Teritori o ka ʻāina: 39.6 tausani sq. km
Heluna kanaka: 1 poʻe, a nona ka 135% e noho nei i nā kūlanakauhale.
He kūlana kiʻi:
Aia ka ʻāina ma waenakonu o ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o Lūkia, he ʻāpana ia o ka Central Federal District a me ka Central Economic Region o ka Russian Federation.
Ka aniau: Continental waena.
ʻO ka mahana maʻamau i Ianuali ʻo 10 ° C, i Iulai + 20 ° C. ʻO ka awelika makahiki makahiki he 500 mm (25-30% i ke ʻano o ka hau).
ʻĀina ʻāina mahiʻai: 2323,3 tausani heka, me ka ʻāina mahi - 1468,1 tausani maueka. Wahi a Ryazanstat, ʻo ka wahi i lūlū ʻia i nā ʻano mahiʻai āpau i ka makahiki 2014 he 811,3 tausani heka, ʻo ia hoʻi he 4,0% ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka ʻohi 2013.
ʻO kaʻuala ka huahana a mākou e pono ai e hoʻonui i kā mākou hiki ke hoʻokuʻu aku!
Nīnauele me ke Kuhina o nā mahiʻai a me nā meaʻai o ka moku ʻo Ryazan ʻo Boris Viktorovich Semyakin.
- ʻO Boris Viktorovich, kaulana mau ka ʻāina ʻo Ryazan no kāna mau ʻuala ma Russia holoʻokoʻa. E haʻi iki mai iā mākou e pili ana i ka "mōʻaukala" o ka ʻāina.
- Kūpono nā kūlana Agroclimatic a me kahi kūlana o ka ʻāina ʻo Ryazan no ka hana ʻana i kaʻuala. ʻO ka ʻāpana ka mea hāʻawi mau i ka uala ware i nā kikowaena ʻoihana nui a i ka ʻākau o ka ʻāina. ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili nui ʻana o kaʻuala i hiki i ka makahiki 1975 loa a hiki i 1750 tausani tona. A laila ʻo ka wahi i lūlū ʻia he 158 tausani heka, e like me nā mahiʻai hui a me ka mokuʻāina - ma kahi o 110 tausani hectares, ʻoi aku i loko o kēia mau makahiki, ʻo ka ʻāina ʻo Bryansk wale nō i kanu a hana i kaʻuala ma ka ʻāina. Me ka hoʻololi i nā pilina mākeke, ua hoʻemi nui ka wahi i lūlū ʻia no ka ʻuala, a ua lilo nā lālā o ke kanaka pilikino i mea hana nui. Eia nō naʻe, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ma ka ʻumeʻume ʻana i ka hoʻopukapuka, aia kekahi hoʻololi i kahi pae hoʻokumu hou o ka hana.
- Pehea e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hōʻailona i ka pae o ka ulu ʻana o kaʻuala e ulu ana i ka ʻāina i kēia manawa?
-ʻO ka moku Ryazan kahi wahi ponoʻī e pili ana i nā ʻano o nā meaʻai. I kēia lā, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana ʻana ma ka ʻuala ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana.
I ka makahiki 2014, ʻo ka wahi i lūlū ʻia i nā ʻano mahiʻai āpau he 25,7 tausani hectares, ma kahi o 20% o lākou - ka wahi i nā ʻoihana mahiʻai a me nā mahiʻai, kahi e ulu nui ai ka ʻuala me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana hou. ʻO nā pono hana kiʻekiʻe, nā mea hoʻomomona mineral, hoʻohana ʻia nā huahana pale mea kanu ma aneʻi, lawe ʻia nā ʻano loli a me nā ʻano hou i ka manawa kūpono. No laila, aia kekahi ʻokoʻa nui o nā hoʻokō i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā hoʻolālā home pilikino: i ka 2014, ʻo ka hua i nā māla pilikino he 142 c / ha, i nā ʻoihana mahiʻai - 195 c / ha.
No mākou, he mau helu haʻahaʻa kēia: ʻo ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i kaʻuala i ka wā i hala i loli ʻia e ka wā i ʻAukake, i ka wā o ka ulu ulu ʻana o nā tubers aia kahi deficit hamo a me nā mahana wela maʻamau. Akā ʻenehana ʻenehana e hiki ai ke pale i nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole. ʻO kahi laʻana o kēia ʻo LLC "AgroSoyuzSpassk", kahi o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka ʻenehana hou a me ka ʻauwai i hiki ai ke hōʻiliʻili ma mua o 19 tausani mau tona o ka uala kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hua ma mua o 600 c / ha no ka ʻauwai.
I kēia lā ka ulu ʻana i ka ʻuala a me ka hana ʻana i nā mea kanu kekahi o nā hana nui loa i ka mahiʻai. I ka hopena o ka 2014, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kaʻuala ma ka ʻāina ma mua o 40%, a hoʻonui ʻia ka loaʻa he ʻehā mau manawa ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka 2013. Hoʻomaopopo kēia i ka nani o ka ʻoihana no nā mea hoʻopukapuka e hoʻopukapuka ʻaʻole wale i ka hana wai i kēia manawa, akā i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā waihona waihona a me ka hoʻomākaukau mua kūʻai.
I ka makahiki 2015, hoʻolālā nā mahiʻai o ka ʻāina e hoʻonui i ka wahi e ka 0,5 hectares, a e hoʻonui pū ʻia ka ʻāpana o nā māla i hoʻoinu ʻia (mai 0,8 a 1,3 mano mau ʻeka).
- Hoʻolālā ʻoe e hoʻomohala i kāu hana hua ponoʻī?
- He hana paʻakikī loa kēia. I ka wā ma mua, kahi ʻōnaehana hana maikaʻi i hana ʻia ma ka ʻāina: ʻo ka hui me Ryazansem-Potato i komo pū me nā mahinaʻai he 12 i hana i nā hua elite. Hāʻawi piha ka pūnaewele o nā semkhoz kūpana i nā mahiʻai pāʻoihana me nā hua hānau.
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua kūʻai nā mea kanu ʻuala i nā ʻano mea nunui ma nā ʻāina ʻo Moscow a me Samara, ka Lepupalika ʻo Belarus, Kelemania, a me nā Netherlands. Eia nō naʻe, i kēia makahiki, ma ke kumu o SEC "Luch" o ka moku Kasimovsky, ma ke ʻano o kekahi mau mahiʻai, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo "MeriKlon", i loko o nā hoʻolālā wā lōʻihi e hoʻokumu i ka hana ʻana o nā ʻano ʻuala elite i ka nui o 7 tausani tona. Lana koʻu manaʻo i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa e lilo ka ʻoihana i mea hoʻolako pono i nā ʻanoʻano ʻaʻole wale no nā mahi mahi ʻuala, akā no nā mahiʻai ponoʻī kekahi.
- He aha ka mea e hiki ai ke ʻōlelo e pili ana i nā pono o ka ʻoihana: i ka nui hea i hāʻawi ʻia ai ka ʻāina me nā waihona ʻo kaʻuala hou, nā laina no ka hoʻomākaukau mua ʻana o kaʻuala?
- Ke koi nui nei ka mākeke i ka maikaʻi o kaʻuala a me nā huahana mea kanu, me ka ʻole o kahi kumu o kēia manawa no ka mālama ʻana a me ka hoʻomākaukau mua kūʻai ʻana ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka pae i makemake ʻia. I kekahi mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hoʻonohonoho ke kiaʻāina o ka moku ʻo Ryazan, ʻo Oleg Kovalev, i ka hana o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi kikowaena o nā keʻena mālama hou e hiki ai i nā mahiʻai ke mālama i nā mea kanu a hiki i ka wā puna a kūʻai aku iā lākou i nā kumukūʻai maikaʻi loa. I kēia lā, i nā ʻoihana mahiʻai a me nā mahiʻai, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka waihona ma mua o 110 tausani tone o kahi waiho hoʻokahi manawa. ʻO kēia he 63 mau ʻuala a me nā hale kūʻai mea kanu 8, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai i ka palekana o nā mea ulu a pau.
Loaʻa nā mana hou o kēia manawa mai nā mea hana nui e like me Avangard LLC o ka moku Ryazan (6 mau waihona potato me ka hiki ke loaʻa he 9 tausani tona), ka mahiʻai hui ʻo Zavety Ilyicha (3 mau waihona potato no 4,5 tausani mau tona a me kahi hale kūʻai mea kanu no 1,2 tausani tona me ka aniani hou nā lakohana a me ka laina hāʻawe) a me ka mahiʻai hui. ʻO Lenin o ka moku ʻo Kasimovsky (4 mau keʻena mālama no 8 tausani tone).
Ua hoʻohihi ʻia nā hoʻopukapuka koʻikoʻi e hana a hōʻano hou i ka waihona waihona. No laila, ʻo LLC "Agroindustrial hoʻokele waiwai" Ungor "ke hoʻokō nei i kahi papahana no ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi mālama mea kanu me ka hoʻoulu a me nā pono ea no 49 tausani tona i Rybnoye, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka pae mua no 7,5 tausani tona. Ke kūkulu nei ʻo Agrosoyuz-Spassk i kahi paʻakikī no ka mālama ʻana a me ka hana mua ʻana i kaʻuala a me nā mea kanu (hoʻokaʻina, papa, holoi, ʻūpiki) i ka moku Spassky. Ke hoʻomohala nei ʻo Agroholding "Shilovsky" i ka waihona waihona: hoʻolako ka papahana no ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi paʻakikī no 10 tausani tona, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā wahi e waiho ai no 2 tausani mau tona. I nā makahiki ʻekolu e hiki mai ana, hoʻolālā ʻia ka kūkulu ʻana i nā wahi hou e mālama ai, hoʻonui a hoʻonui ʻana i nā wahi e kū nei e 5,5 mau ʻoihana.
- Aia kekahi ʻoihana hana ʻuala i ka oblast (a i ʻole nā hoʻolālā no kā lākou hana ʻana)?
- ʻO kekahi o nā ʻoihana hana ʻuala hou loa i ka ʻāina e hana ma ka ʻāina o ka moku Ryazan
- CJSC "Hale Hana Meaʻai" Miloslavsky ", he ʻāpana ia o ka Pūʻulu Kūʻai a me nā Hana ʻOihana" Kuntsevo ". Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka pae mua ma Ianuali 2011. I kēia lā, ʻae nā mea hana ma ka ʻoihana i ka hana o 550 kg o nā flakes uala i kēlā me kēia hola, kahi hana uala no 18 tausani tone i ka hana.
Hana ʻia nā Flakes me ka ʻole o nā mea hoʻohui, me nā ʻono kūlohelohe a me nā huahana maloʻo maloʻo. Kūʻai ʻia ka hana ʻana o PC "Miloslavsky" iā Moscow a me ka moku ʻo Moscow, St. Petersburg, Vladimir, Tver, nā moku ʻo Vologda, Teritori ʻo Krasnodar, nā wahi o Siberia, Tatarstan, nā ʻāina kokoke a mamao aku hoʻi (Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Polani, Pelekiuma, Chile, Brazil, Argentina ). I ka wā e hiki mai ana, hoʻolālā lākou e hoʻonui i ka waihona no ka mālama ʻana i kaʻuala e 4,2 mau manawa a me ka hiki o ka laina hana i ʻelua mau manawa.
I ka makahiki 2014, ua hana ʻia he 16,4 tausani tona o ka ʻuala, kahi hapa o ia (7,6 tausani tona) i hana ʻia ma kā mākou ʻoihana mahiʻai ponoʻī, ʻo CJSC Ryazan Potato. Ua kūʻai aku ka mea kanu i nā mea maka mai nā mahiʻai ʻē aʻe o ka ʻāina. Hāʻawi ke kū ʻana o kahi mea hana nui i ka ʻāina i nā mahiʻai me kahi mākeke kūʻai aku, me nā ʻuala liʻiliʻi.
- Pehea e hoʻonā ai i ka pilikia o nā limahana i ka ʻoihana?
- He mea kūpono ka limahana no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o kaʻuala wale nō, akā ʻo ka ʻoihana mahiʻai holoʻokoʻa. Ua kapa ʻia ke Kulanui Agrotechnological State Ryazan ma hope o V.I. P.A. ʻO Kostychev a ʻoi aku ma mua o 15 nā kula hoʻonaʻauao kūikawā ʻelua.
I nā makahiki ʻelua i hala aku nei, ua ʻike mākou i nā hana maikaʻi i ka ʻumeʻume ʻana i ka poʻe ʻōpio: i ka 2014, ʻoi aku ma mua o 100 mau loea loea i hele mai e hana ma nā ʻoihana mahiʻai. Mālama ʻia kēia e ka hoʻokō ʻana o ka papahana hoʻomau kaiāulu hoʻomau, e like me ke kūkulu ʻana o ka hale (i ka makahiki i hala, ua loaʻa nā uku kaiaulu i ka nui a hiki i ka 90% o kāna koina e 92 mau ʻohana) a ke hoʻomohala ʻia nei nā hanana o ke kauhale, kūkulu ʻia nā kauhale holoʻokoʻa paʻakikī (aia he 15 o lākou i ka ʻāina). No nā poʻe ʻōpio ʻōpio, aia hoʻokahi manawa (86600 rubles) a me nā pono mahina (4330 rubles) no nā makahiki mua ʻekolu o ka hana.
Pono nā limahana limahana o ka hale agro-ʻoihana e hilinaʻi i ka wā e hiki mai ana, hiki i kēia ke loaʻa nā poʻe i ka uku kūpono no kā lākou hana. I kēia lā, ma ka moku ʻo Ryazan, ʻo ka ulu ulu kahi o nā kūlana no nā māla e loaʻa nā kōkua mai ka moʻohelu kālā. Mahalo i kēia ala, i ka 2014 hiki ke hoʻokō i kahi hoʻonui o ka awelika uku ma ka ʻoihana e 13,9% hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka 2013 (i nā hui mahiʻai i 17342 rubles, kahi hōʻailona maikaʻi loa no kā mākou wahi).
- ʻO wai nā mahiʻai e hāʻawi i ka hāʻawi nui i ka ulu ʻana o kaʻuala e ulu ana i ka ʻāina?
- Ma waena o nā māla potato 30 maikaʻi loa ma Rūsia ka mahiʻai hui i kapa ʻia ma hope ʻO Lenin o ka moku ʻo Kasimovsky. ʻO kahi hāʻawi nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kaʻuala e ulu ana i ka ʻāina i hana ʻia e ka mahiʻai hui ʻo Kasimovsky Zavety Ilyich, ka Ryazan Avangard LLC, ka Ryazan Potato CJSC ma nā moku ʻo Miloslavsky, a me nā mahiʻai hou - AgroSoyuzSpassk LLC a me ka Shilovsky Agroholding LLC.
- E haʻi iā mākou e pili ana i nā hoʻolālā o ka ʻāina no ka ulu ʻana o kaʻuala e ulu ana. He aha nā hana koke e hoʻonohonoho ʻia?
Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Kolkhoz ma hope o ka moku ʻo Lenin Kasimovsky - lālā o ka Hui Lūkia o nā mea hana uala. Hoʻohana i nā ʻenehana hoʻoulu ʻai o ʻEulopa, mīkini piha ʻia ka hana (mai ka mahi ʻana i ka ʻāina a hoʻokaʻawale i ka hua). ʻO ka ʻāpana ma lalo o kaʻuala he 320 hectares i kēlā me kēia makahiki. I ka makahiki 2014, ua ʻohiʻohi ʻia he 9 mau tausani tona o ka ʻuala me ka hua awelika o 281 c / ha. He waihona mālama honua kā ka mahiʻai hui, i ʻae ai i ka mālama ʻana a me ke kūʻai aku ʻana i nā mea kanu i loko o ka makahiki. ʻĀina ʻo "Avangard" Ryazan - kekahi o nā ʻoihana mahi ʻoi loa ma Central Russia. Hoʻonui ʻia ka mahiʻai: me ka mahi ʻana o ka waiū a me nā mea kanu e ulu ana, e ulu ana ka ʻuala a me ka mahi ʻai ʻana. I ka makahiki 2014, he 327 hectare ka ʻāpana ma lalo o kaʻuala, ʻohi ʻia he 8 tausani mau tona me ka hua o 246 c / ha. Hoʻopuka ka mahiʻai i nā meaʻai a me nā ʻuala hua. ʻO ka mahiʻai mahiʻai o ka ʻohana Mansurov i ka moku Klepikovsky i hoʻokumu ʻia ma 2007. Ke hoʻohui nei i ka ʻepekema me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea momona a me nā ʻano hua kiʻekiʻe e hua ana. Ma o 2014, ʻo ka wahi i lūlū ʻia ma ka māla he 370 hectares ia, a he 140 hectare o kaʻuala. Ua ʻohiʻohi ʻia he 3 mau kaukani tona me kahi hua o 211 c / ha. ʻAʻole pono nā hua ʻuala i hana ʻia e nā mahiʻai i hoʻolaha kūikawā - hele mai lākou no lākou mai nā wahi ʻē aʻe o Rusia. |
- Ke kuhikuhi nui o ka hana i ka wā e hiki mai ana ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka nui o ka nui o ka ʻeka a me ka hana ʻana i ka ʻuala, ka hana ʻana i nā waihona waiho o kēia manawa, me ke kumu kūlike. Hoʻolālā mākou e hoʻolauna hou aku i nā ʻenehana hou no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka ʻuala (e kau ʻia ke koʻikoʻi kūikawā i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā manawa kūpono i ka wai - ma nā māla nui a liʻiliʻi (nā mahiʻai). Hoʻonui ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o kaʻuala i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā wahi ʻē aʻe, no ka mea ʻo ka uala ka huahana e pono mākou e kūkulu i kā mākou hiki ke hoʻokuʻu aku.
He wahi moʻolelo
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 511, ua mahi ʻia nā ʻano ʻuala he 50 ma ke kauhale o Kostino, ka moku ʻo Ryvnovsky, ka moku ʻo Ryazan. Ua hoʻopunipuni ʻia kēia hōʻiliʻili a hoʻonui ʻia e Nikolai Yakovlevich Nikitinsky, kekahi o nā mea hānai Lūkini mua loa, kahi hoʻolaha hoʻolaha o ka "lua stable", nāna i manaʻo he ʻuala ia e hoʻopakele iā Lūkia mai ka pōloli. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Contikitaries ʻo Nikitinsky "ke aliʻi ʻuala". A pono kūpono ke poʻo inoa. Ua hoʻohana ka mahiʻai i nā ʻanoʻano i kiʻi ʻia mai ke kuea o nā ʻano lawe mai a me nā ʻano home, a wahaheʻe i nā ʻohiʻohi i lohe ʻole ʻia (mai 150 a XNUMX mau ipu i kēlā me kēia ulu lāʻau)
I ka 1920, ua hāʻawi ʻia kaʻuala o nā ʻano "Nikitin" i ke keʻena ʻo Korenevskaya i hoʻonohonoho wale ʻia ma kahi kokoke i Moscow (ʻo ka Research Institute of Potato Farming). ʻO kēia kahi i hoʻomaka ai ka mōʻaukala o ka ulu ʻana o kaʻuala Soviet me Ryazan ʻuala.