ʻO nā ʻano ʻuala hou, nā ʻenehana no ka pale ʻana i nā mea kanu mai nā maʻi a me nā mea pests i hōʻike ʻia ma kahi seminar noiʻi a me nā hana ma ka South Ural Research Institute o Hortikultura a me ka ulu ʻana o kaʻuala (YUNIISK) ma Chelyabinsk. Ua kamaʻilio nā alakaʻi a me nā limahana o ke kula e pili ana i nā hopena hou o ka hānau uala.
Ua hele ʻia ka hale hana e ka hana keaka ʻO ka Hope Kuhina mua o ka mahiʻai o ka Chelyabinsk Region ʻo Alexander Zavalishchin a me ke poʻo o ka ʻoihana o ka ulu ʻana a me nā ʻano liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻokele ʻana o ka ʻoihana mahiʻai ʻo Yuri Zasypkin, ke poʻo hou o SUNIISK - kahi lālā o ka Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center o ka Ural Branch o ka Russian Academy of Science (Ural Agrarian Scientific Center) ʻo Nikolai Glaz, a me nā ʻelele. nā mea hoʻolako i nā huahana pale pale mea kanu, nā ʻepekema ʻepekema o nā moku Sverdlovsk a me Orenburg, nā agronomists o nā ʻoihana ulu ʻuala o South Ural.
I ka wehe ʻana i ka seminā, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Alexander Zavalishchin i kēia lā ua kūleʻa maikaʻi ka ʻāina Chelyabinsk i ka hana ʻana i nā huahana holoholona, i nā moa a me nā puaʻa - i ka helu o nā wahi Lūkia, e noho ana i ka laina ʻelua a ʻeono. Hōʻike ka ʻāina i nā hopena maikaʻi i ka hana ʻana i ka palaoa, mahi ʻana i ka aila. Ulu nō hoʻi kaʻuala i nā puke nui, ma nā ʻoihana like a ma nā ʻohana.
- I ka makahiki 2018, ua ulu wale nā ʻoihana ulu-ʻuala a me nā mahiʻai i 146 mau tona o kaʻuala, - wahi a ka mea hana. ʻO ka Hope Kuhina mua - i loko o nā makahiki he iwakālua i hala he ʻohiʻohi kēia no ka ʻāina. ʻO kēia ka leo, 40 tausani tona o kaʻuala i hoʻokuʻu ʻia aku no ke kūʻai aku ma waho o ka ʻāina. Me ka hoʻonui o ka hana ʻana, kū ka poʻe hana i ka pilikia o ke kūʻai aku ʻana i kēia mau huahana. ʻO kēia ka manaʻo ʻaʻole māʻona nā mea kūʻai a me nā kaulahao kūʻai aku i kekahi mea. Pono e kālailai i ke kūlana o ka mākeke, nā koi kalepa a hana i kahi noi i nā ʻepekema - e hana i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka noi ma ka mākeke.
ʻO ke poʻo o ke kula, moho o nā ʻepekema mahiʻai, i kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā ʻano ʻuala hou i hānai ʻia ma YUNIISK a me nā hoʻokolohua ʻano like ʻole mokuʻāina i kēia lā ʻO Nikolay Glaz :
- ʻO kahi ʻaoʻao hoʻohiki no mākou ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano i kūpono no ka hana ʻenehana. I kēia manawa, ke kāohi ʻia nei ka ʻano ʻuala ʻo Zakhar i kahi hoʻokolohua ʻano mokuʻāina a hōʻike i nā hopena maikaʻi maikaʻi. Lana ko mākou manaʻo e like me nā hopena o ka hoʻāʻo 2020, e ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano. Ua waiho ʻia kahi ʻano uala Kashtak - ʻano ikaika - no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka mokuʻāina ma 2018.
I ka makahiki 2019, ke hoʻomākaukau ʻia nei kahi ʻano hou e kū nei i ka maʻi kanesa a me nā nematodes no ka neʻe ʻana i ka nānā ʻana o ka mokuʻāina, ma lalo o ka inoa hana "Albatross". Loaʻa i kēia ʻano ʻano he 50 tons i kēlā me kēia ʻeka, starch content - 18 pakeneka, ʻono maikaʻi loa. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi, a me ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i ka wā mālama.
ʻO kekahi o nā loina i ka hoʻoulu ʻana o kēia manawa ka hana ʻana o nā ʻano me nā kūpu kūmū waihoʻoluʻu, - hoʻomau ʻo Nikolay Glaz. - Hoʻonohonoho ʻia kekahi o kēia mau laʻana e waiho ʻia no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i kēia mua aku. ʻO nā mea i loaʻa i ke kula ma ka ulu ʻana i kaʻuala e hoihoi nui i ka heluna lehulehu o ka moku ʻo Chelyabinsk. Mahalo nā mea kūʻai aku i ka ʻono kiʻekiʻe o kā mākou ʻano. Mālama ʻia nā ʻano ʻano kiʻekiʻe o nā uala kanu uala e hōʻoia ʻia e ka hoʻōla meristem a me ka hana ʻana o nā hua maoli.
Ma waena o nā ʻano like i hānai ʻia ma YUKNIISK i nā makahiki i hala iho nei a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua ʻano like ʻole o ka mokuʻāina, pono e ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo Kuzovok, Braslet, Kavaler, Itzil. Kūʻai ʻia kēia mau ʻano like me ke kūpaʻa o ka maʻi a mālama maikaʻi ʻia.
Ke ulu nui nei nā ʻoihana mahi ʻuala i ka ʻuala o ka ʻano Nevsky - ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hapalua o ka nui o ke kūkulu ʻana i nā ʻoihana hanahana ma ka ʻāina Chelyabinsk - 1549 hectares. ʻO nā ʻano i hānai ʻia e YUNIISK e noho i kahi mahele haʻahaʻa - ka ʻano Tarasov - 22 hectare, ka ʻano Spiridon - 5 mau hectare wale nō. ʻO ka nui o nā ʻano i ulu i kēia lā ma ka moku ʻo Chelyabinsk he 25, a he ʻelima wale nō mau ʻano i zoned no ka mahi ʻana ma nā ʻĀkau Hema. Ma waho o Nevsky, ʻo nā mea kanu nui loa e noho ʻia e nā ʻano Romano a me Rosara, o ka Dutch a me Kelemania koho.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e pono e hoʻonui i ka hana ʻana o nā ʻanoʻano ʻuala, i ʻōlelo ʻia i kāna kamaʻilio ʻana ke poʻo o ka ʻāpana o nā mea kanu e ulu ana a me nā ʻano liʻiliʻi o ka mahiʻai o ka ʻoihana mahiʻai o ka mahiʻai, ʻo Yuri Zasypkin. Ua hoʻomaopopo ʻo ia i ka makahiki i hala aku nei ua kūkulu hou ʻia ka South Ural Institute of Hortikultura a me ka ulu ʻana o kaʻuala ma ke komo ʻana i ka Ural Agrarian Scientific Center ma ke ʻano he lālā a no kēia mea ua loaʻa kahi impetus hou no ka hoʻomohala hou aʻe.
"Wahi a ke kaulike wanana, ma kahi o 2019 tausani tona o kaʻuala e ulu ai i nā ʻoihana mahiʻai ma 120," i ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo Yuri Zasypkin. - lawa kēia leo e hoʻolako ai i ka pōʻaiapili a me ka lehulehu o ka ʻāina, e noʻonoʻo nei i nā huahana i lawe ʻia mai. Hoʻokomo nui ʻia ka hana uala ma nā wahi kokoke i Chelyabinsk - ʻo kēia nā moku ʻo Argayashsky, Sosnovsky a me Krasnoarmeisky. Loaʻa iā lākou ma mua o 75% o ka nui o ka hana ʻuala i ka ʻāina. ʻO nā wahi nunui ma lalo o kaʻuala i ka ʻoihana mahiʻai Krasnoarmeyskoye (400 ha), ka cernovskoy mahiʻai mahiʻai (400 ha), ka mahiʻai ʻo Mursalov (270 ha), ka mahiʻai mokuʻāina ʻo Akbashevsky OJSC (250 ha). ʻO ka wahi kanu uala nui loa ma ka pā mahi ʻai ʻo Makhmadov - ʻoi aku ma mua o 600 hectares; he hoa pū kēia mahiʻai o kā mākou ulu ulu ʻuala i kēia lā.
Ua haʻi kikoʻī ʻo Yuri Zasypkin i ka poʻe i komo i ka seminar e pili ana i ke kākoʻo mokuʻāina e kū nei i nā ʻoihana e ulu nei i ka ʻuala. Hiki i nā mea kanu ʻuala ke hoʻohana i ke kākoʻo pili ʻole: i ke kuhikuhi o ka ulu ʻana i kaʻuala a me nā mea kanu ākea i ka moʻohelu āpana i ka makahiki 2019, hāʻawi ʻia he 23 miliona rubles, i ke ala o ka ulu ʻana i kaʻuala a me nā ʻailakū - 35 miliona. No ke kōkua kālā ʻana i ka mahi ʻana i ka hua elite - 101 miliona rubles. Hoʻohui ʻia, hāʻawi ka waihona kālā no ke kākoʻo mokuʻāina no ke kūʻai ʻana i nā mīkini mahiʻai i ka makahiki 200 miliona rubles, nā kōkua kālā no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā wahi mahiʻai, no ka laʻana, nā wahi mālama uala, i ka nui o 115 miliona rubles. ʻO ka nui o ke kākoʻo mokuʻāina no ke kūʻai ʻana i nā mea kanu mineral he 40 miliona rubles, no ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka ʻāina mahi i ka holo mahiʻai - 30 miliona rubles.
I loko o ka seminar, ua hāpai ʻia ke kumuhana nui o ka pale ʻana i kaʻuala mai nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole: ka hopena o ke ahi, nematodes, alternaria a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO Lyudmila Kuznetsova, kahi lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻoihana ma ka moku ʻo Chelyabinsk, i hōʻike e pili ana i nā hoʻomākaukau Bayer e pale pono i nā maʻi. Ua kamaʻilio ʻo ia e pili ana i nā fungicides e kū pono ana i kahi pae o nā maʻi ʻuala, a me nā nāhelehele.
ʻO Ksenia Vanina, ke poʻo o ka ʻoihana pale hoʻomalu o ka lālā o ka Federal State Budgetary Institution "Rosselkhoztsentr" ma ka moku ʻo Chelyabinsk, i haʻi aku i ka poʻe i komo i ka seminar e pili ana i ka mokuʻāina o nā mea kanu uala ma South Urals i ka makahiki 2019. Ma waena o nā mea kamaʻilio pū ka hope poʻo o ka Ural Research Institute of Agriculture (Yekaterinburg), moho o ka ʻepekema mahiʻai ʻo Alexander Shanin.
Ua kamaʻilio ʻo ia e pili ana i ke kūlana me ka hānau ʻana o kaʻuala i ka Ural Federal District a me Rūsia ma ka laulā. ʻO ke poʻo o ka ʻāpana ulu ʻuala o ka Federal Scientific Center no Biological Systems a me nā ʻenehana mahiʻai o ka Russian Academy of Science, Doctor of Agriculture Alexander Mushinsky, i haʻi aku i ka poʻe e pili ana i nā hopena o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka ʻuala o ka YUNIISK i koho ʻia i ka ʻāpana steppe o ka ʻāina Orenburg
Ma loko o ke kiʻina o ka seminar, ua kipa aku nā mea komo iā ia i nā hoʻolālā hoʻokolohua ma nā kula o YUNIISK, kahi i nānā ai lākou i nā mea kanu hoʻokolohua o nā ʻano ʻuala a ʻono i nā ipu i hoʻomākaukau ʻia mai kēia mau ʻuala.
Kikowaena nūhou Keena Mahiai
ʻO ka'āinaʻo Chelyabinsk