Kūpono ʻia nā kūlana no ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻuala ma ka Lūkini Rūsia no kā lākou ʻokoʻa. He loiloi ʻo nā ʻano alakaʻi maikaʻi loa o kēia ʻāina ʻo ia ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e ka palupalu nui a hiki ke ulu kū aʻe i nā wahi like ʻole.
Anastasia Borovkova, Ph.D. s. Sci., Ke poo o Potato, Kelemania Kumana Alliance
Me ka manaʻo nui e pili ana i ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka ʻai ʻana o kaʻuala e nā kamaʻāina o Lūkia, hōʻike ʻo Rosstat i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe. ʻO kahi laʻana, i ka makahiki 1990, ʻo 106 kg ka ʻai o kēlā me kēia capita, ma 2000 - 118 kg, a ma 2016 - 113 kg. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻo kaʻuala ka "ʻai lua" a paʻa paʻa i kā lākou kūlana ma nā papa ʻai a me nā papa o nā Lūkia, a ma nā māla o nā limahana kuaʻāina.
Wahi a ka AB Center, ma 2017, ua ulu nā ʻuala i ka ʻoihana kalepa ma kahi o 299,9 mano ha ma nā ʻāpana ʻekekekau a i nā ʻāpana 78. ʻAʻole kēia kahi hōʻailona o ka ākea ākea o ka hana ʻana i ka moʻomeheu? ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻae, ināʻo ʻoe e nānā pehea ua hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia nā wahi ma lalo o ke kanu ʻana i nā makahiki he ʻehiku i hala.
Ma ka laulaha, ʻaʻole ikaika ka ikaika o nā wahi ma lalo o kaʻuala mai 2010 a 2017: ma Rūsia i kēia manawa, ua hoʻoliʻiliʻi nā wahi e 16,2%, ua hana ʻia nā loli kolosal i ka Volga Federal District - ua hōʻemi ʻia he 50,7%, ua pau ka North Caucasian Federal District. e kanu i kaʻuala ma luna o 32% o nā wahi i hoʻohana mua ʻia.
ʻAʻole nui, akā ua hāʻule nā wahi ma ka Central, South, North-West a me Far East FDs - e 10,8; 7,0; 3,3; 2,0% pakahi. I ka manawa like, ua hala mua ka Ural a me Siberian FD i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā mea ʻē aʻe, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i 18,6 a me 50,4% o ka wahi ma lalo o ka "berena ʻelua".
Ua kāwili ʻia nā ʻuala i ka wahi ma mua o ka atypical a "paʻakikī". ʻO kekahi ʻāpana kēia ma muli o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau a me kona mahanahana, akā, i ka nui, i koʻu manaʻo, ʻo ka pono kēia o nā mea hoʻonaninani: ua puka mai nā ʻano like ke hiki ke kūleʻe o ia i lalo o ia mau ʻano.
Ma hope o nā mea āpau, ʻo ka hana a ka mea hānai he pololei kēia: e hoʻohui i nā mea āpau (kūlohelohe a me ka mākeke) a e hoʻopuka i kahi ʻano i hoʻohālikelike nui ʻia i nā kūlana āpana, kahi e hāʻawi ʻole ai i kahi hua kiʻekiʻe wale nō, akā hoʻokō pū nō hoʻi i nā koi mākeke o kēia manawa - ʻike ʻia ia e kahi kala nani nani o ka peel, ka hanana nui ʻole o ka maka. , kūpono no ka holoi a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ke kūpaʻa i ka pohō mechanical a me ka pouli ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, me kahi wā mālama lōʻihi me ka ʻole o ka maikaʻi.
Ma ke kākoʻo ʻana i kēia, hiki iā mākou ke kuhi i ka ʻikepili i ka loaʻa o ka huaʻai i ka ʻāpana kālā, nā hōʻailona hoʻohālike i pālua: mai 3388,0 a 6737,6 mano mau haneli mai ka makahiki 2010 a hiki i ka 2017, ʻoiai me ka emi ʻana o ka pā lulu.
ʻO ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka ʻenehana nui a me nā ʻenehana hou, ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā ʻano hou e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i nā ʻai o kahi ʻano ʻē aʻe i ka nui a me ka maikaʻi.
ʻO ka mea nui o ka hoʻomohala ʻenehana o ka ulu ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu, hoʻohui i ka mana o nā ʻano mea kanu like ʻole, nā minerala a me nā fertilizers organik, nā ʻano o ka hakakā ʻana i nā maʻi a me nā pōpoki, ʻo ia ka mea e loaʻa ai nā hua.
ʻO ka German Seed Alliance (GAW), kekahi o nā mea nona nā kuleana he ʻoihana Kelemania ʻo SolANA (Solana) i kēlā me kēia makahiki e hoʻopihapiha nei i nā hua kanu mai ʻEulopa a i ka mākeke Lūkia, a ua hana hou ʻo ia i nā hua i ko mākou ʻāina ma mua o 20 mau makahiki. Me kahi ākea o nā hōʻike hōʻike hōʻike a me ka hoʻoneʻe pāʻoihana ma loko o Rūsia, hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo pololei i ke ʻano o ka ʻano o nā ʻano o SolANA ma nā ʻano ʻāina like ʻole a me nā kūlana wai.
I ka laau. Hōʻike ka hōʻike o 1 i ka hua awelika no 2016-2017. Me ka hua awelika ma Lūkini o 236 kg / ha, ʻelima mau ʻano o ka 14 i hōʻike i ka hua i ʻelua mau kiʻekiʻe e like me kēia mau kuhikuhi (Labella, Red Lady, Koroleva Anna, Laperla, Lilly).
ʻO ke alakaʻi o nā hoʻāʻo ka ʻano Laperla mua - 575 c / ha. ʻO ka hua o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe mai 385 a 448 kg / ha. ʻOiai ʻo nā "veterans" o ka kōpaki Zekur a me Rosar ʻaʻole e nalowale i ko lākou kūlana, ʻo kā lākou hua 396 a me 434 c / ha.
Inā makemake kēia moʻomeheu i ka mākeke, a laila pehea e ulu ai kahi agrarian me ka nui o ka hoʻokele waiwai? He mea nui kekahi ala hoʻohui ma aneʻi. ʻAʻohe mea nui i like me ka ʻenehana, kēlā me kēia hana i kona ʻāpana pono ʻole i ka "pēpē piggy" o ka ʻohi a, i ka hopena, loaʻa ke kālā.
Wahi a ka Luna Hoʻokele o ka 'Oihana Hoʻolālā Kūloa, Mīkini, Chemicalization a me ka Hoʻōla Hapa o ka Kuhina Kūloko o ka Russian Federation P.A. ʻO Chekmareva, kahi o ke ʻano o nā ʻano hua me ka hua kiʻekiʻe o ka hua kanu, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia i ka waiwai ma ka hapa o 20%.
I ka 2017, ʻo ka ʻāpana o ka hana hua ʻana mai ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻanoʻano o nā ʻano hou he 603 biliona rubles (24%). ʻAʻole emi iki nā mea ʻē aʻe: ʻo ka hopena o ka hana e pili ana i nā lakohana a me nā ʻenehana e 25%, ma nā mea momona a me nā huahana pale pale - e 23%, ma ka lepo a me nā kūlana o ka manawa - e 20%, ma ka hoʻohuli hua - e 12%.
ʻO ka paʻakikī āpau o nā kumu a me ke kekelē o kā lākou hāʻawi i ka hopena hopena - hua - hiki ke loaʻa ma Fig. 2, e hōʻike nei i ka loaʻa awelika no nā ʻano ʻuala SOLANA i hoʻāʻo ʻia i kēia mau ʻāina ma 2017.
Ua lilo ka makahiki ʻo 2017 i mea paʻakikī a ma ka hapanui o nā ʻāina i hōʻike ʻia e ke kauwela wā lōʻihi, kahi i hele ai i kahi lōlihi a i kahi lōʻihi lōʻihi. ʻAʻole like nā kauwela o ke kauwela maikaʻi i nā kūlana maikaʻi, ʻo ka nui o ka umauma ma nā mahana lōʻihi ma lalo o ke kumu climatic i waiho ʻia i kona ʻano ma ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka hua.
Ua paʻakikī hoʻi ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ma nā wahi he nui o ka ʻāina e ka ua mau. I ka manawa like, i nā wahi i alakaʻi i nā wahi ma lalo o kaʻuala - Bryansk, Nizhny Novgorod, Tula, Sverdlovsk mau ʻāina - ua loaʻa ka hua kiʻekiʻe: 625 c / ha, 528 c / ha, 530 c / ha, 525 c / ha. ʻO nā mahiʻai i kēia mau wahi, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe a me nā ʻenehana, ka hana kūpono ʻana me nā mea momona a me nā huahana pale pale, hiki ke ʻike pono i ka hiki o nā ʻano. ʻO ka hua nui o kā mākou helu hōʻike hoʻāʻo - 646 c / ha - i loaʻa ma ka Lepupalika ʻo Ingushetia, kahi i hoʻohana pono ai nā mahiʻai i nā ʻano mahiʻai mahiʻai varietal, e hoʻolohe ana i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a nā mea hānai a hoʻohui i nā ʻaoʻao āpau o ka ʻenehana i hoʻokahi hoʻokahi.
Mai 400 a 500 c / ha i loaʻa ma Moscow, Tambov, Voronezh, Oryol, Kursk, Chelyabinsk, Rostov ʻāpana. Mai 300 a 400 c / ha - ma Kurgan, Pskov, Belgorod, Ulyanovsk wahi, nā Repubalika o Tatarstan, UdmurTiya, Bashkortostan, Stavropol Territory.
ʻO ka hopena o nā mākeke kūʻai i ka makahiki 2017 ma ka awelika o Lūlā he 236 kg / ha. He mea lawa paha kēia no ka mahiʻai? E like me ka hōʻike ʻana o ka helu helu (Papa Helu 1), i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i nā ʻenehana hou a me nā ʻenehana no ka hana ʻana o nā ʻuala ma kahi pānaʻa he 100 heketeleka (90 hekeleka o nā mākeke kūʻai a 10 mau hēkē o nā hua), e uku ka papahana no ia iho i loko o ʻelima mau makahiki me ka hua kalepa kōna ʻo 500 c / ha, kahi ho'ēmi huahana ma nā hana o 50 c mau ana i ka uku o kahi uku i 7 mau makahiki. Hoʻoweliweli ka hōʻuluʻana o ka makahiki ma ka Russian Federation i ka poʻe mahiai me nā poho nui.
Ke hoʻomanaʻo hou nei no kahi kaʻina paʻakikī, makemake wau e hoʻopau me kahi ʻōlelo mai ke kula aʻoaʻo naʻauao ʻo Halford E. Luccock: “ʻAʻole hiki ke pāʻani i kekahi symphony wale nō. No ka hana i kēia, pono ʻoe i kahi orchestra holoʻokoʻa... A ʻo ka pila hea e lilo i alakaʻi i kēia ʻaha mele iā ʻoe.