ʻO Alexander Skvortsov, ke poʻo o kaʻuala Sumi, SumiAgro Lūkia
ʻAʻole i lilo ke kau 2020 i moʻolelo no ka hōʻiliʻili nui ʻana o kaʻuala i ko mākou ʻāina. Nā kumumanaʻo koʻikoʻi o kekahi ʻano ʻokoʻa, i like ka like me ka ʻāpana. I ka makahiki e hiki mai ana, makemake nui nā mea kanu ʻuala e "hopu", akā koi nā kūlana mākeke iā lākou e hana i nā hoʻololi i kā lākou hoʻolālā. ʻO ke au ka nui o nā huahana ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui no ka kūleʻa o kahi ʻoihana, a me nā mea hou aku - kona maikaʻi.
Aia mau kahi koi no kahi huahana me nā ʻoihana ʻoihana maikaʻi loa, kūpono i ka mālama ʻana, holoi ʻana, hoʻopaʻa ʻana, a hāʻawi ʻia ke kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe nona. I mea e ʻoi ai ka paʻakikī, i kēia lā pono ʻoe e ulu i nā uala kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a mai hana pū paha me kēia hua.
Pono ka hana kūpono i ka nui o ka hana a pono e hoʻomaka me kahi hoʻolālā pale pono i noʻonoʻo pono ʻia.
Pale pale
He paʻakikī e noʻonoʻo pehea e ulu ai ke ʻano o ke aniau i ke kau hou a inā paha e maikaʻi lākou no ka ulu ʻana i kaʻuala, akā hōʻike ka ʻike ʻaʻole hoʻokahi makahiki, ʻo ka makahiki kūleʻa loa hoʻi, ʻaʻohe pilikia, no laila ʻaʻole pono e manaʻo kekahi. makemake ʻia mai ke kūlohelohe. A ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no nā mea pūʻiwa maikaʻi ʻole i mua e hoʻohana ana i nā stimulants a me nā mea hoʻoponopono meaola. Ke manaʻo nei mākou e noho nei i kahi manawa o nā loli kahakaha, pono loa nā hoʻopukapuka i kēia mau hoʻomākaukau, me ka ʻole o lākou he paʻakikī loa e hōʻike i ka hiki ke loaʻa a hoʻokō i nā hōʻailona māka kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā mea kanu nui i hoʻohana ʻia ma nā mahiʻai e hana i kahi hiki kūpaʻa, a ʻike ka poʻe hoʻoponopono iā ia i nā loli loli.
ʻO ka hoihoi nui i ka poʻe mahiʻai, no ka laʻana, ʻo ka laina Basfoliar no ke kaulike ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana hānai mineral. No laila, i ke kahua o ke kāwili ʻana, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka lāʻau Basfoliar®Kelp, loaʻa iā ia nā homone auxin (i loko o ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe) a me cytokinin, a me kahi set of trace element. Lawe ʻia ka hana hou ʻana i ka pae seedling e hoʻoulu ai i ke aʻa.
Ma ke kahua o ka ulu nui ʻana o ka nui vegetative, Basfoliar® Active (NPK 5:27:18 + microelement) he mea nui ia, ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka tuber - Basfoliar® Combi Stipp, me ka calcium, e hāpai ana i ka lōʻihi- waiho manawa.
ʻO ka lāʻau Siapton® kahi mākaukau o nā amino acid a me nā peptides i loko o ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, kahi e lawelawe ai i ka hopena o ke koʻikoʻi. Hōʻalo ka lāʻau i ka omo ʻana o ka nitrogen a pale i nā ʻano hana o ka ʻelemakule mau o ka wā mai ka hoʻomaka.
Hoʻohui ʻo Amalgerol® Essence i nā waiwai o nā huahana i hoʻokahi manawa: loaʻa nā amino acid, nā stimulants ulu e pili ana i ka wai limu, kahi mea hoʻoulu o ka microflora lepo, micro- a me meso-nutrient. Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā hua a me ka maikaʻi o ka huahana, wikiwiki ia i ka biodegradation o ka ʻōpala ma muli o ka hoʻoulu ʻana o nā microorganism lepo, paipai i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o mycorrhiza ma nā aʻa o nā mea kanu i mahi ʻia.
ʻO ka maʻi a me ka kaohi pest
Hoʻopilikia pinepine nā maʻi a me nā pōpilikia i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hua kiʻekiʻe o kaʻuala. Ma ke ʻano he laʻana: i waena o nā maʻi he nui e pili ana i nā tubers, ʻaʻohe mea e hiki ke hoʻohālikelike i ka hōʻeha me ka maʻi rhizoctonia. Hōʻike mau ʻo Rhizoctoniae iā ia iho ma kaʻuala, i kēlā me kēia makahiki, no ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ʻaʻole pono nā kūlana kūikawā no ka mahana a me ka makū, a ʻo ka hōʻino ʻana i nā lūlū i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā ulu e hiki ke hōʻemi i ka hua. No laila, pono e hoʻoholo nui ʻia ke koho ʻana o kahi disinfectant e ka hopena e pili ana i kēia maʻi.
ʻO Pencicuron, ka mea hana o Prestige®, ikaika loa i ka rhizoctonia. ʻO ka Imidacloprid - ka ʻāpana ʻelua o ka lāʻau - hāʻawi i ka pale kūpaʻa o ka moʻomeheu i ka hapa mua o ka wā e ulu ana mai nā scoops, wireworms, Colorado beetles potato and aphids. ʻO ka Imidacloprid ka neonicotinoid ikaika loa, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka hana pale ma mua o thiamethoxam a me acetamiprid.
ʻO ka Late blight a me Alternaria nā maʻi e hoʻonui i ka hopena o ka lau o kaʻuala. E hakakā iā lākou, hāʻawi ka ʻepekema hou i nā lāʻau he nui, akā he mea nui loa e koho mai kēia papa inoa i ka maikaʻi a me ka honua āpau i ka manawa like. Lawe i ka fungal Consento® ma kahi laʻana. Mālama ia i nā pae āpau o ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi blight, he prophylactic a me nā hopena therapeutic, a me kahi hopena anti-sporulation. He ʻōnaehana ka lāʻau, pale i ka ulu hou i ka manawa o ka hoʻomohala hana o nā pika potato. Nā waiwai hou aʻe - kūpaʻa i ka holoi ʻana a kāohi i nā ʻākena āpau o Alternaria.
ʻO kekahi pono hana pono i ka hakakā ʻana i ka hopena maikaʻi loa ʻo Elektis D®. ʻO kēia kahi lāʻau o ka "post-mancocebic era" (hoʻomanaʻo ʻoiai mai ka 2021, nui nā ʻāina kūkulu ʻEulopa e hōʻole e hoʻohana i ka mancoceb, kahi lāʻau hoʻopili me ka mōʻaukala lōʻihi), aia i ka pae hope loa o ke kākau inoa ʻana ma Lūkia. Loaʻa iā ia kahi mole mole hou ma nā uala - Zoxamide, kahi mea e hoʻohaunaele i nā kaʻina hana i loko o ka nucleus o ka pathogen, e keʻakeʻa nei i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā tubula i ka wā e ulu ana nā zoospores. ʻO ia, he ʻano ʻokoʻa kāna o ka hana ʻokoʻa i nā mea ʻē aʻe. Kūʻē ʻo Zoxamide i ka washout, kahi mea e hoʻokaʻawale ai iā ia mai ka mancozeb; ke hoʻolālā ʻana i nā hōʻailona, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i nā hoʻoponopono no ka nohona wai a me ke kaawai wai. ʻO ka ʻāpana ʻelua, dimethomorph, he hopena translaminar a kāohi i ka ulu ʻana o nā paia o ke kolamu i ka fungus. A ʻo kahi hopena, loaʻa iā mākou kahi huahana hou loa me ka kūpaʻa maikaʻi o ka ua.
E noho i nā kikoʻī e pili ana i ke kumuhana o ke kūpaʻa lāʻau i ka flush. Me ke kānalua ʻole, hāʻawi nā uala i hoʻohuhū ʻia i nā hua kiʻekiʻe ma mua o kaʻuala i mahi ʻia. Akā pono e hoʻomaopopo akāka i nā mahiʻai e hoʻohana ana i ka wai e pono e akahele loa i ke koho ʻana i nā lāʻau e kūʻē i ka hopena o ka hopena, pono e noʻonoʻo i ka maikaʻi o nā mea hana i nā ʻano.
ʻO Ranman® Top, ka mea i makemake nui ʻia i nā ʻāina ʻEulopa me kahi aniau kai, kūpono kūpono i ka papahana hoʻoulu wai. ʻO Cyazofamide - ka mea hana o ka lāʻau - hana ma nā ʻano āpau o ka pathogen ma nā pae āpau o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kaʻuala. Loaʻa iā ia ka translaminar a me ka hana quasi-ʻōnaehana a kūpaʻa i ka ua i loko o 15 mau minuke ma hope o ka lapaʻau ʻana.
I nā ʻāina ʻEulopa, hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau no ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā lāʻau ma ka hopena o ke kau.
ʻO kekahi huahana kūpaʻa i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, ʻo Mixanil® kahi koho maikaʻi loa i nā huahana i loaʻa i ka mancoceb. Loaʻa iā ia kahi hui kūlike o nā mea - chlorothalonil a me cymoxanil, kahi e hāʻawi ai i ka lāʻau lapaʻau me ka hoʻopili a me ka hana translaminar a me ka pono e kūʻē i ka hopena o ka blight and alternaria. He lāʻau maikaʻi loa kēia i ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi hoʻolālā anti-resistence, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe o nā kūʻē ʻana i ka cymoxanil i ʻike ʻia i kēia manawa, a ʻaʻole hiki i ka chlorothalonil (he nui nā hana multisite).
I loko o ka pōʻaiapili o ka pale ʻana i nā mea kanu e pili ana i ka hopena maikaʻi a me Alternaria, makemake wau e hoʻomanaʻo iā ʻoe i ka fungicide Cuproxat®. Loaʻa iā ia sulfate tribasic tribasic. He wai ka hoʻomākaukau, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o ka huna ma mua o 1 micron. Ma muli o nā peculiarities o ke ʻano o ka hana, hoʻopau ʻo Cuproxat® i nā microorganism pathogenic me ka hōʻeha ʻole i nā mea kanu kanu. ʻO kahi pathogen e kiʻi ma luna o kahi e mālama ʻia me ka fungicide kokoke koke "puhi" - protein denaturation a me nā mea i luku ʻia.
Kaohi kahelehele
ʻO ka ʻuala, ʻaʻole like me ka nui o nā mea kanu, he wā germination lōʻihi, a pēlā e hoʻomaka ai i kahi poʻo i nā nāhelehele: no kekahi manawa ʻaʻohe o lākou mea hoʻokūkū ma ka māla ʻO nā mea kanu lāʻau make, ʻike nui ʻia ma ka mākeke, hana maikaʻi me nā nāhelehele dicotyledonous, akā no nā cereala, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea mau, ʻaʻole lākou e hana leʻaleʻa.
ʻAʻohe mea kānalua i ka hakakā ʻana i ka ʻupapa palaoa kolo like e pono ai e hoʻokō ʻōnaehana ʻia, i ka hoʻohuli ʻana o nā mea kanu, i mea e kāpae ai i kona helehelena ma nā māla potato. Akā i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, ʻaʻole hana mau ʻia kēia hana. I nā hihia kahi e haʻalele ai ka nāhelehele cereal, ʻo Targa® Super, kahi huahana quizalofop-P-ethyl, ʻo ia paha ka hopena. ʻAʻole nakinaki ʻia ka lāʻau i ka wā o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kaʻuala, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia kona hoʻohana me ka hoʻolauna ʻana o nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe. Hoʻololi ke ana, ma muli o nā kūlana o ka noi.
ʻO Adjuvants
E hoʻokūpaʻa iā mākou i kēlā me kēia lāʻau lapaʻau he mea hana pono ʻole paha ia ma kāna iho, ke kūʻai ʻia. He mea nui e hoʻohana pololei i nā lāʻau. Hoʻohuli ʻia ka hopena e nā kumu he nui: ka wikiwiki o ka sprayer, hoʻoponopono ʻia no ka ʻū a me ka lewa o ke ea, ke koho a nā sprayers (no nā fungicides, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea ʻelua), ke kekelē o kā lākou lole (hoʻololi pinepine). ʻO ka uku ʻana i nā poho i ka wā ʻīpī, keu hoʻi i nā kūlana ʻoi loa, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hopena o nā lāʻau, hiki i kahi koho kūpono o nā adjuvants.
E nānā kāua i ʻelua o lākou. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Crusade® no ka hoʻohana pū ʻana me nā fungicides, hoʻohui ia i kekahi mau ʻano hana i ka manawa hoʻokahi: i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka hoʻolaha ʻana a me ka paʻa ʻana o nā kulu wai o ka hopena hana, hana kēia adjuvant i ʻāpana o "drop agronomically waiwai" o nā droplets me ka nui i ʻoi aku ma mua o 100 microns.
Me nā insecticides, hōʻike ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka adjuvant Olemix®. ʻO kēia kahi hoʻomākaukau e pili ana i ka aila mineral, hoʻohana ʻia ia i kahi ana o 0,5-1,5 l / ha (kaukaʻi ʻia i nā lau o nā ʻano a me ke degere o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea kanu i ka manawa o ka hana ʻana). Hoʻonui ka Olemix® i ka pono o nā insecticides ma o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka haunaele o ka hopena hana; pale i ka ʻaʻa ʻana o nā pesticides e ka ua a me ka hau ikaika a hōʻike i ka hana insect-acaricidal ma luna o nā aphids ma ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka helu o ka ʻai.
I ka hopena, makemake wau e ʻōlelo i kā kaʻuala i nā mea kanu nui loa e koi ana i ka waiwai nui o ka hana a me ke kālā ke ulu, mai kala i ka mālama ʻana i nā mea liʻiliʻi. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole ʻae nā mea kūʻai i ka mea mahiʻai i nā manawa āpau e hoʻohana i nā pono hana hou e hiki ai ke kūleʻa Akā ʻaʻole koi ʻia kēia. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hoʻomohala lohi a me ka optimization maikaʻi.