ʻO kaʻuala - ka mea āu e kanu ai, hōʻiliʻili ʻoe. He aha e nānā ai i ka wā e ulu ana i ka lua o ka berena e hoʻokō i nā hua kiʻekiʻe
I ka makahiki 2018, he 28 mau ʻano ʻuala i kanu ʻia ma ka moku ʻo Vladimir, kahi o ka nui o ka nui i hana ʻia e nā ʻano e like me: Lady Claire (1890,5 ton), Brook (1547 tons), Luck (1000 tone), Newton (425 tone), Hermes (373 tone), Saturn (275 tone), Rosara (249 tone).
ʻO nā loea o nā keʻena āpana a me nā keʻena waena o ka lālā o ka Federal Budget Budget Institution "Rosselkhoztsentr" ma ka moku ʻo Vladimir i nānā ʻia he 8107,4 tone o ka hua uala, nona ka 6128,4 tone (76%) i hoʻonohonoho ʻia. No ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, i ka wā like o ka makahiki i hala, ua hāʻule nā 7135,3 mau tona o nā hua uala i hoʻāʻo ʻia, a he 63% wale nō ka mea i lilo i kūlana.
Aia ka nui o nā mea kanu ma Melenkovsky (2872 ton), Gus-Khrustalny (1485 tone), Murom (1300 ton) mau wahi. Ma ka laulā, hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻāina me nā ʻuala hua e 78% a ma ke ʻano nui ia he 1-2 mau mea hana kope (РС-1).
Hoʻoholo ka poʻe loea o ka Russian Agricultural Center i ka maikaʻi o kaʻuala e hoʻohana ana i ka loiloi tuber, e pili ana i ka nānā ʻana i nā tubers no nā maʻi viral a me nā maʻi bacteria, a no nā ʻano like ʻole.
Hōʻike ka kiʻi i kahi loiloi tuber o Lady Claire kaʻuala me nā infestations pest ...
... a maloʻo pala ma kaʻuala.
Ma ka pō o ke kau hou o ke kauwela, hoʻomanaʻo nā loea o ka Vladimir Rosselkhoztsentr e pili ana i ka pono o nā ʻano loli a me nā ʻano hou o nā mea kanu.
Pono kahi hoʻololi o nā ʻano like ʻole inā makemake ʻole ʻoe i nā ʻano o nā ʻano i hoʻohana ʻia. ʻO kahi laʻana, he maʻalahi paha ia i nā maʻi, nā haʻawina haʻahaʻa a me nā ʻono ʻono, a pēlā aku. Akā inā lawa ka piha o ka ʻokoʻa, a laila e hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻia i kēlā me kēia manawa e hōʻalo i nā ʻano maikaʻi ʻole e ala aʻe a hōʻiliʻili i ka wā o ka hana hou. Pēlā nō ia i nā makahiki mua o ka mahi ʻana i ka ʻokoʻa ka mana nui loa o ka genetic.
Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ka pilikia o nā hua haʻahaʻa ke ala aʻe me ke koho pololei ʻana o nā ʻano a me ka hoʻohua hou. I kēia hihia, pono e nānā i ka lepo no ke kū ʻana o nā cist o ka nematode ʻuala gula (lat.ʻO Globodera rostochiensis).
Ma ka moku ʻo Vladimir, ua loaʻa ka foci o ka nematode ʻuala gula ma nā moku he 12 (Aleksandrovsky, Gus-Khrustalny, Kameshkovsky, Kirzhachsky, Kolchuginsky, Kovrovsky, Melenkovsky, Muromsky, Petushinsky, Sobinsky, Sudogodsky, Suzdalsky, Vladimir). Na nā ʻōlelo hoʻoholo a ke kiaʻāina o ka moku ʻo Vladimir, kau ʻia ka quarantine ma luna o kēia mau panalāʻau.
ʻO ka uala globoderosis kekahi o nā maʻi koʻikoʻi o kēia mea kanu waiwai. Ma waho, hōʻike ʻia nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi i ka lohi o ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu i nā wā mua o ka hanauna, e melemele ana i nā piko me ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana o ka haʻahaʻa a me ka lau ʻana o nā lau o luna, a me ka curvature o nā kumu. ʻEleʻele nā aʻa o nā mea kanu maʻi, pōkole ma mua o ka maʻamau a he nui nā aʻa pili. No laila, ʻeha ka mea kanu i ka nele o ka wai a me nā meaola.
Ke nānā nei i nā māla, ʻike pinepine ʻia ka foci o globoderosis i ke ʻano o hoʻokahi a ʻoi mau kiko me nā mea kanu ʻōmaʻomaʻo kaumaha. Me ka mahi ʻana o ka makahiki i nā ʻano ʻuala hikiwawe, lawe ʻia he 5-6 mau makahiki mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi a hiki i ka manawa o ka ʻike maka ʻana o ka maʻi.
Me ka piʻi ʻana o ka pae o ka maʻi, hoʻemi ka hua o kaʻuala, deteriorates kona ʻano (e emi ana ka helu a me ka nui o nā tubers). ʻO ka pākēneka o ka starch a me ka nui o ka wikamina C i nā tubers e hoʻoliʻiliʻi nui ʻia. ʻO ka pōkole hua mai ka uala globoderosis ma ka awelika 10%, i ke kikowaena o ka hōʻino nui ʻana i nā kanu uala e kahi nematode - mai 30 a 60% a ʻoi paha. I ia mau hihia, hoʻomāhuahua pinepine ʻia ka nematode i kaʻuala e ka hana a nā microorganism pathogenic hui pū ʻia - bacteria, virus, fungi.
ʻO ka hakakā me ka nematode uala he paʻakikī loa ma muli o ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi kiʻekiʻe o ka parasite i kahi e noho ai, ʻo ia hoʻi: ka hana kuikawa o ka globodera (ʻohana o nā nighthades), ka lōʻihi (10-15 mau makahiki) e mālama ai i ka hiki o nā cist i ka nele o kahi mea kanu hoʻokipa.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohuli ʻana i nā hua me kaʻuala nematode. Hoʻonui ʻia kaʻuala ma nā lepo haumia ma mua o 4-5 mau makahiki. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻololi ʻana i kaʻuala me nā mea kanu i hoʻopili ʻole ʻia e kēia ʻano nematodes (cabbage, clover, perennial herbs, dill, lettuce, peas, beans, etc.).
Maikaʻi ka mahi ʻana o nā ʻano mua. I kēia hihia, hoʻemi ʻia nā pohō o nā mea kanu, ʻoiai me ka hōʻiliʻili mua ʻaʻohe manawa o ka parasite e hoʻopau ai i kāna pōʻaiapuni a hāʻawi i nā keiki. ʻO ka mahi ʻana i nā ʻano ʻuala kūpaʻa nematode hiki ke hōʻemi i ka hoʻohaunaele lepo me nā nematodes e 85-90%. (Nā parasat nematodes o nā mea kanu a me nā ʻelala / Luna Nui o MD Sonin - M.: Nauka. 2004.)
I kēia manawa, aia ma kahi o 257 nematode-kūpaʻa, zoned no ka moku waena (kahi e pili ana i ka ʻāina Vladimir) ʻano (State Register of Breeding Achievements Admitted to Use https://reestr.gossort.com/).
I waena o lākou, ʻo nā ʻano kaulana loa: Azhur, Barin, Breeze, Vektar Belorussky, Vzryvnoy, Vineta, Gala, Impala, Labella, Latona, Lady Claire, Manifesto, Meteor, Ragneda, Red Scarlett, Saturdayna, Skarb, Luck, Uladar, etc.
(Mea kākau: Potapova Irina - alakaʻi agronomist o ka ʻohana hana hua, he loea pili i ka lehulehu o ka lālā o ka Federal State Budgetary Institution "Rosselkhoztsentr" ma ka moku ʻo Vladimir).
E heluhelu piha: https://www.agroxxi.ru/zhurnal-agromir-xxi/stati-rastenievodstvo/nazvany-samye-populjarnye-sorta-kartofelja-vo-vladimirskoi-oblasti.html