Loaʻa i ka ʻuala kahi ākea o nā pathogens e hoʻoulu ai i nā maʻi o nā ʻano etiologies i loko. Ma nā ʻāpana o ka ulu ʻana i ka ʻuala, ʻo nā maʻi ākea e like me ka rhizoctoniosis, fusarium rot maloʻo, phomosis, late blight a me alternariosis e hoʻopilikia nui ai.
ʻO ka rhizoctoniosis ʻuala i kekahi mau maʻi ma luna aʻe ka mea ʻino loa. No laila, no ka laʻana, ʻo ka phomosis a me ka fusarium maloʻo maloʻo i kēlā me kēia makahiki e lawe i ka awelika o 15-20% o ka huaʻai, ʻoiai mai ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ka emi ʻana o ka hua e 45-50%. ʻO Rhizoctonia solani Kühn (Thanatephorus cucumeria (Franc) Donk) kahi maʻi pathogen lepo i laha nui ma nā ʻano kaiaola. Hiki i ka fungus ke hoʻopōʻino i 230 mau ʻano o nā mea kanu i kanu ʻia a me nā mea kanu.
Ke hoʻopilikia ʻia nā mea kanu ʻuala e ka rhizoctoniosis a i ʻole ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, ʻike ʻia nā maʻi ʻeleʻele maloʻo ma ka ʻaoʻao o lalo o nā kumu, kani pinepine i ke kumu a alakaʻi i ka pōʻino i nā ʻōpuʻu, constriction a me ka make o nā wana. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka melemele, ka wilting a me ka wili ʻana o nā lau (e hoʻomaka ana mai luna). Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka tuberization, ua hōʻino ʻia nā stolons a me nā aʻa a hāʻule: lilo lākou i ʻeleʻele, hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia ka sclerotia o ka fungus ma luna o lākou. ʻO ka hopena, ʻike ʻia ka thinning o nā mea kanu a me nā hoʻouka ʻana o nā mea kanu, ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ka hua. Eia kekahi, ʻike ʻia ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka sessile a me ka ea tubers; a ma ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe i ka papa lepo o ka ea ma ke kumu o nā ʻōpala a puni lākou, ʻike ʻia kahi uhi keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo o ka sporulation o ka "wāwae keʻokeʻo" i ka lepo, e hōʻike ana i kahi kaʻina hana pathological koʻikoʻi ma nā ʻāpana lalo i ka wā wā ulu o nā mea kanu. Ma nā ʻōpala, hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ka maʻi ma ke ʻano he sclerotia (ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele crust), necrosis net, ʻike hohonu, ʻino, a me nā māwae.
Hiki ke ola i ka haʻuki ma kahi ākea o nā mahana (3-27 ° C) a me ka lepo lepo, ʻoi aku ka pōʻino o ka maʻi i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka lepo kiʻekiʻe a me nā mahana kiʻekiʻe a me ka lepo haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o ka haʻahaʻa o ke kaiapuni e hoʻonui i ka ikaika o ka pōʻino rhizoctoniosis. Hoʻohana wale ka mea haʻahaʻa me ka mahana. ʻO ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e hoʻolōʻihi i ka ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu, a ʻo nā ʻuala etiolated e noho lōʻihi i ka lepo, e hōʻiliʻili i ka nui o nā sugars maʻalahi hiki ke loaʻa i ka haʻiki, a ʻoi aku ka hopena o ka maʻi. No laila, ʻo nā ʻōpala i loaʻa i ka rhizoctoniosis ma lalo o nā kūlana kukui kūlohelohe ma +20 C e hōʻike ana i nā hōʻailona mua o ka hōʻino ʻana i nā ʻōpuʻu ma hope o 7-8 mau lā, me nā kukui hou - ma hope o 4 mau pule. Ua hoʻokumu pū ʻia ka maʻalahi o nā mea kanu ʻuala iā R. solani me ka nele o ka potassium i ka lepo (hoʻemi ka potassium i ka nui o nā mea kanu maʻi mai 66 a 10-15%).
Ka papa inoa o nā kumu i hoʻohana ʻia:
- Sneh B. Identification of Rhizoctonia species / B. Sneh, L. Burpee, A. Ogoshi // St. Paul, MN, USA: APS Press, 1991. - 133 p. 27.
- Sneh B. Rhizoctoniaʻano: Taxonomy, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Pathology, and Control / B. Sneh, S. Jabaji-Hare, S. Neate, G. Dijst // Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996. - 578 p.