ʻO nā loea o ka ʻoihana "ʻAukake", kekahi o nā mea hana nui Lūkini o nā huahana hoʻomalu mea kanu kemika, i helu i nā mea kanu mahiʻai nui a maikaʻi loa, a me nā mea hoʻoweliweli nui i ka ʻohi ʻana o kēia mau mea kanu i kēia kau. ʻO ka mea waiwai nui loa no nā mahiʻai i kēia lā ka mahi ʻana o nā cereal, nā sunflowers, rapeseed, aila flax a me ka palaoa. I ka manawa like, ʻo ka hana nui no ka loaʻa kālā ʻana ʻaʻole ia e hōʻemi ana i nā kumukūʻai o ka hana mahiʻai, akā e hoʻonui ana i ka loaʻa.
ʻAla palaoa. No kekahi mau makahiki i kēia manawa, ua waiho ka ʻenekini a me nā ʻohi e hilinaʻi nui ʻia ma Europe a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Pilikia nā kikowaena o ka honua no ka hana cereal i ka ua ʻole. I ka mākeke honua no nā cereala, kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai a kūpaʻa ke koi - i kahi mea i pili i nā palena palena, ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia mau mea ulu i ke alakaʻi lōʻihi ʻole i hoʻopiʻi ʻia - ka sunflower.
"Ma Rūsia, ʻoiai, kiʻekiʻe loa nā mea kanu cereal," wahi a Dmitry Belov, ke poʻo o ka ʻoihana hoʻomohala huahana o ka hui ʻo ʻAukake. "Ke holo nei nā ʻano ʻāpana o ka lepo a me nā wahi kai i loko o kā mākou makemake: ʻo kahi laʻana, aia mākou ʻo Lūkia Lūkia a, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka Central Black Earth Region, kahi e hele ʻole ai ka mea palena o ka pulu, ʻokoʻa, nā wahi hema."
ʻAʻole ia he manaʻo ʻaʻohe pilikia ma 2021, ʻoiai kekahi mau loea, e like me ka lawelawe anamanaʻo o ka US Department of Agriculture (USDA), wānana i kahi hōʻiliʻili palaoa hou no Russia. No laila, ʻo kēia pūnāwai ma ka moku waena o Chernozem ma muli o ka hoʻoilo maloʻo a me ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka hoʻoilo o nā hoʻoilo hoʻoilo aia kahi mahele kiʻekiʻe o nā wahi "hāʻule i waho". ʻO kahi laʻana, i kekahi mau mahiʻai ma ka moku ʻo Voronezh, 100% o nā māla e lūlū hou ʻia me nā hua o ka puna. Ma muli o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka hau, ua loaʻa kahi maʻi fungal e pili ana i nā mea kanu i ka wā o ka puna lōʻihi, ua make kekahi hapa o nā mea hoʻoilo i Altai, Udmurtia a me Bashkortostan. ʻO kahi maʻi ʻano laha ʻole - sclerotinosis - hōʻike pū ʻia iā ia iho ma Udmurtia, Bashkortostan a me Mordovia. Hāʻawi ʻia i kēia kūlana, hiki ke manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole e emi nā kumukūʻai no ka palaoa, ka rai a me ka palaoa i 2021. ʻO nā mea hoʻoweliweli ʻē aʻe e pili ana i nā mea ʻino e like me nā ʻūlū berena a me nā wireworms, a ma nā wahi he nui, ma muli o ka piʻi nui ʻana o ka awelika o ka mahana i kēlā me kēia lā, ua hōʻeha nā mea kanu i nā wela wela.
Pakele... ʻOiai nā ʻano e kū nei no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā kumukūʻai no nā ʻano pua sunflower, noho mau ia me kahi hua kiʻekiʻe me ka hiki ke lawe aku i ka nui. Ma 2021, ma kahi o 8 miliona mau ʻeka o kēia hua i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka lūlū ʻana, akā ma aneʻi e pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ua lūlū ʻia nā mea kanu hoʻoilo make, me ka puʻupuʻu pua. No laila, ke hoʻomau nei ke ʻano o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka wahi ma lalo ona ma 2021.
ʻO nā mahiʻai i hoʻohiki i ka waiwai "pua gula" e hoʻāʻo e mālama me ko lākou ikaika āpau - ʻaʻole ia no ka mea ʻole i manaʻo ʻia ka sunflower i mea ulu nui e pili ana i ka holomua i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huahana pale mea kanu. "Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā maʻi e like me ka phomosis a me ka phomopsis, ka mea e kumu ai i ka necrosis o nā mea kanu, ka momona mae, ka popo hina, botrytinia (pala hina) a me sclerotiniasis, hiki ke hōʻeha i ka hōʻiliʻili i kēia makahiki. ʻOiai ʻo ka mea hope i hōʻike iā ia iho i nā cereal hoʻoilo, pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia no nā fungi o ka genus Sclerotinia, nā mea kanu hoʻokipa nā sunflower, rapeseed, a me nā soybeans, a ʻo ke ʻano o ka hoʻohuli ʻana o ka mea kanu i mea e hoʻonui ai i ka maʻi sclerotinia o nā mea kanu, "Wahi a Dmitry Belov.
Hoʻolaha. I Rūsia, ʻaʻole hoʻomohala ʻia ka moʻomeheu o ka ʻai ʻana o ka aila rapeseed no ka meaʻai - ʻokoʻa i ʻEulopa. Eia nō hoʻi, ke kūʻai ʻoluʻolu nei ʻo Kina i nā ʻano aila mea kanu a pau. Ke ulu nei ke koi no ka aila rapeseed ma muli o ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka biodiesel i ka honua, ma ke ʻano he maka, pono ka rapeseed no ka hana ʻana i nā aila ʻoihana a me nā lubricants, i ka hana ʻana i nā kemika a me nā mea ʻala o ka home. Kākoʻo kēia mau mea āpau i ke kūlana o ka rapeseed e like me kahi mea kanu aila kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. I Lūkia, ke pālahalaha nui nei ka rapese o ka hoʻoilo mai ka hema a i ke kūkulu ʻākau, kahi e nui ai ka wai, e like me ka wā o ka hāʻule, a no laila, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka hopena o nā hua kanu maikaʻi ʻole. ʻO nā wahi ma lalo o nā mea kanu o ka pue wale ʻana i ka puna ua hoʻonui ʻia i nā makahiki i hala iho nei.
"Eia nō naʻe, i kēia makahiki ka hua o ka rapeseed, a, no laila, ʻo ka ikaika o ka ulu ʻana i nā wahi o kāna lūlū he nīnau nui. I nā wahi he nui, kahi i maʻa mua ka lawa o ka wai ma muli o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka hau, ua hoʻomaloʻo koke ʻia nā māla: ʻo ka hau, e like me kā lākou e ʻōlelo nei, ua "hakahaka". Ma ke ʻano laulā, hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ke ʻano o ke anilā ka hoʻoweliweli nui no ka rapese ma 2021, "manaʻo ʻo Dmitry Belov.
ʻAla olonā... I ka makahiki 2020, ʻo ka piʻi wikiwiki o ke kumukūʻai kūʻai no nā hua o kēia mea kanu he mea kahaha ia i nā mea hana. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, e hōʻoia paha ka flax oilseed iā ia iho me he mea hoʻokūkū la i ka rapeseed - ma ka liʻiliʻi o kēlā mau ʻāina kahi i ʻae ʻole ai ke ʻano o ke aniau i ka hoʻohua mau ʻana i nā hua kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka aila flaxseed a me ka flax i ka hana ʻana i ka meaʻai ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, akā ʻo ka mea nui e hoʻoholo ana i ka piʻi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka aila flaxseed ma ke ʻano he kumuhana ʻenehana i ka ʻoihana, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka pena a me ka varnish.
Lūlū ʻia ke olonā ʻaila i ka wā nui, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ke ʻano maikaʻi ʻole o ke aniau, a ʻo ka deficit deficit ʻaʻole ia e luku iā ia e like me ka nui. Ma waena o nā maʻi i hiki ke hōʻeha i ka hua ma 2021, ʻo ka mea mua loa, pono e ʻike ʻia ka wili ʻana o ka fusarium a me ka ʻohana flax - kahi maʻi e hoʻomāhuahua loa i ka maikaʻi o kāna hua. I nā wā mua o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, hiki ke hoʻoweliweli nui ʻia ka flax e nā wireworms.
Kolo. ʻO ke kaulana o ka "mōʻī wahine o nā māla" i hōʻemi ʻia ma nā wahi hema o Rūsia, akā naʻe, ma ka Central Black Earth Region, i kēia lā hiki ke kiʻi i nā hua kiʻekiʻe o kēia mea kanu - ma kahi o 70 keneta o ka hectare. Ma ka laulaha, ke ulu nei ka wahi ma lalo o nā mea kanu - me ka pono o ka lūlū ʻana ma kahi o nā mea hoʻoilo i hōʻino. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hiki ke lawe aku o ka kulina, koi ʻia ma ka mākeke kūloko, kahi hua nui ia no ka mālama holoholona.
"Mai ka manaʻo o ka hoʻopilikia, kū i waho ke kulina momona: he kiʻekiʻe loa ke kumukūʻai kūʻai a ulu pinepine ʻia ma lalo o nā ʻaelike i kau inoa ʻia me nā mea hana. No laila, hiki i ke kuhi hewa ke uku. ʻO nā mea nui o ka kaohi ma waena o nā mea ʻino ka pulupulu pulupulu, nona nā ʻenuhe e kau ana i nā pahu, a hoʻopilikia hou ʻole ʻia iā lākou a hiki ʻole ke hoʻohana ʻia, a me ka muʻu puʻupuʻu kulina, "wahi a Dmitry Belov.
E like me ka ʻike a nā loea o "ʻAukake", ʻo ka hana nui a nā mahiʻai ma Rūsia i kēia lā e hoʻonui pono i ka hua, a ʻaʻole e hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai hana, kahi i aneane pau ka pono. No kahi hua o 30 c / ha, ʻaneʻane like ka pae o nā koina e pono ai no kahi hua o 60 c / ha, akā naʻe, ke kumu kūʻai o ke keneta o ka palaoa i ka lua o ka hihia e emi ana, a piʻi ka marginality. "ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hua e lilo, ʻo ka nui o ka pono o ka ʻinikua mahiʻai e ulu - mai nā maʻi, nā nāhelehele, nā mea ʻino A ʻo nā mea hana mahiʻai Lūkini i kēia lā ke hoʻokokoke nei i kahi "minimum minimum" o nā kumukūʻai no ka mahi ʻana i nā mea kanu: ʻoi aku paha ka hiki, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke liʻiliʻi, "hoʻopau ʻo Dmitry Belov.