ʻO Artur Egorov, ka loea loea i nā ʻōnaehana pale mea kanu, Agrotrade Group of Companies
He ho'āʻo kēia ʻatikala e hōʻike i nā hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi o ka wā i hala, wānana i nā pilikia o ka wā e hiki mai ana a kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā kikoʻī a me nā ʻano o ka mākeke hou o nā huahana pale mea kanu ma Rusia. Pili loa kēia mau nīnau a pau i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka makahiki mahiʻai hou.
NA HI'O O KE KAU 2019.
NEMATODE
I ka makahiki 2019, nui nā mahiʻai mahiʻai Lūkia i ʻike mua i ka pōʻino i kahi pōpoki liʻiliʻi, ka nematode stem potato (Ditylenchus destructor), hiki ke kumu.
Ua piʻi aʻe ka pilikia, i koʻu manaʻo, ma muli o ke ʻano o ke kauwela i hala. E hoʻomanaʻo mākou a hiki i ka waena o Iulai i nā ʻāpana waena o Rūsia a me ka ʻāina ʻo Volga ua mahana a me ka haʻahaʻa - ua mālama ʻia ke aupuni maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻuala. I loko o kēia wā, hoʻopau nā mea kanu i ka hapa nui o ka phosphorus a me ka nitrogen. A he anu ka hapa lua o ke kauwela. I kēia manawa, pono e loaʻa i nā ʻuala ka nui o ka potassium a me ka calcium, akā ma muli o nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (emi ma lalo o 10-12).оC) ʻaʻole komo kēia mau meaʻai. Ma muli o ka nui o ka nitrogen a me ka nele o ka potassium a me ka calcium, ua lahilahi nā paia o ka ʻuala, elongated a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi i nā nematodes.
E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ʻo ka nematode stem potato kekahi ʻano o ka roundworm. ʻO ka pōʻino nui loa i nā mea kanu mahiʻai ke kumu ʻia e ka imago (he kino kanaka makua kāne makua). ʻO nā mākua, e hoʻohana ana i kahi okana kūikawā - kahi stylet (e like me ka nila syringe) - hou i ka paia o ka mea kanu a omo i nā mea i loko. I ka manawa like, hūnā nā pākeke i nā enzyme amylase a me pectinase, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka hydrolysis (ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka starch i ke kō) a ma laila e hoʻonui ai i ka maʻalahi o nā kōpaʻa i ka maʻi ʻeha hope loa.
Hele nā larvae nematode i ʻehā mau pae o ka makua ma mua o ke komo ʻana i ka pae makua, a ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau e loaʻa iā lākou ka hiki ke hana i ka pōʻino koʻikoʻi i nā mea kanu wale nō ma ka hopena o kēia ala.
Akā i ke kauwela o ka makahiki 2019, ua lilo nā paia liʻiliʻi ʻoi loa o ka ʻuala i mea palupalu ʻaʻole i nā pākeke wale nō, akā i nā larvae ʻekolu a me ka ʻehā. ʻO ka hopena, ua nui ka nui o ka pōʻino o nā ʻuala e ka nematode.
Hiki ke pale ʻia kēia ma ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka meaʻai mea kanu kaulike. Pono e pale ʻia ka nele o ka calcium ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka calcium nitrate hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai i ka lepo i ʻelua manawa ma ka pākēneka o 3 kg/ha.
ʻO ka nele o ka potassium a me ka calcium ka mea i hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka maikaʻi o nā ʻili ʻuala: ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā ʻuala i ka hōʻeha, piʻi ka nui o nā hōʻike o ka melanosis (ʻeleʻele o ka ʻiʻo) a me ka mālama ʻana i ka maikaʻi. Ma kēia ʻano, ʻike maopopo ʻia nā poho hale kūʻai ma 2019-20 e ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka maʻamau.
Inā mākou e kamaʻilio pololei e pili ana i ka hakakā ʻana i ka nematode stem potato, hiki iā mākou ke haʻi i nā insecticides e pili ana i ka thiamethoxam, fipronil, imidacloprid, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i loaʻa i ka arsenal o ka mea mahiʻai. hiki ole ke luku aku. Hiki ke loaʻa ka lanakila me ke kōkua o nā nemicides. I kēia lā, ʻo ka lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi loa ʻo Vidat 5G ma ka helu o 42 kg / ha. Hoʻopilikia maikaʻi ʻia ka nematode e ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka ammonia anhydrous. No laila, ma nā hoʻokolohua a S.P. Safyanov (S.P. Safyanov, Control of Potato Stem Nematode in the South-East of Kazakhstan, 1966), ua emi iho ka pōʻino o nā ʻuala ʻuala e Ditylenchus destructor ma nā kumukūʻai o 56-147 kg/ha i ke kaumaha kino. 7% i ka mana i ka 0,02-1,5%, a ua hoʻonui ka hua mai 106 a 252 c/ha.
KA WANANA NO KE KAU HOU
ʻO ka hapa ʻelua o ka hāʻule a me ʻelua mahina o ka hoʻoilo i ka hapa nui o nā ʻāpana "uala" o Rūsia ua hōʻike ʻia e nā mahana kiʻekiʻe (i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka maʻamau) a me kahi hemahema o ka uhi hau. Inā ʻaʻole loli ke kūlana i Pepeluali, e kū ana nā mea hana mahiʻai i nā pilikia hou i ka wā hou.
- Hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o nā nāhelehele. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hāʻule ʻana i hiki ai i nā nāhelehele ke hōʻiliʻili i ka nui o nā meaʻai a hoʻopaʻa i ka ikehu no ka ulu ʻana a me ka ulu ʻana. Ke lilo ka mahana i mea maikaʻi no ka ulu ʻana, e ulu koke ka mauʻu. I ka makahiki 2020, pono ʻoe e hoʻolilo liʻiliʻi ma luna o nā herbicides.
- E hoʻonui i ka nui o nā ʻīlio kaua hoʻoilo. Hāʻawi ke kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo i nā kūlana ʻoluʻolu loa no ka pest e overwinter. E hoʻomanaʻo mākou iā ʻoe i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo i ka lepo, ma ka hohonu o 10-25 cm. оH.
- Hoʻonui ʻia ka pōʻino e nā nematodes a me rhizoctonia. E pili ana kēia i nā mahiʻai e hoʻolālā ana e ulu i ka ʻuala ma hope o ka ʻuala i 2020. ʻO ka nānā ʻole ʻana i ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā mea kanu (a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka nui o nā pesticides i loko o ka lepo, ka hoʻoulu pinepine ʻana) alakaʻi i kahi imbalance o nā microorganisms i loko o ka lepo, a ʻaʻole hoʻolōʻihi ka hoʻoilo mahana i kēia kaʻina hana.
ʻAʻole hiki iaʻu ke ʻike i ke koʻikoʻi o ke kūlana o kēia manawa. E hoʻomanaʻo, ʻo 10-12 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻaʻohe hopena koʻikoʻi o ka rhizoctonia pathogen lepo i ka hua, a hiki ke pale ʻia ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi. I kēia manawa he pōʻino ka rhizoctoniosis no nā mea kanu ʻuala; pono e hana ʻia nā hoʻoikaika a me nā hoʻopukapuka nui e loaʻa ai ka pathogen. Ua lilo pū ka nematode ʻuala i mea pilikia i kēia manawa, a ʻo nā mea nui i kona hoʻolaha ʻana he kūlana maikaʻi o ka wā a me ka nele o kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻololi huaʻai noʻonoʻo maikaʻi. - Ka nele o ka wai no ka mea anoano. E like me kā mākou i kākau ai ma luna nei, ʻaʻole lawa ka potassium i nā ʻuala ʻuala i ulu ʻia i ka makahiki 2019, ma muli o kēia ua hoʻemi ʻia ka wai o nā ʻāpana o nā mea kanu. No laila, i ka wā maloʻo o ka punawai, pono e hoʻoinu ʻia nā mea kanu. I ka makahiki 2020, e koi koke ka makuahine i ka makū lepo.
ANO ANO O KA PALEKOKI. HAAWINA NO BIOLOGIZATION
ʻO ka ʻōnaehana pale mea kanu kekahi o nā mea koʻikoʻi o ka ʻenehana ulu ulu. ʻO ka pahuhopu o kēlā me kēia ʻōnaehana pale e mālama i ka pale ʻana o ka mea kanu. I ka manawa like, ʻo ka hana a kahi agronomist hou e hana i nā kūlana maikaʻi loa no nā mea kanu me ka hoʻohana kūpono ʻana i nā kemika. ʻO ke ʻano o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana, no ka laʻana, nā pesticides (a me ka haʻalele loa iā lākou) ʻike ʻia ma nā ʻāina he nui a puni ka honua.
'Ōlelo pinepine nā Lunamaka'āinana o nā luna Lūkini e pono e hoʻokūkū nā huahana mahiʻai kūloko i ka mākeke honua, ʻo ia hoʻi, pono e hoʻokō kā lākou hana hana i nā koi honua (European).
Hiki paha kēia i kēia lā? ʻAʻole paha. Hoʻomaopopo mākou a pau i nā kūlana o kēia manawa ʻo ka hana nui o ka ʻoihana ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o ka hana ʻana me ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā hoʻopukapuka.
ʻO ka hana ʻana i kahi huahana pili i ke kaiapuni e pono ai ka nui o ke kālā. E noʻonoʻo, no ka laʻana, ka mālama ʻana i ka weed. Hiki ke hoʻopau i ka mauʻu me ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻana i nā herbicides: me ke kōkua o ka mahi ʻana i ka lepo kiʻekiʻe. Loaʻa i nā Agronomists ka manawa e hoʻohana ai i nā ʻano e like me ka "depletion" a me ka "suffocation".
ʻO kekahi pilikia ke kumukūʻai. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā herbicides, maʻalahi a ʻoi aku ka mālama manawa ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mahi ʻāina. No ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana i ke kālā, pono ke kūʻai aku ka mea mahiʻai i ka ʻuala ma ke kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe. Akā ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi nā mea kūʻai aku ma ka ʻāina e makemake e uku nui no ka "maʻemaʻe" (ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā kūlanakauhale me ka nui o ka miliona).
ʻAʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia ka moʻomeheu o ka ʻai kaiaola. No laila, i kēia manawa, inā ʻaʻole e hoʻoulu a kākoʻo ka mokuʻāina i ka mahi ʻana i kahi huahana kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea mahiʻai ke hōʻole i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huahana pale mea kanu.
ʻOiai e maopopo ana e piʻi aʻe ka mana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huahana pale mea kanu. E kūʻē i kēia ʻano, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka ulu ʻana o ka hoihoi o nā mea hana mahiʻai i nā huahana pale ola.
ʻO kahi ʻōnaehana pale e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea olaola ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka "kemika".
I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka bioprotection i nā regimen maʻamau, ʻoiai ke hoʻomau nei ka noiʻi, a hōʻike kekahi mau lāʻau i nā hopena maikaʻi loa.
No ka laʻana, nā hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka huahana biological Kartofin (SK a me SP) e pili ana i ke kānana i koho ʻia o Bacillus subtilis-I5-12/23 e kūʻē i kahi paʻakikī o nā maʻi ʻuala i ka wā e ulu ana a i ka wā mālama lōʻihi o nā ʻuala ma ke ʻano Sante. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka maikaʻi olaola kiʻekiʻe e kūʻē i nā pathogens o nā maʻi fungal a me nā maʻi bacterial.
Wahi a ka noiʻi a nā ʻepekema mai ka All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Protection a me ka All-Russian Research Institute of Potato Farming i kapa ʻia ma hope. Lorkha ("Plant Protection Bulletin" 4(86) - 2015), i ka wā e ulu ana ka maikaʻi o ka lāʻau lapaʻau e kūʻē i ka hopena o ka blight, rhizoctonia a me ka pala maloʻo mai 37.5 a 100%. ʻO ka huahana olaola ʻo Kartofin, SK me ka neʻe ʻana i ka wai hana o 3-5 g / l (5 l / t) i hōʻemi nui i ka nui o nā ʻuala i hoʻopilikia ʻia, hoʻemi i ka hōʻike ʻana o ka pala maoli, ka ʻona ʻenehana a me ke kaumaha kūlohelohe i ka wā mālama ʻuala. .
ʻO ka maikaʻi olaola o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka huahana biological Kartofin, SK i ka wā e mālama ai i nā ʻuala ma mua o ka mālama ʻana i ka mālama ʻana he 78.9-86.9%, ʻo ka maʻamau kemika Maxim, SK - 52.1% e pili ana i ka mana.
I kēia manawa, aia nā mahiʻai e hāʻawi i ka makemake i ka pale lāʻau olaola. I kekahi manawa ua wehewehe ʻia kēia koho o nā mea mahiʻai e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā kemika maʻamau, no nā kumu like ʻole, hoʻōki i ka hana ʻana i kā lākou māla.
ʻO ka pilikia, ʻo nā pathogens a me nā pests e hoʻololi a hoʻomohala i ka pale ʻana i nā kemika ikaika (kūʻē). No ka laʻana, ʻike ka poʻe mahiʻai ma ka ʻāina ʻo Voronezh ʻo ka Colorado potato beetle i ko lākou ʻāina ke kū nei i ka mea ikaika thiamethoxam. ʻO ka hopena, ʻo nā mahiʻai, ma waho aʻe o ka ʻaʻahu, pono e hoʻokomo i hoʻokahi a i ʻole ʻelua mau lāʻau lapaʻau e kūʻē i ka pīkī potato Colorado i loko o ka ʻōnaehana pale i ka wā ulu. ʻOiai ma ka ʻāina ʻo Nizhny Novgorod hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokō i hoʻokahi lapaʻau me thiamethoxam.
NA WAIWAI HOU MA KA HANA PPP KIMIKA
Eia nō naʻe, ke hakakā mau nei ka ʻoihana mālama lāʻau kemika i ke kūʻē, e hoʻokuʻu ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou i ka mākeke. I loko o kā lākou papa inoa, pono e hoʻolohe i ka disinfectant ʻuala Vibrance Max (mea hana: Syngenta company). Aia i ka haku mele kahi sedaxane mole hou.
ʻO ka fungicide Zorvek Encantia mai Corteva Agriscience aia ma ka papa inoa. Loaʻa iā ia ka mole oxathiapiproline. Makemake au e hoʻomaopopo i ka hoʻouka ʻana o nā mea hana hou i ka pathogen i kēlā mau pae o ka metabolism cell kahi i ʻike ʻole ʻia ai nā mea hana ʻē aʻe. ʻO ia hoʻi, hoʻemi ʻia ka pilikia o ke kūʻē ʻana i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau hoʻohui ʻana he ana kūpono e hoʻomalu i nā mea ʻino, nā maʻi a me nā mauʻu. I kēia manawa kokoke i kēlā me kēia lāʻau lapaʻau lua e hāʻule i kēia ʻāpana. ʻO kēia kekahi mea e pale aku ai i ke kūʻē ʻana, a ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ia mau lāʻau e hōʻemi i ke kumukūʻai o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pesticides.
No ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana i ke kumuhana, hiki iaʻu ke ʻōlelo aku, ʻoi aku paha, i nā makahiki he 20 e hiki mai ana, e emi iki ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huahana mālama lāʻau kemika ma Rūsia. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau weliweli loa no ke olakino kanaka e haʻalele mālie i ka mākeke. I ka huli ʻana, e hoʻonui ka ʻai ʻana i nā lāʻau olaola. E hilinaʻi ka nui o nā ʻoihana mahiʻai i ka hui pū ʻana o nā huahana pale kemika a me nā mea kanu olaola. E kōkua nā lāʻau olaola e hōʻemi i ke kumukūʻai o nā huahana hope. Akā ʻoiai me ka ʻole o ka "knockdown effects" o nā kemika, ʻaʻole hiki ke hakakā i nā pathogens a me nā pests. ʻOiai ʻo ka hope loa, e hilinaʻi ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā hanana i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a i ʻole ka mokuʻāina i nā ʻāpana o nā ʻae ʻae ʻia no nā kemika i nā huahana meaʻai.
ʻO Agrotrade Company
Loaʻa:
Nā huahana pale mea kanu
(831) 461 91 58
ka www.agrotradesystem.r
egorovag@agrotradesystem.ru
8 - 910 137 61 34