ʻO Svetlana Konstantinova, ke poʻo o ka ʻuala Breeding and Seed Group, Chuvash Research Institute of Agriculture - lālā o ka FGBNU FARC o ka North-East
Hana nā ʻepekema ʻepekema o ka Chuvash Research Institute of Agriculture i ka noiʻi ʻepekema ma ke kahua o ka hoʻoulu ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i nā hua o ka palaoa a me nā mea kanu leguminous, mauʻu perennial, soybeans, hops a me nā ʻuala.
Ua hoʻomaka ka institute e komo i ka hoʻoulu ʻuala i ka makahiki 2010, he wahi ʻōpio kēia o ka hana no kā mākou hui ʻepekema a no Chuvashia holoʻokoʻa. Hana ʻia ka hana me nā loea mai ka Federal Potato Research Center i kapa ʻia ma hope o A.I. A.G. Lorkha: ma kā mākou kauoha, hoʻouna lākou i nā hybrids single-tuber me kekahi mau ʻano varietal i ka Research Institute of Agriculture.
Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, noi mākou i nā ʻano ʻano mua a me ka waena, no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki i nā ʻano waena waena o ka ʻāina ʻo Volga-Vyatka ke hoʻomaopopo mau i ko lākou hiki ma muli o ke ʻano o ka wā, aia nā hau mua.
Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka huakaʻi, hāʻawi mākou i ka makemake i nā ʻano papaʻaina, ʻoiai ke loli mālie nei ka mākeke, ke hoʻomaka nei nā mea kūʻai aku e makemake i nā ʻano no ka hoʻoponopono hohonu ʻana, ka pahu pahu. Hoʻomaopopo mākou i ke kala o ka peel a me ka pulp, ka hohonu o nā maka. I kēia manawa ʻoi aku ka makemake o nā ʻano me ka ʻili keʻokeʻo a me ka ʻiʻo melemele, akā ʻekolu a ʻehā mau makahiki i hala aku nei nā ʻano me ka ʻili ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻiʻo keʻokeʻo. ʻO ke koʻikoʻi nui nō hoʻi ke kūʻē i ka late blight, Alternaria a me nā maʻi maʻamau.
Mai nā hybrids hopena, koho mākou i ka mea hoʻohiki maikaʻi loa no kā mākou ʻāina. Mai ka makahiki ʻelua o ka mahiʻai ʻana, koho mākou i nā laʻana no ka hoʻāʻo mua ʻana (e hana ʻia ke koho ʻana e like me ka ʻoi aku ma mua o 50 mau koi: ke nānā nei mākou i ka compactness o ka lāʻau, ka helu o nā tubers, etc.). A laila neʻe nā alakaʻi o kēia pae i nā hoʻokolohua nui, a laila i nā mea hoʻokūkū. ʻO kēlā mau koho e hōʻike ana i nā hopena maikaʻi aʻe i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā kūlana i loaʻa i ko mākou ʻāina, ke waiho nei mākou no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka mokuʻāina. He hana lōʻihi a paʻahana loa kēia.
I loko o ka waihona puaʻa o nā mea hānai o ka Chuvash Research Institute of Agriculture, i kēia manawa aia hoʻokahi wale nō ʻano ʻuala - ʻo Avan (kahi patent no ka hoʻokō hānau ʻana i loaʻa i 2020). ʻO Avan mai Chuvash ʻo ia ka maikaʻi, olakino. Nā ʻano waena waena, no ka hoʻohana papaʻaina. He hōʻike maikaʻi loa ia: ʻulaʻula ka ʻili, keʻokeʻo ka ʻiʻo. I ka pūnana, ma ka awelika, mai 8 a 12 mau tubers nui (ʻo nā mea liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o 30 g, ʻaʻole paha).
ʻAʻole like ka ʻano like ʻole i ke ʻano o ka wā, hāʻawi i ka ʻohi maikaʻi i nā makahiki maloʻo a i nā kau me ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe. Kū'ē i ka phytophthora (me nā piko), ma muli o ka ʻili ʻili kūpono no ka ʻohi ʻana i ka mīkini.
Akā ʻaʻole mākou e hoʻōki. Ma 2021, e like me nā hopena o ka hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū, ua koho ʻia nā helu 14. I ka pau ana o ka hooilo E loiloi ko mākou poʻe loea i ke ʻano o ke ola ʻana o ke komo ʻana i ka wā mālama: e hōʻole ʻia ka poʻe i ulu mua ʻia (hiki paha i ia mau ʻano ke kū i ka tuberization lua).
Ma kahi o ka hana hoʻoulu ʻana, ke hana nei ka Chuvash Research Institute of Agriculture i ka hana hua mua o ʻehiku mau ʻuala: Zhukovsky early, Avan, Vineta, Courage, Irbitsky, Vympel, Reggi.
Hoʻokumu mākou i nā mea kanu (kūʻai ʻia nā ʻuala elite) no ka mahiʻai ʻuala o ka Chuvash Republic, aia nō nā mea kūʻai maʻamau ma ka ʻāina ʻo Samara a me ka Repubalika o Kazakhstan. Aia ma waena o ka poʻe kūʻai aku he kanaka pilikino (LPH).
I kēia manawa, lawa ka nui o ka hana no kēlā me kēia kanaka, ʻoiai i kēia manawa, inā ʻaʻole nui i koe a hiki i ka pūnāwai, loaʻa iā mākou kahi mālama. Akā he mea nui e noʻonoʻo i nā makahiki he nui i ka lālani nā kumukūʻai no ka ʻuala papaʻaina ma Russia a me Kazakhstan ma kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a he liʻiliʻi ka poʻe i makemake e hana i kēia mea kanu. I ka makahiki i hala, ua piʻi ke kumukūʻai o ka ʻuala, a ua piʻi koke ka makemake i nā hua.
I ka wā e hiki mai ana, manaʻo wau, e hoʻomohala maoli ke kuhikuhi, aia nā manawa āpau no ka ulu ʻana i ka ʻuala hua ma ka repubalika.