I ka wā mahiʻai o 2022, ʻo ka wahi i lūlū ʻia ma lalo o nā beets sugar i noho like me ka 2021, e hoʻonui ana, e like me Rosstat, e 2% wale nō. ʻO ke aniau ma ka hapa nui o nā ʻāpana o ka mahi ʻana i ka ʻaʻa ʻaʻa makemake i kona ulu ʻana. No ka hoʻopakele ʻana i nā mea kanu beet mai nā maʻi, ua hāʻawi ka hui ʻo "August" i ka poʻe mahiʻai i ka nui o nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kūleʻa i nā hoʻokolohua, hoʻokō pono i nā maʻi a hoʻonui i ka huahana hua.
ʻO nā maʻi koʻikoʻi o ka sugar beet maʻamau ka phomosis, fusarium, ramularia, Alternaria, powdery mildew, cercosporosis. Eia nō naʻe, ma Rūsia i kēia lā, ʻo ka cercosporosis a me ka pauka lepo ka mea maʻamau a me ka pōʻino. Hoʻemi kēia mau maʻi i nā hua, hoʻemi i ke kō o nā hua aʻa a hoʻopilikia i kā lākou hiki ke mālama.
Hoʻoulu wale ka mea kumu o ka pauka ma kahi mea kanu ola. ʻO ka pāpaʻi keʻokeʻo, ka hōʻailona nui o waho o ka maʻi, aia i ka mycelium o ka fungus pathogen, spore-bearing outgrowths ma luna o ia a me nā spores no ka hoʻohua asexual - conidia, e hāʻawi ana i nā hanauna he nui i ka wā a hoʻopilikia i nā mea kanu hou. Mālama ʻia ka fungus ma nā koena mea kanu, nā hua, nā aʻa aʻa i waiho ʻia ma ke kula mai ka makahiki i hala. No ka hakakā ʻana i ka maʻi, he mea nui ia e nānā i ka ʻenehana mahiʻai, akā me kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka pōʻino, ʻo ka mālama fungicide wale nō ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
ʻAʻole pili ʻo Cercosporosis i nā beets kō, akā i nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe a me nā mauʻu. ʻIke ʻia ma nā lau i ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana ʻulaʻula me kahi palena ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha. Hoʻomaka ka pathogen e like me ka mycelium ma luna o nā poʻo kahiko, ma ka pericarp o nā hua, ma nā aʻa uterine. Piʻi ikaika ka maʻi i nā makahiki me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka wela maloʻo a me ka mahana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. He mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka hua i ka mālama ʻana i ka cercosporosis, akā ma muli o ka nui o nā mea kanu hoʻokipa o ka haʻiki, ʻaʻole lawa ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā fungicides.
“Ma muli o nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kau, hiki mai kekahi o kēia mau maʻi ʻelua i mua. ʻO nā pilikia i kū i ka poʻe mahiʻai he kamaʻāina, ʻōlelo paha kekahi, i hoʻolālā ʻia. Ke hoʻokō nei kekahi mau mahiʻai i nā lāʻau fungicidal pale mua i kēia kau. Ma ka hema (ma Krasnodar a me Stavropol) ua ʻike ʻia ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā fungicides a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā manawa ma waena o nā lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pono e hoʻohana i ke kolu o ka mālama fungicidal, - wahi a Vladimir Peshekhonov, kahi loea alakaʻi ma ke keʻena hoʻomohala huahana o Avgust Firm JSC ma ka Central Black Earth Region.
No nā makahiki he nui, ua hoʻohana nā mea kanu beet i nā hoʻomākaukau mai ka hui ʻo ʻAukake e like me Rayok, Benorad, Credo, Kolosal Pro e hakakā i nā maʻi aʻa. Eia nō naʻe, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka laulā o nā huahana pale sugar beet ma muli o ka hoʻokomo ʻana o nā huahana e pili ana i nā mea hou, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mea hana - no ka laʻana, epoxiconazole a me tetraconazole mai ka papa thiazole. ʻO kēia mau mea hana he hapa o ka Hecate (difenoconazole + tetraconazole), Rakurs (epoxiconazole + cyproconazole) a me Spirit (azoxystrobin + epoxiconazole) hoʻomākaukau. Ma ke kumu o azoxystrobin "ʻAukake" hoʻopuka pū kekahi i ka fungicide "Baly" (propiconazole + azoxystrobin).
"He mau huaʻōlelo e pili ana i ka azoxystrobin: ke waiho nei i ka papa wax o ka lau, pale ia i nā mea kanu mai nā spores hou o nā pathogens fungal. A i ka hui pū ʻana me nā triazoles, hiki iā ia ke hoʻōki i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi a hoʻōki i ka sporulation i ka wā e hoʻopaneʻe ʻia ai ka mālama ʻana, "wahi a Vladimir Peshekhonov.
Ua hōʻike pū ka fungicide "Tirada" (thiram + difenoconazole) i kāna ʻōlelo hoʻohiki. Hāʻawi ʻo Thiram i kahi hana hoʻopili ikaika e kūʻē i nā fungi pathogenic a me ka bacteria. ʻO ka mālama prophylactic maikaʻi loa me kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ʻo ia ka pale ʻana i nā spores e ulu ana ma ka ʻili o ka lau.
Ke hele nei nā hoʻokolohua o nā huahana hou no kekahi mau makahiki: no ka laʻana, i nā hoʻokolohua ma ke kumu o ka All-Russian Research Institute of Sugar Beet and Sugar i kapa ʻia ma hope o A.L. Mazlumov ma ka ʻāina ʻo Voronezh, i mālama ʻia ma 2017–2019. ʻO nā fungicides "Gekata", "Spirit", "Baly" a me "Tirada" i hōʻike i ka maikaʻi kiʻekiʻe i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā hoʻolālā kuʻuna - hiki i kā lākou hoʻohana ke hoʻonui i ka hua o ka sugar beet e 4-5 tons no ka ʻeka, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ke kō i loko o nā hua aʻa e 0,5, 2-XNUMX%.
"Ma nā kūlana maloʻo i ka wā ulu, ua loaʻa nā hua maikaʻi loa me Balia, 0,8 l/ha a me Spirit, 0,7 l/ha. I ka makahiki pulu, ua lilo ʻo Hecate, 0,8 l / ha, i mea maikaʻi loa i ka cercosporosis. "Baly", "Spirit" a me "Hecate" ho'ēmi i ka laha a me ka ulu ana o cercosporosis e pili ana i 2 manawa, pauka mildew - e 4-5 mau manawa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka mana me ka mālama ʻole ʻia," hōʻuluʻulu ʻo Vladimir Peshekhonov.
Manaʻo ka poʻe loea o "August" i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā fungicides i luna me nā adjuvants "Allur" a i ʻole "Polyphem", i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopena o ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma luna o ka lau, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a hoʻomaka koke e hana i ka pathogen.