ʻO ke koho ʻana, e like me nā ʻepekema ʻē aʻe, he hana koʻikoʻi, lōʻihi kahi e hoʻohana ai ka mea noiʻi i kona ola holoʻokoʻa. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Russian a me Soviet geneticist a breeder Nikolai Vavilov i ke koho "evolution guided by the will of man." A ʻo ka hopena o kēia hana ʻoi aku ka holomua o nā ʻano mea kanu a me nā holoholona.
Ua haʻi aku ʻo Anna Rybalko, State Prize laureate a me Altai breeder ʻepekema, i ka mea kākau ʻo AiF-Altai e pili ana i ka hana paʻakikī o kahi mea hānai, e pili ana i ka piʻi ʻana a me ka hāʻule ʻana o ka hale hoʻokolohua mea kanu, e pili ana i kāna mau ʻike.
"Pono wau, no ka mea hiki iaʻu!"
Anna Rybalko: I loko o koʻu ola ua loaʻa iaʻu nā poʻe i kuhikuhi mau iaʻu i kahi mea hou aʻe.
ʻO Elena Chekhova, AiF-Altai: Malia paha, ke manaʻo nei ʻoe i nā poʻe e like me kāu mau kumu?
- ʻOiaʻiʻo. A i waena o lākou kaʻu kumu mua ʻo Vera Vasilievna Vorobyova. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia: "Anya, hāʻawi wau iā ia i ʻelima, akā ʻaʻole wau e hāʻawi like iā ʻoe no ka mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hana maikaʻi." Ua hoʻonāukiuki nui ʻo ia iaʻu me ka pololei a ua hoʻohana wau i koʻu ola holoʻokoʻa e hōʻoiaʻiʻo iaʻu iho a me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe: Pono wau, no ka mea hiki iaʻu! He kumu maikaʻi ʻo Vera Vasilievna a he kanaka kupanaha. A he mea kupanaha i hanaia mahope o kona make ana. I ka wā i kanuʻia aiʻo Vera Vasilievna, i ka manawa hoʻokahi i laweʻia ka pahu kupapaʻu o ka pēpē i ka ilina. ʻIke ʻia he refusenik: ʻaʻohe makua, ʻaʻohe ʻohana. Ma ka hale kupapaʻu ua nīnau lākou inā hiki ke waiho ʻia kāna pahu i loko o ka lua kupapaʻu o Vera Vasilievna. ʻAʻole i hōʻole ʻia ke noi. No laila, ke hoʻomau nei ʻo ia i kāna misionari ma laila.
- Anna Anatolyevna, pehea ʻoe i komo ai i ka ʻepekema?
– Ma hope o ke kula, ua komo au i ke kulanui aʻoaʻo ma ka absentia. A ua hana ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi paionia. A ma ke ano he kumu ma ke kula hanai no na keiki pumehana noonoo. ʻAʻole maopopo iaʻu ka ikaika o ka puʻuwai e pono ai ʻoe e hana ma laila. ʻAʻole hiki iaʻu ke kū i ka ʻike. Ua hele au i ka hale hana. Ua hana ʻo ia ma laila no ʻelima mau makahiki, male, hānau ʻo ia i nā māhoe - he keikikāne a he kaikamahine. Ua mai pinepine na keiki. ʻAʻohe mea e noho pū me lākou. Pono wau e ʻimi i kahi hana ma kahi kokoke i ka home. A laila ʻōlelo lākou he mea kōkua keʻena hana no ke kahua hoʻokolohua. I koʻu hana ʻana ma ʻaneʻi, ua komo au i ka Altai Agricultural Institute. A laila aia ke kula puka ma Moscow, ma ka All-Union Scientific Research Institute o ke koho a me ka hana hua o nā mea kanu kanu. Ma ke ʻano he mea noiʻi, ua hana ʻo ia i ka pilikia o ka pale ʻana i nā mea kanu. I ka makahiki 1988 ua pale ʻo ia i kāna dissertation. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ua hāʻawi ʻia iaʻu e hana i ka hana hānai. Ma luna o 35 mau makahiki o ka hana ma ke kahua hoʻokolohua, ua hiki iaʻu ke hoʻomohala i 25 mau ʻano ʻano mea kanu like ʻole. ʻO ke koho wale nō ka hana ʻaʻole na ke kanaka hoʻokahi, akā na ka hui, no laila ua kākau pū ʻia nā hana a pau.
- Ma ka laulā, ʻehia nā ʻano mea kanu i hānai ʻia e nā limahana o ke kahua?
- I ka wā o ke kahua, a ua hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1932, ua hana kāna limahana ʻepekema ma mua o 200 mau ʻano. Ua ʻike mua ʻia kā mākou kikowaena a me kā mākou ʻano ʻano ma Siberia, ma ka Soviet Union, ma Mongolia, ma Bulgaria, a ma Czechoslovakia ...
ʻO ka pilikia me ko mākou ʻāina ʻo ia, ma ka "haʻalele ʻana i ka honua kahiko," kahili mākou i nā mea maikaʻi a pau i laila, a laila hoʻomaka mākou e kūkulu hou.
Degere hoʻonaʻauao ma o calluses
- Ua ʻeha paha ʻoe iā ʻoe iho a me kāu hana?
– Ke hoʻomanaʻo nei au i ka lā mua ma hope o ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Pavlov reform (monetary reform of 1991, i hana ʻia e ke Kuhina Nui o ka USSR Valentin Pavlov - memo a ka mea hoʻoponopono). Ua hele au me kekahi o ko makou mau limahana i ka Halekuai Keena Kuwaena. Makemake au e kūʻai i pāpale. Nānā wau: i nehinei kona kumukūʻai he 7 rubles, a i kēia lā - 25 rubles. Ua kūʻai au. I koʻu hoʻi ʻana mai i ka home, helu wau i kaʻu loaʻa a me kaʻu mau lilo, a hoʻomaka wau e hele hysterical: ua aʻo wau, hana no 40 mau makahiki, hoʻokō i kekahi mea i ke ola, akā ua ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke hānai iaʻu iho a me koʻu ʻohana!... ʻO ka mea ʻino loa. ʻO ka mea e mālama mau ʻia kēia kūlana me nā limahana ʻepekema ma ke kahua. Loaʻa i kahi Kauka ʻEpekema ma kahi o 18 tausani mau rubles. I ka manawa like, pono ʻo ia e weed, eli, wai, hōʻiliʻili i nā hua iā ia iho ... Akā paʻa nā kānaka. Pehea? Ma ka hoihoi. Ma ke ala, he moʻolelo kēia e pili ana i ka hoihoi o kā mākou poʻe ʻepekema. I kekahi manawa, hele mai nā mea hānai mai Farani i ko mākou kahua. ʻO ka mākaʻikaʻi o nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo i alakaʻi ʻia e Nina Aleksandrovna Prokofieva, ʻo ia ka hope alakaʻi no ka ʻepekema i kēlā manawa. Ua hoʻolauna wale mākou i kahi koho kūikawā no nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni - aia nā melons, watermelons, tomatoes, peppers, a me nā kukama. Ua hauʻoli nā malihini: "Pehea ʻoe i hoʻokō ai i kēlā mau hopena?" Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Nina Aleksandrovna: "He hui o nā mea hoihoi e hana nei no mākou." Palani: "He aha kēia?" No ka huikau, ua ʻōlelo ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ia: "ʻAe, ʻo kēia ka manawa a lākou e hana nui ai a loaʻa iki." Ua hoʻomaikaʻi aku ka Farani a ʻae: "Pono kou mau poʻo i ko mākou kūlana."
He aha ka hana ma ke koho? He hana kino pau ʻole kēia - ma nā ʻāpana, i nā hale mālama. Ma waho aʻe o ka hana ma ka honua, pono ʻoe e hoʻoneʻe i nā pahu a me nā ʻeke, hoʻouka iā lākou, a hoʻokaʻawale i nā hua i loko o lākou. I kekahi lā, ma hope o ka ʻohi ʻana i ke kāpeti, ʻoi loa ka waiwai - ʻo ke kaupaona ʻana he 15 kg, ua ʻino wau me koʻu puʻuwai. Hele au i ke kauka. Ua ʻike ʻo ia ua ʻōlelo ke kāleka he mea kōkua au i ka lab, a ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia: "Pono ʻoe e hana i nā hana kino a me nā haʻuki." Ua hana ka stereotype: ua komo ka mea noiʻi i ke kapa keʻokeʻo a ʻaʻole e hāpai i kahi mea kaumaha ma mua o ka peni.
E pili ana i ka "hōʻino" ... He mea hilahila! No ka mea, i ka wā o ke kaua, ua mālama ʻia ke kahua. A ma hope o ke kaua, ua pua wale ʻo ia - aia nā mea āpau i mua o koʻu mau maka. Ke hoʻomanaʻo nei au: i ka wā mua aia nā dugouts a me nā pā hale. Mai ka waena o 60s, ua hoʻomaka lākou e kūkulu i nā hale hale ʻoluʻolu no nā limahana hana. Ua kūkulu lākou i kahi pou kōkua mua, he ʻauʻau maoli nō ia: lawe lākou i ka ʻauʻau hoʻōla, loaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau kino, a me nā kaʻina hana i kuhikuhi ʻia e ke kauka. Ua kūkulu mākou i kahi kindergarten. Ua loaʻa iā mākou kahi pūnāwai! A pehea i hoʻonui ai nā kumuhana ʻepekema. Ua hele mai nā hoa hana mai nā wahi a pau o ka Union e aʻo e pili ana i kā mākou ʻike. ʻO mākou wale nō ka wahi ma ka ʻāina i kapa ʻia nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi. Aia ma mua o 200 mau ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau. A mai ka makahiki 1942, ke hana nei ke kahua i kahi hoʻokolohua kūʻokoʻa i ke aʻo ʻana i ka momona o ka lepo. ʻO kona kumu, ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano mea kanu mineral i nā mea kanu like ʻole, a me kahi koho inā ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia nā mea kanu. A ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia: pehea ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka momona o ka lepo, ka ʻano humus, a me ke ʻano o ka lepo. He ʻikepili koʻikoʻi kēia. A ʻoiai e ola ana kēia ʻike, hoʻomau ka limahana i ka hana. Akā ua hoʻomaha loa ʻo ia.
ʻOi aku ka carotene!
- E kōkua paha nā hoʻopaʻi? Pono lākou e lilo i mea hoʻoikaika no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kā mākou hana ponoʻī, nā ʻenehana home, etc.
- Ma muli o ka luku ʻia ʻana o ka hua, nui nā ʻano maikaʻi i paʻakikī ke hana hou. ʻOiai ke hoʻāʻo nei nā limahana o ke kahua e hana i nā hua me ka ʻoliʻoli nui. ʻOiai inā ʻaʻole i ka nui e like me ka wā ma mua - a hiki i 180 mau ʻano. Akā i ka makahiki i hala, no ka laʻana, ua hana mākou i nā hua o ka radish Krasa Altai, a i kēia makahiki ua hana mākou i ka White Zephyr radish a me ʻelua mau ʻano kāloti nani, ʻo Dayana a me Sonata. ʻOiaʻiʻo, nīnau nā māla i kēia. Ua loaʻa iā lākou ke kālā ma nā hua i lawe ʻia i hana ʻia ma Kyrgyzstan a me ka Caucasus. He mea kanu ka mea kanu i nā kāloti, a ʻike koke ʻia nā mea keʻokeʻo ma waena o nā hua ʻalani. Ma hea? A ʻo kēia ke kumu o ka hiki ʻana mai o ka wai mai nā mauna kahi e ulu ai nā kāloti hihiu, a hāʻule nā hua ma luna o nā māla i mahi ʻia, ulu lākou, a no ka mea ʻaʻohe mea nāna e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou, ua nalowale ka maikaʻi ma muli o ka hopena.
- No ke aha i loaʻa ai iā ʻoe ka makana mokuʻāina?
- No ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano kāloti me kahi ʻano carotene kiʻekiʻe. Inā ma Chantane hoʻokahi - he ʻano kahiko kahiko kēia, ʻike ʻia mai ka makahiki 1942 - aia wale nō 6 mg% o ka carotene, a laila hiki iā mākou ke hoʻonui i kēia helu i 10 mg%. A i nā ʻano like ʻole a mākou i hana kūʻokoʻa ai - Dayana, Sonata, ʻo ka ʻike carotene mai 18 a 22 mg%.
- Hiki i kā mākou kikowaena ke hāʻawi i ka ʻāina me nā hua?
- Inā ʻoe e hana i kahi kumu, a laila ʻae. Aia nō nā loea. Akā ... Eia kahi loea pepa - Natalya Yuryevna Antipova, he penihana. Doc ma ka paukena, kukama, zucchini Vasily Grigorievich Vysochin, Kauka o Sciences, he 75 makahiki ona. ʻO Andreeva Nadezhda Nikolaevna - ka mea hānai'ōmato. He 65 makahiki ona...
- ʻOiai ua hoʻomaha ʻoe, ua komo ikaika ʻoe i ka hana kaiaulu, ʻo ʻoe ka luna o ka ʻaha kūkā o nā poʻe kahiko o kou kauhale hānau. He aha ka mea e hoʻohauʻoli ai iā ʻoe ma kēia kahua?
– I ka makahiki 2011, noho 130 mau limahana hana mua a me 11 mau hoa kaua ma ko makou kauhale. I kēia manawa ʻaʻohe mea i komo i ke kaua, a aia ma kahi o 70 mau limahana home home i koe. Akā aia kekahi poʻe i hāʻawi ʻia i ke kūlana o nā keiki kaua. Makemake wau e hoʻonohonoho i nā aloha hoʻomaha no lākou - nā kāleka a i ʻole nā makana liʻiliʻi. A pono kēia i ke kālā. E hele ana au, e ʻoluʻolu. E hiki koke mai ana ka malama o kahi kanaka elemakule. Pono mākou e hana i kekahi mea.
– He mea paʻakikī ke lilo i ʻelemakule ma Rus'?
- Aia nā mea a pau i ke kūlana o ke kanaka. ʻAʻole manaʻo kekahi poʻe i ka ʻelemakule a hiki i ka 90 mau makahiki. Hoʻomanaʻo wau ua hoʻomaikaʻi lākou iā Anna Ivanovna Dubovykh i kona lā hānau 95. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia: "ʻAʻole wau he mea kaumaha i nā keiki, no ka mea, ua hoaaloha wau me ka mele i koʻu ola a pau." A hīmeni ʻo ia. A hehi ihola ʻo ia i kona wāwae. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻole ola ʻo Anna Ivanovna.
Hoʻomanaʻo wau i kekahi hanana no ka manawa lōʻihi. ʻO kēia i ka wā o Yeltsin. Ke kū nei au ma ke kahua kaʻa kaʻa. Ma kahi kokoke e kamaʻilio ana nā kupuna wahine: “Ua maikaʻi mākou - he māla kā mākou. Pehea ka noho ʻana o ka poʻe ʻilihune ma ke kūlanakauhale? Ua maopopo iaʻu: ʻoiai aia nā luahine ma Rus', ʻaʻole e haki ko mākou ʻāina.
Dossier: Anna RYBALKO - Moho o ka ʻepekema Mahiai. Laureate o ka State Prize, laureate o ka Altai Territory Prize ma ke kahua o ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana. Ka mea kākau o nā puke ʻepekema ʻoi aku ma mua o 100.
Source: https://www.nsss-russia.ru/