I loko o kekahi mau manawa o ka wā ulu, pono nā mea kanu ʻuala e nānā mau i ke kūlana nitrogen o kā lākou mau mea kanu i mea e hoʻopili ai i ka mea kanu ma ke ala kūpono loa.
ʻO kahi hana maʻamau ka ʻohi ʻana i nā lau mai nā mea kanu i kēlā me kēia māla a laila hoʻouna iā lākou i ka lab no ka nānā ʻana i ka nitrate. I loko o nā lā liʻiliʻi, loaʻa nā mea kanu i nā hopena e hōʻike ana inā makemake ʻia nā mea kanu nitrogen a i ʻole inā maʻamau ka hana. Ke hana nei ka ʻōnaehana, akā hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia kēia kaʻina hana, wahi a I. Wang, kauka Ke Kulanui o Wisconsin-Madison, Oihana Mahiai.
"ʻO ka ʻohi ʻana i nā lau he nui ka manawa a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana," wahi a Wang.
"A i kekahi manawa hiki ke alakaʻi hewa ʻia nā hopena no ka mea hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka nui o nā nitrates i nā lau e nā kumu he nui, e like me ke ʻano o ka wā a i ʻole ka manawa o ka laʻana. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole noʻonoʻo nā hopena i nā ʻokoʻa spatial [koi nitrogen] i loko o ke kula.
Kākoʻo ʻia ka papahana USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, pili i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana a me ka hoʻoili ʻana i nā ʻikepili mai kahi pahupaʻi kiʻi hyperspectral. Hoʻokomo ʻia ma kahi UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) a i ʻole nā mokulele lele haʻahaʻa e lele ana ma luna o nā wahi ʻuala i aʻo ʻia.
Ke hoʻomohala nei ka hui o Wang i nā hiʻohiʻona kamepiula no ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā kiʻi i ke kūlana naikokene mea kanu i ka wā, ka hua, ka maikaʻi, a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka hoʻokele waiwai.
"Manaʻo wau a me kaʻu limahana e hoʻomohala i kahi papahana pūnaewele e hoʻohuli i nā kiʻi hyperspectral i ʻike e pili ana i ka manawa a me ka nui o ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana i hiki i nā mea ulu ke hoʻonui i nā waiwai me ka liʻiliʻi o ka hopena o ke kaiapuni," wahi a Wang.
"ʻO nā mea e hoʻololi ai i ke ʻano o ka canopy, e like me ke kūlana nutrient, ka hele ʻana a me ka ʻole o ka makū a i ʻole ka maʻi, pili me ka spectral reflectance a no laila hiki ke ʻike ʻia i nā kiʻi hyperspectral," wahi a Trevor Crosby, he haumāna puka ma Wang's. lab.
Ma ka lele hoʻokahi ma luna o kahi kahua noiʻi 70 a 150 mika, hiki ke hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā kiʻi he nui, ʻo kēlā me kēia me nā haneli o nā pūʻulu spectral. No ka wikiwiki o ka hana kiʻi, ua hoʻolimalima ʻo Wang i ʻelua mau limahana koʻikoʻi. ʻO Phil Townsend, Polofesa o Forest and Wildlife Ecology, he alakaʻi i ka ʻenehana ʻike mamao. ʻO Paul Mitchell, Polofesa a Kaukaʻi ma ke Keʻena ʻOihana Mahiai a Hoʻohana ʻia, ke alakaʻi nei i kahi loiloi hoʻokele waiwai kahi e hana ai ke ʻano kamepiula i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka noi nitrogen.
ʻO Crosby, ke alakaʻi nei i nā ana ʻāina, hōʻiliʻili i ka ʻikepili mai nā kahua anaʻi kahua ma nā ʻano like ʻole o ka ulu ʻana. Hoʻopili kēia i ka helu ʻāpana o ka lau, ka nui o ka nitrogen i loko o nā lau a me nā ʻōpala, ka helu o nā ʻuala a me ke kaumaha o kēlā me kēia ʻuala, a me nā mea kūlohelohe e like me ka lepo a me ka mahana, ka lā a me ka wikiwiki o ka makani. I ka ʻohi ʻana, ana ʻo ia i ka hua nui o nā ʻuala a me ko lākou nui.
Ua hoʻomohala ʻo Crosby i nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi e hoʻopili ana i nā kiʻi hyperspectral i nā ana ma ka honua. ʻO ka pahuhopu ka wānana i ke kūlana nitrogen o nā mea kanu i ka manawa maoli a wānana i ka hua o nā ʻuala i ka hopena o ke kau. I kēia manawa, ua paʻa ka hana kula a me ka hoʻoili kiʻi, a ke kālele nei ʻo Crosby i ka hoʻomohala ʻana.
Kaʻana like ʻo Wang i kāna noiʻi me nā mea kanu ʻuala a me nā mea kanu mea kanu o ka mokuʻāina. He pilina maikaʻi kona me ka poʻe mahiʻai a puni ka mokuʻāina a he nui ka poʻe e kakali nei e ʻike i nā hopena o kāna noiʻi.