Ke hoʻohiki nei ka mākeke starch i kēia lā ʻaʻole wale no nā mea pāʻani e kū nei, akā no nā mea hoʻopukapuka hiki.
I ka honua, ʻo ka ʻai makahiki o ka starch maoli i koho ʻia ma 35 miliona mau tona, syrups (me HFS) - 50 miliona mau tona, hoʻololi i nā starches - 10 miliona mau tona. ʻO nā kumuwaiwai nui o ka unuhi ʻana o ka starch i mau mea mahiʻai ʻehā: ka palaoa, ka palaoa, cassava a me kaʻuala.
ʻO ka mākeke Lūkini no kekahi mau huahana e like me nā starches maoli, kūpaʻa mau nā ʻano molass a me nā syrups glucose-fructose. ʻO ka makahiki 2016 a me ka 2017, ka nui o ka hana o ka starch maoli ma kahi o 230 tausani tone, syrup syarch - 499 tausani tone a me GFS - ma kahi o 165 tausani tone.
I ka manawa like, ke hoʻonui nei ka hana o nā starches i hoʻololi ʻia. I ka makahiki 2017, ua hana ʻia he 20,5 tausani tona, a no 9 mau mahina o kēia makahiki he 27 tausani tona. Eia hou, ʻoiai ua hoʻomaka ka lāʻau starch "Gulkevichsky" i ka hana maltodextrin kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe me nā ʻano he nui o nā noi, i ka wā kokoke loa e ʻike mākou i ka piʻi nui o kēia mea hōʻike.
I nā ʻāina ʻo EU, ke alakaʻi nui o ka ʻoihana ʻoihana huahana huahana, hana ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana, mālama mālama ikehu a me ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana o nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe. I ka Hikina ʻEulopa, nui ka hoihoi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā starch by-huahana a me ka hoʻopukapuka ʻana i nā laina hana hou.
Ma ke ʻano laulā, ka hulihonua, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻano hou aʻe e ka ʻāina. Hoʻonui mau nā ʻāina ʻĀsia i nā wahi mahi ʻia o cassava a me ka hiki no ka hana ʻana. Ma ʻAmelike ʻĀkau, ua kū mai kahi mākeke paʻa, hoʻokumu paʻa me nā mea pāʻani nui. ʻO Brazil ka mea pāʻani āpana ʻoi aku ka ulu wikiwiki loa ma Latin America. Ke hana wale nei ʻo ʻApelika i ka mākeke, akā ʻoiai ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hiki i ka ʻoihana, kiʻekiʻe pū nā pilikia politika i kēia palapala honua.
ʻO nā pule hoʻohiki
Hiki ke hoʻopuka i ka laulā ākea o nā huahana mai ka palaoa. ʻO kahi laʻana, ma hope o ka hana ʻana i ka starch, ma kahi o 70 mau mea meaʻai e hiki ke loaʻa. A me nā amino a me nā waikawa kūlohelohe, nā huahana: gluten / gluten, huahana hānai.
Pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ʻo nā niches i hoʻohiki nui ʻia no ka hana starch ma Rūsia e noho ʻia ana. Ke hana mua nei nā ʻoihana a hoʻonui i kā lākou hiki, a i ʻole ke kauoha ʻia nei i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
Eia nō naʻe, mai poina e pili ana i nā ʻāpana mākeke e hoʻohiki like ʻia, e laʻa me ka hana ʻana o nā meaʻai i hoʻololi ʻia i nā starches E-1412, E-1422 a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole lawa ka mākeke no kēlā me kēia, akā i ka hōʻuluʻulu mana a capacitive ia. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻaʻole paʻa ka paʻa kālā o kahi ʻoihana ma ka hana ʻana o ka huahana nui, akā i ka maikaʻi o nā huahana.
I ka manawa like, pili ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā papahana no ka hana hohonu o nā mea mahiʻai mahiʻai me kahi ʻano o nā pilikia e pono e mālama ʻia. ʻAʻole pono e poina nā hoʻomaka ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hana kākoʻo mokuʻāina i waiho ʻia i loko o nā lula. Eia kekahi laʻana, e komo i nā palapala hāʻawi ma lalo o ka Decree o ke Aupuni o ka Russian Federation No. 1312 - e uku no nā koina R&D i loko o ke kumumanaʻo o kahi papahana hoʻopukapuka.
He mea pono nō hoʻi e komo i kahi hui ʻoihana, a i ʻole hoʻokumu i kahi hui a komo i ka hoʻokūkū no ka Decree a ke Aupuni o ka Russian Federation No. 41 - e uku no kahi ʻāpana o nā kumukūʻai (me R&D, hōʻoia, hoʻomaʻamaʻa) ma loko ke kumu o nā papahana hui pū me nā lālā o ka hui. E hana i kahi pā ʻoihana (ʻoihana) e like me ka RF Government Decree No. 1119 - e uku no nā koina o nā pono hana a me nā pono halihali.
ʻO ka hana ʻana i ka starch kalo ma ʻEulopa
Nā alakaʻi o ʻEulopa i ka hana ʻana i ka starch potato - Sweden, Netherlands, Kelemānia. ʻO ka hana nui o ka ulu ʻana a mālama ʻana i kaʻuala i kēia mau ʻāina he kiʻekiʻe loa ia, no laila ke hoʻāʻo nei ka mokuʻāina e kākoʻo a hoʻoulu i nā mea hana o ʻEulopa.
ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo nā mahi mahi ʻuala a me nā mea kōkua he mea kuleana i ka mea kanu hana. ʻO ia, hoihoi ka poʻe i ke kūʻai aku i nā huahana hope loa o ka starch a me nā mea i loaʻa mai iā ia. Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa i nā ʻoihana nā lawelawe agronomic kūikawā e hāʻawi iā lākou i nā mea kanu kiʻekiʻe no ka hana ʻana i kaʻuala me kahi starch ma kahi o 20% a ʻōlelo maʻamau i kāna mahi ʻana. Hoʻohui ʻia, loaʻa i nā mea hana ʻuala nā hōʻaiʻē no ke kūʻai ʻana i nā ʻanoʻano, nā mea hoʻomomona a me nā wahie a me nā lubricants, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o kahi ʻaelike hoʻolako e hiki mai ana.
No laila, hoʻemi nā ʻoihana i ke kumukūʻai o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i kaʻuala. Kūleʻa ka loaʻa o nā ʻoihana, ʻoiai kiʻekiʻe ka hua, a hiki ka 25% i ka starch content. I ka manawa like, hoʻemi ʻia ka ʻai o kaʻuala no 1 ton o ka starch i 4,5 mau tona, a hoʻemi ʻia nā kumukūʻai ikehu kikoʻī no kāna hana.
I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā starches ʻōiwi ʻē aʻe, loaʻa i ka starch potato kahi haʻahaʻa calorie haʻahaʻa a me ka nui o nā mineral. ʻO ka waiwai ikehu o 100 g o ka starch potato (in kcal / kJ) - 299/1251 (no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, kānana kānana - 329/1377). Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka starch potato no nā mea ʻai (92,6%), a hiki mai i ke kūʻai aku (49,4%). ʻO ka starch potato kahi ʻāpana o nā sausages (18,2%) a me nā hua a me nā hua berry (12,3%).
No nā hana ʻenehana, ʻaʻole e hana ka ʻoihana pepa (3,7%), nā ʻoihana kūikawā kūikawā (1,6%), a me ka hana dextrin (1%) me ka ʻole o ka starch potato. I ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau-lāʻau, hoʻohana ʻia ka starch potato i nā papa a me nā pauka.
Aia kekahi mau hui i waena o nā mea hana nui o ka starch potato ma ka European Union. ʻO ka AVEBE Potato Growers Cooperative (1919) ke alakaʻi o ka honua i ka hana ʻana i ka starch potato, me nā kūʻai aku he € 560 miliona a me kahi loaʻa net o 11,8 miliona no 2014. Hāʻawi ka hui pū o nā mea kanu uala KMC KARTOFFELMELCENTRALEN (1933) i nā kūʻai aku o 127 miliona € a me ka loaʻa kālā o 18,8 miliona € no 2014. ʻO ka hui pilikino EMSLAND GROUP (1928) pani i nā kolu kiʻekiʻe, ka mea nui i hana i ka starch potato ma Kelemania me nā kūʻai aku o 520 miliona € no 2014.
He aha ka mea e keʻakeʻa nei i nā ʻoihana Lūkini?
I kēia manawa, aia nā mea hana Lūkia o ka starch potato ma hope loa o nā hui ʻEulopa. A lawa maoli nā kumu. He hemahema kēia o nā limahana kūpono a me ka hemahema o nā pono hana e pono ai, kahi hemahema o nā kālā i hōʻaiʻē ʻia mai nā ʻoihana hōʻaiʻē, kahi mea hana hou nāwaliwali, kahi kaula waiwai paʻakikī, nā mākau mākau nāwaliwali a me ka mālama ʻana i nā kumu kūʻai e nā mea pāʻani o ka honua, nā pilikia kūpilikiʻi a me nā mea hou aku. .
I kēia lā, ʻo ka manawa uku uku no ka hana ʻana ma Rukia he 10 mau makahiki, ʻo ka palena iki o ka hoʻopukapuka kālā mai kēia hihia mai 15 biliona rubles. Minamina, kakaikahi ka poʻe i mākaukau e hoʻopukapuka i kēlā "kālā wā lōʻihi" i ka mahiʻai.
Eia nō naʻe, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ma muli o ka hoʻopaʻi a me nā pilikia hoʻokele waiwai ʻē aʻe, ua lilo ka mākeke i mea nui i nā mea hana hale. ʻAʻole anei kēia kahi manawa kūpono e hōʻoia iā ʻoe iho ʻoiai ʻaʻohe hoʻokūkū a me ka hoʻolei ʻana mai nā ʻoihana ʻē? E haʻi ka manawa i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka mākeke kūloko, akā ʻaʻole pono e hōʻemi kekahi i nā loina maikaʻi a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā hana i nā makahiki i hala iho nei.
Source: https://agrovesti.net