Hui «Pākani Soyuz» hōʻike i nā hopena ʻoihana no 2022. Ke hoʻomau nei ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻoihana hoʻoheheʻe palaoa me ka mālie akā paʻa. I ka makahiki 2022, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka hana ʻana o nā starches i hoʻololi ʻia a me ka maltodextrin - ke hoʻololi ʻia nei ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kēia mau ʻano huahana. I ka makahiki 2022, ma muli o ka piʻi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai logistic, ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana o nā kālepa kālā a me ka destabilization o nā lako, nā hoʻoiho a me nā lawe ʻana mai o nā huahana mai ka ʻoihana hoʻoheheʻe hohonu i hōʻemi nui ʻia. Ua hoʻomohala nā luna aupuni i nā ʻano hana like ʻole e kākoʻo i ka ʻoihana; ua paʻa nā hana kākoʻo a ke hoʻohana ʻia nei e nā hui.
Hōʻike ka Association of Advanced Grain Processing Enterprises i nā hanana koʻikoʻi i ka ʻoihana ma 2022. ʻO ka makahiki i hala aku nei, ua kū nā hui i nā pilikia hou: hoʻokumu i nā kaulahao lako hou no nā lako, nā ʻāpana, nā enzymes a me nā reagents. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻāʻo nā ʻoihana i ka ʻoihana e hoʻonui i ka hiki, hoʻonui i ka huahana huahana, a hoʻololi i kekahi mau ʻano o nā mea lawe mai. ʻO ka holoʻokoʻa, ua pau ka 2022 me nā hoʻoikaika maikaʻi no ka ʻoihana.
Ke hana nei ka ʻoihana hoʻoheheʻe palaoa hohonu o Rūsia ma kahi o 2,5 miliona tons o ka palaoa a hana i kahi o 1 miliona tons o nā huahana i hoʻopau ʻia. Ke noho mau nei kēia ʻoihana ma Rūsia, akā loaʻa iā ia nā manawa āpau e hoʻomohala, hoʻomaka i nā ʻoihana hou, nā laina hana a komo i nā mākeke kūʻai hou. Ke kūkulu ʻia nei kekahi mau papahana nui.
Kākoʻo ikaika ʻia e ka mokuʻāina ka ʻoihana o ka hana ʻai hohonu. No ka laʻana, hāʻawi ʻia nā mea hana starch me nā hōʻaiʻē hoʻopukapuka i ka wā e hana ai a hoʻololi paha i nā ʻoihana a me nā hōʻaiʻē makemake no ke kūʻai ʻana i nā mea maka no ka hana ʻana ma hope. Aia kekahi ana e hoʻihoʻi i nā kumukūʻai logistic i ka wā e hoʻokuʻu aku ai i nā huahana, uku hou i nā kumukūʻai ke komo nā hui i nā hanana hōʻikeʻike a me nā mea kākoʻo ʻē aʻe.
Ua hoʻomaka ka mana hou o ke kānāwai Federal "On Grain", e like me ka FSIS "Grain" i kūkulu ʻia. Ma 2022, ʻo ka hōʻike ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana no nā kaʻina hana he manawaleʻa, akā kokoke i nā ʻoihana āpau i hoʻomaka e hana i ka ʻōnaehana traceability. Mai Malaki 1, 2023, ua koi ʻia ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ʻike e pili ana i nā huahana hoʻoili palaoa i ka ʻōnaehana.
I ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā ana o ke kākoʻo o ka mokuʻāina, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hōʻike ka ʻoihana i ka ulu nui o ka nui o nā huahana i hana ʻia (Table 1), a no laila aia kahi hoʻemi ʻōnaehana o ka hilinaʻi ʻana i ka lawe ʻana mai o kekahi mau huahana me ka waiwai hoʻohui kiʻekiʻe. Papa 2), ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka laina huahana, a me ka manawa kūpono e komo ai i nā mākeke honua hou (Table 3).
Hōʻike ka dynamics o ka ʻoihana i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka ulu lohi akā paʻa. Wahi a Rosstat a me Association, i ka makahiki 2022, ʻike mākou i ka piʻi nui loa (39%) i ka hana ʻana i nā starches i hoʻololi ʻia, ʻo ia ka mea e pono ai ke hoʻololi i nā analogues i lawe ʻia mai a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā mea kūʻai aku i nā huahana kūloko - i kēia makahiki ka hana ʻana o nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻO nā ʻano hoʻololi meaʻai o ka starch ka nui o 94 tons.
ʻO ka hana ʻana o ka amino acid lysine, i hana ʻia ma Rūsia e nā ʻoihana ʻelua, hoʻonui ʻia e 22% i ka makahiki. I ka makahiki 2022, ʻo ka hana ʻana o ka L-lysine sulfate i loko o ka hale he 142 tons.
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā huahana starch ʻē aʻe i ka ulu ʻana o 1% a 10% (Paukū 1). Ua emi ka hana o dextrins e 72%, akā noho kēia huahana i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi i ka ʻoihana.
Papa 1 - Ka hana ʻana i nā huahana starch a me ka starch, tons
2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | Dynamics 2022 a 2021, % | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nā mākū, koe wale nō i hoʻololi ʻia (maoli) | 294 654 | 324 914 | 354 032 | 374 812 | 6 |
ʻO Dextrins | 8 165 | 9 526 | 10 5324 | 2 939 | -72 |
Nā mākū i hoʻololi ʻia | 58 804 | 61 103 | 68 006 | 94 355 | 39 |
Glucose-fructose syrups | 152 504 | 200 625 | 260 002 | 278 190 | 7 |
Maltodextrin | 19 131 | 20 073 | 49 773 | 54 960 | 10 |
Mākaʻikaʻi syrup (glucose syrups) | 466 648 | 467 235 | 476 940 | 494 103 | 1 |
Lysine | 80 000 | 90 000 | 117 000 | 142 729 | 22 |
Wahi a ka Federal Customs Service, ua emi iho ka lawe ʻana mai o ka starch a me nā mea i loaʻa i kēia makahiki no ka hapa nui o nā huahana nui. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ʻo lysine ma nā ʻano ʻelua (sulfate a me monohydrochloride), ua hoʻonui ʻia ka lawe ʻana mai e 37%, i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia e ka zeroing o nā dute dute (Table 2).
ʻO ka emi nui loa ma 2022 a 2021 i loaʻa i ka māhele o ka starch syrup (glucose syrups) - 109 mau manawa. Hoʻemi ʻia ka lawe ʻana mai o maltodextrin e 71%, hoʻemi ʻia ka lawe ʻana mai o nā dextrins e 59%, nā starches i hoʻololi ʻia e 46%, nā starches maoli i lawe ʻia e 24% a me nā glucose-fructose syrups e 4%, kēlā me kēia, emi.
Papa 2 - Ka lawe ʻia ʻana mai o nā huahana starch a me ka starch, nā tona
2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | Dynamics 2022 a 2021, % | |
Nā mākū, koe wale nō i hoʻololi ʻia (maoli) | 22 363 | 24 574 | 40 225 | 32 341 | -24 |
Nā mākū i hoʻololi ʻia | 95 958 | 94 656 | 103 541 | 71 076 | -46 |
Glucose-fructose syrups | 422 | 257 | 5 467 | 5 261 | -4 |
ʻO Dextrins | 1 079 | 889 | 1 489 | 938 | -59 |
Maltodextrin | 14 625 | 10 038 | 5 740 | 3 359 | -71 |
Mākaʻikaʻi syrup (glucose syrups) | 4 082 | 794 | 8 320 | 76 | -10 847 |
Lysine | 60 834 | 53 352 | 43 130 | 68 783 | 37 |
ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā huahana kiʻekiʻe i hoʻohui ʻia i ka makahiki 2022 ua emi nui hoʻi no nā huahana nui, ma muli o ka hāʻawi hou ʻana o ka mākeke a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka noi i ka mākeke kūloko.
ʻO ka emi nui loa o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana ma 542% i ʻike ʻia i ka lawe ʻana aku i ka lysine - 7 tausani ma 442. Ma muli o ka pāpā ʻana i ka lawe ʻana aku i ka lysine ma waho o Rūsia, i mau a hiki i ka hopena o 2022.
I nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe, he emi nui i ka makahiki 2022 i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 2021 i loaʻa i nā glucose-fructose syrups, kahi o 273% ka liʻiliʻi i lawe ʻia - 394 tons. Aia he 226% emi mai ka starch syrup - 7 tons, 442% emi mai nā starch i ho'ololi 'ia, 61% emi maltodextrin. Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka lawe ʻana aku i nā dextrins e 8% (Table 90).
He ʻokoʻa loa ka mākeke kūʻai aku no nā lako huahana. I ka manawa like, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka lawe ʻana aku i nā huahana i hana ʻia i nā ʻāina o ka Middle East, Africa a me ʻAmelika Hema. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā syrups glucose ma ke ʻano wai i Turkmenistan a me Uzbekistan. ʻO ka nui nui o ka glucose syrups ma ke ʻano maloʻo e lawe ʻia aku i Lebanona a me Ioredane. Loaʻa nā mākeke kūʻai Maltodextrin ma mua o 40 mau ʻāina, me Cote d'Ivoire, South Africa, UAE, Chile, Egypt, Colombia, Ghana, Turkey, Dominican Republic. Hele nā mākū hoʻololi cationic i Mongolia, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, a me Tajikistan. ʻO nā starch i hoʻololi ʻia, i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i ka pahu corrugated a me ka hana ʻaila, lawe ʻia i Iraq, Georgia, Uzbekistan, Turkey, Tajikistan, a me Turkmenistan.
Papa 3 - Ka lawe ʻana aku i nā huahana starch a me ka starch, nā tona
2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | Dynamics 2022 a 2021, % | |
Nā mākū, koe wale nō i hoʻololi ʻia (maoli) | 29 279 | 26 257 | 48 814 | 38 366 | -27 |
Nā mākū i hoʻololi ʻia | 7 151 | 7 484 | 8 142 | 5 072 | -61 |
Glucose-fructose syrups | 852 | 334 | 1 470 | 394 | -273 |
ʻO Dextrins | 461 | 461 | 166 | 1 705 | 90 |
Maltodextrin | 981 | 1235 | 13 536 | 12 577 | -8 |
Mākaʻikaʻi syrup (glucose syrups) | 19 834 | 33 764 | 24 250 | 7 442 | -226 |
Lysine | 1 652 | 736 | 616 | 96 | -542 |
I kēia lā, ʻo nā ʻano kumu nui o nā mea maka no ka hana ʻana i ka starch palaoa ma Rūsia e noho mau i ka palaoa a me ka palaoa. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka ʻāpana mākū kulina ka hapa nui loa o ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana, ma ke kino a me ke kālā.
Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka palaoa mai ka makahiki i hala, me 2022 tons i hana ʻia ma 316. He 599 tona ka nui o na mea i laweia mai, a he 5 tona no na mea i laweia aku. Hāʻawi ʻia ka mākiko kulina i Kolombia, Cote D'Ivoire, ʻEkuador a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe (Diagram 262).
Kiʻikuhi 1 - Mākaʻi kulina, tona
Ua hoʻomau ka hana ʻana o ka ʻuala i ka pae like - 11 tons i 131 a me 2022 tons i 11. Ua emi iki ka lawe ʻana mai o nā starch potato - ʻoi aku ka nui o 483 tons i 2021 i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 10500 tausani tons i 2021. Ua emi nui ka lawe ʻana aku - i 4800 tons i kēlā me kēia makahiki (Diagram 2020).
Diagram 3 - Mākaʻuala, tona