I ka 2020, ma muli o ka pani ʻana o nā palena a me ka hoʻolauna ʻana o nā pāpā ma ke komo ʻana o nā haole, he nui nā ʻoihana mahiʻai Lūkia i kū i ka hapa nui o nā limahana. E like me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kēia kau i hōʻike ai, i ka wā i hala aku nei ua māhuahua wale ke kūlana o ka ʻoihana, a ʻaʻole mākou e loiloi i ka nui o nā hopena i ka hopena o ke kauwela, ke hoʻomaka ka ʻohi.
Wahi a nā mahiʻai he nui, ʻaʻohe mea maʻalahi e hōʻiliʻili ai.
E like me ke poʻo o ka Volga-Agromashimport Volgograd mahiʻai ʻo Yuri Lemyakin, ua hoʻomaka nā mea mahiʻai mahiʻai e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka pilikia ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hana puna. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, kahi hapa nui o ka poʻe malihini i haʻalele i ko lākou ʻāina ponoʻī, a me nā nīnau: inā hiki iā lākou ke hoʻi a inā hiki iā lākou, i ka manawa hea e hiki ai, noho mau ʻole ʻia. Pehea e kūʻai ai i nā ʻanoʻano i kēlā ʻano?
- I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ma kahi o 12 ka nui o ka poʻe malihini i hana ma ka moku Volgograd (a ʻoi aku ka nui ma nā wahi ulu mea kanu ʻekolu: Gorodishchensky, Sredneakhtubinsky, Svetloyarsky). I ka makahiki i hala, ma mua o ka hoʻolauna ʻana o nā ana quarantine, ma kahi o 3-3,5 tausani mau kānaka i hoʻokele e kipa iā mākou. Ua paʻakikī ke kau, nā kumukūʻai no kēlā me kēia limahana, a ma muli o kēia, ke kumu kūʻai o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe holoʻokoʻa, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia. I kēia makahiki, inā hana ka tausani kānaka no mākou, maikaʻi kēlā. A i ke kauwela e ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi: ʻo ka poʻe ʻaʻole hiki a loaʻa ʻole ka manawa e hoʻohou i kā lākou palapala hana a hiki i Iune 15 (e like me ka Decree a ka Pelekikena o ka Russian Federation o Dekemaba 15, 2020 No. 791) e haʻalele . ʻAʻole e hana kekahi.
Ua huli nā mea kanu mea kanu i nā mana kūpono āpau a hoʻolālā e hoʻokō i nā koi āpau e pono ai nā luna. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole mākaukau lākou no kekahi mau ʻano.
"Ke hana nei wau me ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana o nā palapala no ke komo ʻana o ka poʻe malihini no kahi o 18 mau makahiki., - wahi a Yuri Lemyakin, - a i loko o kēia manawa ʻaʻohe makahiki no ka hoʻomaʻalahi ʻia o nā lula o ke komo ʻana a i ʻole noho liuliu paha.
I kēia makahiki, ua hoʻouna mua mākou i nā noi no ʻelua mau mahina, i hōʻiliʻili a hāʻawi i nā ʻano ʻikepili, hoʻokomo iā lākou ma nā pūnaewele. I ka manawa like, ua hoʻopau ʻia kekahi o nā koina, ʻoiai ma ka hana ua lilo ia i mea hiki ʻole.
A laila ua komo mai kahi ʻike hou: ʻo nā ʻoihana nui wale me ka liʻiliʻi he 250 mau limahana piha a ʻelua biliona rubles o ka hoʻololi makahiki e hiki ke hoʻohihi i ka poʻe malihini e hana. ʻAʻohe o nā mahiʻai o kēia pae i kā mākou moku pekelala.
I kēia manawa ua ʻike ʻia hiki i nā mea neʻe ke hele wale i ka palena ma ka lewa, uku ka ʻāina hoʻokipa no ka huakaʻi, a he kumu kūʻai nui kēia. Ma muli o ka hopohopo ʻole, ke ʻimi nei kekahi mau ʻoihana mahiʻai i hoʻokahi, ʻelua a ʻelima paha limahana, akā ʻaʻohe mea nāna e lawe mai i ka poʻe i ka nui e makemake ai.
Ehia nā kumukūʻai o kahi limahana, e ʻōlelo, Uzbekistan?
"ʻOihana, he 37 tausani rubles ke kumukūʻai o kahi tikika mokulele., - wahi a kā mākou loea. - Akā ʻaʻole ia e hana e hoʻopuka iā ia: ma hope o ka hoʻopihapiha ʻana i ka ʻikepili, hele mai kahi leka mai ka pūnaewele i ʻae ʻole ʻia kēia kanaka e komo. Akā ke kūʻai nei i kahi likiki mai kahi ʻoihana waena Uzbek - no ka mea like, ka mokulele hoʻokahi, akā no 100 tausani rubles. - hana ʻia i ka manawa pōkole loa a me ka ʻole o nā pilikia.
ʻOi aku ke kumukūʻai ma kahi o 50 tausani rubles e hoʻomākaukau i nā palapala e pono ai. A he mau kumu kūʻai pololei kēia. I ka manawa like, no nā hebedoma ʻelua, pono ke nānā ʻia kahi malihini kipa, a laila ʻekolu pule ʻē aʻe e kiʻi i kahi palapala Sila Nui. I kēia mau manawa āpau, pono e hānai ʻia ke kanaka. E hoʻohui i kēia i ka uku, a laila ke kumukūʻai o ka huakaʻi hoʻi. "
A ʻaʻole ʻo ia wale nā kumukūʻai.
«Lawe, i laʻana, i ka hoʻopuka o nā uku uku, - wehewehe ʻo Yuri Lemyakin... - No nā limahana me ke kamaʻāina Lūkini, kahi mahiʻai liʻiliʻi (kahi e ʻike pinepine ʻole ai ka mea helu kālā ʻole) hiki ke uku i kahi uku ma ke kālā e like me kahi ʻōlelo. A no ka poʻe neʻe, pono e hoʻoili kālā i kahi kāleka panakō. (Ma lalo o ke kānāwai hoʻololi kūwaho, ʻike ʻia nā hui Lūkia a me nā mea kalepa pākahi ma ke ʻano he kamaʻāina, a ʻo nā haole ʻaʻohe o lākou palapala ʻae e ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he kamaʻāina ʻole.ʻO ka uku a kahi kamaʻāina e makemake ai i kahi kamaʻāina ʻole o nā ruble, me nā uku, ua manaʻo ʻia he kālepa kūwaho haole, nā wahi e pono ai e hana i kahi ʻano kālā ʻole - ma o nā waihona panakō me nā panakō ʻae ʻia. - ed.)
Akā he pilikia nō ka wehe ʻana i kahi kāleka: pono ʻoe e hele me kahi limahana (ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻaʻole ʻōlelo Lūkini) i ka panakō, a ma mua o kēlā, unuhi i kāna passport i ka Lūkini ... i ka puna ua loaʻa iā mākou nā leka ʻauhau no nā makahiki ʻekolu i hala hoʻokahi: ka uku hoʻopaʻi i ka nui o 100% o ka nui i uku ʻia. No kekahi, ʻo ka nui o ka "hoʻopaʻi" hiki i 20 miliona rubles. "
I kēia makahiki, nui nā mahiʻai i ko mākou ʻāina, ka mea i ʻumeʻume i ka poʻe malihini e hana, ua loaʻa ka leka o ka uku. "
"ʻAʻole wau e kāpae i ka hele ʻana o kahi kaʻaahi i ke kauwela, nā kumukūʻai no kahi eono tausani rubles. - hoʻohui ʻo Yuri. - Inā kū kēia, lawe wau i ʻelima a ʻehiku mau kānaka paha i loko o koʻu ʻohana. Akā ma ka laulā, ʻaʻole kōkua kēia ana i ka ʻāina i kekahi ʻano, ua hala mua ka hana ʻana i kekahi mea ”.
Late, no ka mea, ua pau ke kanu ʻana, ʻaʻole paʻakikī e wānana i kāna mau hopena: e like me Rusprodsoyuz, ua hoʻemi ʻia ke kūʻai hua ʻana i ka pō o kēia kau e 50-60% hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka makahiki i hala, ua hāʻule ka kūʻai aku o nā lūlū i ka hapalua.
"ʻO ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka hana no nā mea kanu āpau e koi ana i ka hana lima (ʻōmato, pepa, eggplants, kukama, melon, melemona, zucchini) he mea nui, - hōʻoia iā Yuri Lemyakin. - No ka mea i kēlā manawa, ke pono e kanu i nā mea kanu i nā hale kōmaʻomaʻo, maopopo maopopo ʻole ka mea e kali ai i mua. Ua hoʻoholo ka poʻe e ʻokiʻoki lākou i nā kumukūʻai, i ʻole lākou e lilo i nā lilo ma ka waiho ʻana i nā mea kanu i ka māla. ".
He aha ka mea e hoʻomākaukau ai ka ʻāina i ka hopena? Ma mua ka ulu ʻana o nā kumukūʻai no nā mea kanu, ka ulu ʻana o nā lawe mai, nā pilikia nui no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻoihana.
"Ma kekahi o nā mahiʻai kokoke i kēia kau ua kanu lākou i 20 hectares o nā ʻōmato ma kahi o ka moʻomeheu 160. Ua kūʻai mua ka hale kanu i kā lākou ʻohi ma 80 rubles / kg. ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ma mua o ke kumukūʻai o nā huahana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i ka 20 rubles / kg, a kūʻai ʻia ke kūlana ma 10 rubles / kg. "- hoʻomau ʻo Yuri Lemyakin.
He mea hoihoi ia e hoʻomaopopo ʻoiai ke wānana nei nā wānana no ka hoʻonui kālā, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā Lūkini (ma ka liʻiliʻi o ka poʻe e hōʻike nei i ko lākou manaʻo ma ka Pūnaewele a komo i nā ana pūnaewele) ʻaʻole lākou e kākoʻo i ka manaʻo o ka hoʻi mai o nā malihini. ʻO ka manaʻo i makemake nui ʻia ma nā kolamu: pono e uku nā mea hana mahiʻai i nā uku maikaʻi, a laila e hele mai nā ʻōiwi o ka ʻāina e hana no lākou.
"Hoʻohana ka mākou mahiʻai i ʻeiwa mau kānaka, - Nā ʻōlelo a Yuri Lemyakin. - ʻEhā o lākou he kamaʻāina kūloko. Hiki iā mākou ke lawe i nā mea hou aku, akā aia ka ʻoihana ma 10 km wale nō mai Volgograd, a makemake nā poʻe he nui e hana ma ke kūlanakauhale, ʻoiai mākou e hāʻawi nei i nā uku maikaʻi - ma ka awelika, ma kahi o 50 mano rubles. Loaʻa nā malihini i 35-40 tausani i kēlā me kēia, akā lawe pū ka ʻoihana i nā kumukūʻai o kā lākou meaʻai a me nā wahi noho (e noʻonoʻo ana i kēia, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa nā kālā). ʻAʻohe mea ʻokoʻa na mākou e hana, akā paʻakikī loa e ʻike i ka poʻe makemake e hana hana lima i ka māla. Eia kekahi, no ka poʻe he nui maoli ka pilikia o ka waiʻona. "
ʻO kekahi ala kūpono e hoʻoponopono ai i ka pilikia ka mīkini a me ka hana maʻamau i ka hapa nui o nā hana. I kēia lā, kākau ka nui o nā pāpāho i ka nele o ka limahana limahana e koi i nā mahiʻai Lūkini āpau e hoʻomau i ka holomua, a ʻo kēia ka mea e hoʻoikaika nui i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻoihana.
"Ulu mākou i nā aniani, - wahi a ka luna o Volga-Agromashimport LLC, - ʻO kēia moʻomeheu, e like me kaʻuala, kāloti, beets, ʻae i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hana lima me ka mīkini, a ua automated nā kaʻina hana nui no ka manawa lōʻihi. Ua kūʻai ʻia nā pono pono ma mua o ka mōʻaukala o ka pani ʻana o nā palena, no ka mea ʻo ka hoʻokō ʻia e ʻae iā ʻoe e hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai a hoʻemi i nā kumukūʻai hana. He waiwai ia.
A i kēia manawa, no ka laʻana, ke hana nei mākou i ka hana automation o ka ʻōnaehana kahe drip i mea e hoʻoulu ai a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana ma nā ʻōkuhi o ke kamepiula, me ka ʻole o ka mana o ke kumu kanaka. Akā, ʻaʻole wau e manaʻo e pili ka nui i ke ala like.
I ka hapanui o nā mahiʻai i ka Volgograd Region, hana nui ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ka hana, a ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, no ka laʻana, hoʻohui ka ʻohi ʻana i ka lima e pili ana i ka nui o ke kumukūʻai o kahi kilokika onion (4 rubles, inā wale nō. lawe ʻia nā kumukūʻai o nā hua a me ka mahi ʻana. A ua hoʻomau ke kumukūʻai kūʻai maʻamau i ka pae o 11 rubles / kg no nā makahiki he nui. Akā e hōʻemi i ka hana lima, pono ʻoe e hoʻopukapuka i nā lakohana. ʻAʻole loaʻa i kēlā me kēia manawa kēia manawa kūpono.
Ke emi mau nei ka loaʻa kālā o nā mahiʻai (ʻaʻole ia he mea e pīhoihoi ai: 90% o nā hua o ke koho haole e kūʻai ʻia i nā euro, kūʻai ʻia nā mea momona i nā kālā). I ka 2013, nā koina o kā mākou mahiʻai no ka ʻohiʻohi ʻana he 180 tausani rubles / ha, i ka makahiki i hala - 380 tausani rubles / ha.
A ʻoiai e mālama maikaʻi nā mahiʻai, hana i nā kūlana no nā poʻe ʻē aʻe a uku i nā uku maikaʻi loa i kā lākou mau limahana, ʻaʻohe a lākou kālā i koe e hoʻomohala i nā ʻoihana.
He paʻakikī e kiʻi i kahi hōʻaiʻē preferent ma 5% o ka makahiki, akā ʻaʻole makemake ka hapa nui e lawe i nā kuleana hōʻaiʻē a ʻoi ma nā ʻano, no ka mea paʻakikī ka wānana i nā pilikia a lākou e kū ai. I kēia makahiki, no ka laʻana, mai Malaki 20, ua pani kā mākou mau kaulahao i nā kāleka no nā ʻakaʻaka, kāloti a me kaʻuala o ka hana Lūkini, e ʻōlelo ana i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻohe huahana maikaʻi ma ia wahi. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he hopena kēia hoʻoholo i nā hoʻāʻo e hoʻoponopono i nā kumukūʻai ma ka mākeke. ʻAʻole hiki i nā mahiʻai ke kūʻai aku i kā lākou huahana, ua kaumaha i nā pohō nui, a ʻo ia ka poʻe i hiki ke mālama i nā waiwai a hiki i ke kau waena, ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻopukapuka i ka mālama wā lōʻihi. A ʻo kahi hopena, ua kanu ʻia he 4 tausani heka o ka ʻaka ma ko mākou ʻāina ma kahi o 7 tausani heka mau. ʻO ka ʻakaʻakai ka huaʻai makepono e hana. ʻO ka poʻe i lilo kālā ma nā ʻakaʻaka i ka wā i hala, ua koho lākou no nā kāloti liʻiliʻi a me nā beets Hiki paha i kēia ke alakaʻi i ka hana nui no kēia mau mea kanu, a ʻaʻohe mea e loaʻa hou i kekahi mea. "
Aia i hea ka puka?
“E lūlū nō naʻe mākou, - ʻAʻole pio ʻo Yuri Lemyakin i ka manaʻolana maikaʻi, - no ka mea, ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke hana i kekahi mea ʻē aʻe. Akā pono mākou e ʻike i ka nui o nā mea kanu a me nā hua i ka ʻāina, ʻaʻole pono nā mea mahiʻai e hoʻopōloli i kā lākou hana, mai hana i nā mea hana ālai. Hiki iā mākou ke lawelawe i ke koena. "
No kaʻike:
Wahi a ke Kuhina o Kūloko no Ianuali-ʻApelila 2021, ua hōʻemi ʻia ka helu o nā palapala hoʻoilina hana no nā kamaʻāina haole a me nā poʻe ʻaʻohe makaʻāina ma Lūkia e 36% mai ka hoʻomaka o ka makahiki i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka wā like o ka makahiki i hala.
Eia kekahi, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka helu o nā patent kūpono ma ka hopena o ka manawa hōʻike e aneane 40%, a me ka helu o nā ʻae hana kūpono no nā haole e ka hapakolu.
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