kālā waiho ʻia. Wahi a nā luna, ua lawa kēia nui e hāʻawi i ka heluna lehulehu o ka ʻāina i ka wā hoʻoilo.
ʻO nā kumukūʻai kūʻai nui no kaʻuala ma Rūsia, ka ʻikepili o ka Uniana Uala e like me 06.11.2020, rubles / kg
Hoʻohui ʻia, hāʻawi ʻia nā mea kanu i ka Hikina Hema mai nā ʻāpana pekelala Ural a me Siberian (uku ʻia nā mea hoʻolako no ke kumukūʻai o ka lawe kaʻa kaʻa). ʻOiai nā ʻelele o ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokipa e noi e hoʻolilo i nā kōkua i nā mea hou aku e pili ana no nā ʻāina kūloko, ka halihali ala o nā huahana mahiʻai.
Ke kali nei no ke kau hou
ʻO ke kau 2020/21 no nā mea kanu ʻuala a me nā mea kanu mea ulu ke holomua nei ma mua o ka nui o nā mea i hala. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka pae hua o 2010, akā ke hāpai nei ka pae o ke kumu kūʻai i kēia manawa. ʻO ka maʻamau, alakaʻi mau kēia i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o ka poʻe e makemake nei e komo i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻuala, no laila i ka 2021 hiki iā mākou ke manaʻo i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka wahi no kēia mea kanu, ua hōʻoia ʻia e ka makemake nui no nā mea kanu ʻano kiʻekiʻe.
E hoʻomaopopo he kūlike kēia kūlike me nā makemake o ke Kuhina Hoʻolālā o Lūkia: i kekahi o nā hālāwai o Nowemapa, ua paipai ka 'Oihana i nā mea hana hua e hoʻonui i ka hana ma nā wahi āpau e 5%.
He mea hiki paha i ka wā hou e ʻike ʻia ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻāpana no ka mahi ʻana i nā ʻano ʻuala, ʻoiai ʻo 70% o nā kumukūʻai no ke kūʻai ʻana mai i nā mea kanu hoʻohiki o ke koho kūloko e uku ʻia mai ka waihona kālā pekelala. ʻAʻole maopopo iaʻu e mākaukau nā mea hana nui e loea ana i ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā huahana i nā kaulahao kalepa e hoʻoponopono hou iā lākou iho, akā no nā mahiʻai liʻiliʻi he nūhou hoihoi kēia.
A lana ko mākou manaʻo e hoʻomau ana ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻāpana hana. ʻOiai nā pilikia a pau i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā ana quarantine, ka pani ʻana o nā hale ʻaina, a pēlā wale aku, ʻo kēia ala ka mea nui i koe no ka mākeke. ʻIke mākou i nā makahiki i hala aku nei, mahalo nui nā mea hana mahiʻai i nā pono o ka launa pū ʻana me nā ʻoihana hana a mākaukau hoʻi no ka laulima ʻana o ka hana pū kekahi.
Ma ka honua a puni, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻokolokolo i nā manaʻolana o ka hana ʻana e nā ʻoihana pili. Lawe, i laʻana, i ka palaoa a i ʻole ka hana laila. ʻ tellslelo pololei ka mokuʻāina i kēia mau lā i nā mea hana e hana nei i kēia mau wahi ʻaʻole ia e paipai i ka lawe ʻana aku i nā mea maka (palaoa, nā ʻanoʻano) ma kahi ʻē, e hāʻawi ʻia ka mea nui i ka lawe ʻana i nā huahana i hana ʻia me ka hohonu. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe pili o kēia me ka ʻoihana ʻuala: ʻaʻole nui ka nui o ka lawe ʻana o kaʻuala a ʻaʻohe hopena koʻikoʻi i ka mākeke kūloko. Akā kūpono ke ʻano i ka nānā ʻana.