Wahi a Rosstat, pau ka awelika Lūkini mai 43,8 a 64,4 kg o kaʻuala i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a eia kekahi, ʻo ka uala kahi hānai nui a me nā mea kanu ʻoihana. I ka Russian Federation, ulu ʻia ia ma kahi o 1188 tausani hectares, ʻoi aku ma mua o 50% o ia mau mea i hoʻopili ʻia i nā Central Central a me Volga Federal Districts. Mahalo i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻenehana, ke ulu nei ka pono o ka mahi ʻana i nā mea kanu i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO kekahi o nā ʻāpana o ke kūleʻa, hōʻoia ʻana i ka hana kiʻekiʻe a me ka maikaʻi o kaʻuala, kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻomohala maikaʻi o ka meaʻai mineral.
No ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hua kaʻuala o 50 t / ha, pono ia e hoʻohui ma ka liʻiliʻi 175 kg o ka naikokene, 70 kg o ka phosphore a me 300 kg o ka potassium, 100 kg o ka calcium, 45 kg o ka magnesium a me 15 kg o ka luaipele. ma ke ʻano he mau helu kumumea. Hoʻolālā ka nui o nā mahiʻai i kēia manawa 60-70 t / ha, no laila, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka mahele uku no nā mea kanu mineral.
ʻO kaʻuala kahi aloha ʻuala, nā mea kanu chlorophobic e makemake i nā lepo loam one one. ʻO Nitrogen ke kuleana no ka ulu ʻana o nā lau ikaika a olakino hoʻi, e hānai ana i nā kōpuʻu, a hoʻopau ʻia e nā uala i loko o ke kau ulu. Pono ka phosphor i ka ulu mua ʻana o nā aʻa a me nā wana, hōʻoia ia i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka nui o nā kūmole, a hoʻololi i ko lākou nui. ʻO ka potassium i ka pae hope loa o ke kau ulu e hāpai i ka kahe ʻana o nā meaʻai mai nā piko a i nā kōpura, e hoʻoholo ana i ka waiwai a me ka ʻono o kaʻuala.
I ka wā ulu, huki like ʻole kaʻuala i nā meaʻai. Kū ka wā ʻoi loa i ka manawa o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka tubers a mau a hiki i ko lākou oʻo piha ʻana. I kēia manawa, maʻalahi ka mea kanu i ke kaulike ʻole o nā meaola a pane piha loa i ka hānai ʻana i nā lau.
Mākala uala Avrora™ 14-14-23
Nui nā huahana i loko o ka waihona EuroChem, ka hoʻohana ʻana o ia mau mea ma kaʻuala e hōʻike i ka ʻoi loa o ka pono. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo kēia ka Avrora nitroammophoska brand 14-14-23.
Aia i loko o ka Avrora ™ 14-14-23 he 50/50 nitrate a me ka nitrogen amonium, phosphorus i kahi ʻano maʻalahi hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, ʻaʻohe sodium. Hoʻohui ʻia, ma muli o ka hoʻohui maoli o nā mea maka, loaʻa i ka mea momona ka mea nui e like me ka sulfur (1,7%), calcium (0,2-0,5%) a me ka magnesium (0,9%). Ma ke ʻāpana o ka Avrora ™ 14-14-23 ka palena iki o ka chlorine, ma muli o kēia mea momona hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i ka puna ma mua o ke kanu ʻana a i ʻole ke kanu ʻana i kaʻuala (i kūʻē i ka potassium chloride). Paipai ʻia e hoʻopili iā ia wale nō i ka wā o ke kauwela, no laila i ka manawa o ke kanu ʻana, he manawa ka ions chlorine e holoi ai i waho o ka lepo, ʻoiai lākou e hoʻolohi ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka ulu ʻana o nā tubers.
ʻO ka helu noi i noi ʻia o 14-14-23 400-1000 kg / ha (inā ʻaʻole pili ʻo KCl mai ka wā o ka hāʻule), hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻelua mau lole: ka lūlū mua a me ka lūlū mua ʻana i ka lakio o 3: 1 . Inā noi ʻia ʻo KCl no ka mahi mahi ʻana, a laila 200-300 kg / ha ka mea hana.
ʻO ka nitrate kalipona ma kahi o ka nitrate ammonium
ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻo kaʻuala nā mea kanu e hoʻomanawanui i ka waikawa o ka lepo, lawe lākou i ka nui o ka puna. Hoʻohui ʻia, ka pane maikaʻi loa o ka nohona o ka lepo (pHnā wai 6,2-7,0) kahi hōʻoia o ka loaʻa o nā meaola no nā mea kanu, a, no laila, e loaʻa ana nā hua kiʻekiʻe.
Ma muli o ka nui o nā ʻāina mahi ʻuala i loaʻa i nā lepo ʻakika, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻōnaehana o ka amonium nitrate e hoʻoliʻiliʻi hou i ka pH, a laila e hoʻoliʻiliʻi ka lepo a me ka lilo o ka momona. ʻO kahi ʻē aʻe ka mea hoʻomomona nitrogen-limestone fertilizer (NLF) mai EuroChem. ʻAʻole hoʻohui ʻo UAI i ka lepo, hoʻomaikaʻi i kāna mau pono kino, hāʻawi i nā mea kanu me ka nitrogen pono a hāʻawi pū kekahi i ka calcium a me ka magnesium.
ʻO kēia mea momona, i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, kahi hopena hoʻokuʻu nitrogen hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ma muli o ka ʻūlū omo - dolomite. Hoʻohana superficially ia, me ka ʻole o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi mahele o 300-350 kg / ha, e ʻōlelo ʻia e puʻunaue ʻia i ʻelua mau lole - ʻo ka mua ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka lau ʻekolu, ʻo ka lua ma hope o 2-15 mau lā.
Hana pepa
ʻO ka hānai lau kahi ʻāpana hoʻohui o ka hana o ka ʻuala. Me kona kōkua, hiki ke hoʻonāukiuki i ka moʻomeheu i kekahi mau pae o ka hoʻomohala, hoʻoponopono koke i ka hemahema o kekahi mea, a hoʻonui i ke kūpaʻa ʻana o nā mea kanu i nā kumu kūlohelohe ʻole. ʻO nā mea momona hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai o ka laina Aqualis i mea lawelawe no kēia.© mai EuroChem. Ma muli o 100% solubility a me bioavailability, ka nele o ka sodium, ka chlorine a me nā mea ballast i ka hoʻohui, kūpono kēia mau huahana no ka hānai ʻana i nā lau. Laina Aqualis© - eia nā mana 7 me nā lakio like ʻole o NPK, S a me Mg, hoʻonui pū ʻia me nā microelement i kahi chelated form: Fe, B, Zn, Cu, Mn, Mo. Ke hoʻomaka nei, ke kaulike a me nā māka hope loa, no kēlā me kēia pae o ka hoʻomohala - kāna ʻano ponoʻī ponoʻī. Ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻolālā hānai Aqualis piha© ua hōʻoia ʻia i nā manawa he nui i nā hoʻāʻo kahua ma nā ʻano ʻuala.
Ke nānā nei i ke kahua
I ka ʻĀina Oryol, ma nā lepo acidic ikaika, ka hoʻololi o 10-26-26 (400 kg / ha) a me ka amonium nitrate (300 kg / ha) me ka papa 14-14-23 Avrora™ (500 kg / ha) a me AIM (370 kg / ha) i lawe hou mai i ka 11,4 t / ha i ka hua. I ka manawa like, ua hoʻēmi ke degere o ka hōʻino ʻana i nā mea kanu e alternaria e 2,9%, e ka hopena o ke ahi - e 10,1%, ua emi ka maʻi o nā nitrates mai 120 a 91 mg / kg. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kahi hopena ʻokoʻa mai ka hoʻolauna ʻana i kahi UAI kūlike ʻole i ke kino ma ka 8,1 t / ha o ka hoʻonui e pili ana i ka amonium nitrate i nā huahana like no a.i. (e nānā i ka Chart 1).
Ua hoʻāʻo ʻo AO Severka, Māpana ʻo Moscow, i ka hoʻololi o ka papa 10-26-26 (600 kg / ha) me Avrora™ 14-14-23 (650 kg / ha) a me ka ammonium nitrate (300 kg / ha) ma AIM (370 kg / ha). Ua hoʻonui ʻia ke kumumanaʻo me ka ʻaukā lau o Aqualis©: 18-18-18 (3 kg / ha) no nā pua 5-15 cm, 18-18-18 (3 kg / ha) no nā kiʻekiʻe 15-30 cm, 13-40-13 (3 kg / ha) i ka pae ʻōpuʻu, 6-14-35 (4 kg / ha) 3-4 mau pule ma mua o ka ʻohi ʻana.
ʻO ka hopena he hoʻonui i ka loaʻa e 9,8 t / ha a ʻoi aku ma mua o 91 tausani rubles / ha o ka loaʻa kālā hou (e nānā i ke Kuhi 2).
I OOO SK im. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻo Kalinin "o ka Teritori Krasnodar i kahi hoʻolālā like o ka foliar fertilizing Aqualis©: 18-18-18 ma luna o 10-15 knm, 13-40-13 i ka wā ʻōpuʻu, 3-11-38 3 mau pule ma mua o ka ʻohi ʻana. Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻomomona ma kahi mahele o 3 kg / ha me nā huahana pale pale. Ma ka mahiʻai, hoʻohana wale ʻia nā mea kanu lepo. ʻO ka hopena i hoʻonui ʻia i ka hua mai ka papahana EuroChem i 3,3 t / ha, loaʻa kālā net - 61 tausani rubles / ha. (e nānā i ka Chart 3).
Eia nō naʻe he mau nīnau? E hauʻoli ka poʻe loea o EuroChem e kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo i nā nuances o ka meaʻai mineral o kaʻuala, koho i nā mea momona a me nā hoʻolālā no kā lākou hoʻohana e kū i nā kūlana o kāu mahiʻai.
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