No nā mea kanu ʻuala, he makahiki hui ʻia ʻo 2019. I kēia kau, ua hoʻoholo ka nui o nā mea hana e hoʻomaka i ka ulu ʻana i ka ʻuala no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana, a ke kau nei kēia i nā pilikia hou no nā mea hānai a me nā agronomists a komo i ka hoʻomohala hou ʻana o ka mākeke. I ka manawa like, nā hoʻololi hou i nā kūlana moku'āina, e like me ka poʻe akamai, e kāhea i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana.
Ua nānā nā mea kākau mai ka makasina pehea e hiki ai i nā mahiʻai ʻuala ke noho lana.ʻenehana mahiʻai a me ka ʻenehana".
Ma 2018, ua wehe ʻia kahi hui hui nui o ka hui o nā hui ma ka ʻāina ʻo Lipetsk.Belaya Dacha" a me Lamb Weston / Meijer (ke alakaʻi honua i ka hana ʻana i nā huahana ʻuala) - kahi mea kanu no ka hana ʻana i nā fries Farani. ʻAʻole i hōʻea ka ʻoihana i ka piha piha, akā, e like me ka poʻe loiloi mākeke, ua emi ka nui o ka lawe ʻana mai o nā fries Farani i Russia. Eia kekahi, ua hana ʻia nā kīʻaha Lipetsk no ka lawe ʻana aku i ka ʻIseraʻela, ʻEulopa a me nā ʻāina ʻApelika.
ʻO nā kīʻaha Lūkini a me nā fries
"Ke manaʻo nei mākou ma ka hapa ʻelua o 2019 kahi mea kanu like ma ka ʻāina ʻo Moscow e hoʻokō piha ʻia - ka hui"Agrico"—me ka hiki ke hana ma kahi o 70 tausani tona o nā mea maka," wahi a Alexey Krasilnikov, ka luna hoʻokele o ka Potato Union. "He mau hoʻolālā hoʻi nā mea hoʻopukapuka ʻo Rūsia no kahi keʻena hana ʻāpana koʻikoʻi ma Tyumen ma ke kumu o ka Agrofirm."CRiMM” me ka mana o 30 tausani tons o ka hana ʻana i nā ʻuala a me nā mea kanu. ʻAʻole mākou i ʻike i nā hana nui ʻē aʻe ma kēia ala, ʻoiai ma 2019 ua hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻomaka i ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi lālā o kahi mea kanu hana chips ma ka ʻāina Siberian, akā he papahana wale nō kēia i kēia manawa.
Me ka ulu ʻana o ka hana ʻana i nā ʻuala home, i hana ʻia no nā ʻoihana meaʻai wikiwiki, kūpono ke manaʻo e ulu pū nā mea hana i ka hoihoi i nā ʻano hou i hoʻolālā ʻia no kēia mau kumu. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka mea pōʻino, ʻo nā mea hana Lūkini, ʻoiai lākou e ulu nei i kēlā mau ʻuala ma o lākou iho, e hana me nā koho haole - ʻaʻohe ʻano ʻano ʻano ʻāina kūpono no ka hana ʻana i nā kīʻaha a i ʻole nā french fries.
"ʻAʻohe o mākou manaʻo maikaʻi i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole no ka ʻuala Farani a me ka ʻuala ʻuala, ʻoiai aia paha ia," wahi a Alexey Krasilnikov, "no ka mea aia kahi papahana pailaka no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke koho ʻana a me ka hoʻohua ʻana i nā hua ʻuala, no ka mea. a ma kahi o 11 i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ka waihona kālā federal wale nō. " billion rubles Ua hāʻawi mua ʻia kekahi o kēia mau kālā i nā mea hoʻokani. Aia ma kahi o 24 i komo i ka papahana. Wahi a kēia papahana, ua manaʻo ʻia ma ka makahiki 2025 e hoʻomohala nā mea hānai Lūkini ma kahi o 12 mau ʻano koho home ʻaʻole i haʻahaʻa i ka maikaʻi i nā ʻano koho haole. A ʻoiai ua koi mākou, i loko o ke ʻano o kēia mau hōʻailona, e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano ʻano no ka hana ʻoihana, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole mākou i lohe ʻia. No laila, hiki iā mākou ke koho wale i ka mea e hāʻawi ʻia e kā mākou mea hoʻolale ma 2025.
I kēia lā, koho ʻia ke koho ma ke kuhikuhi i kuhikuhi ʻia e ka mea kūʻai aku o ka huahana, wahi a Anna Khrabrova, ka luna kālepa o ka hui. HZPC ʻO Sadokas (ka hoʻohua ʻuala a me ka hana hua). "Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka mākeke ʻuala: no ka laʻana, aia nā ʻano ʻokoʻa i manaʻo ʻia no ka holoi ʻana, a kaʻawale no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, a aia kekahi mau kuhikuhi ma aneʻi, me ka French fries, nā ʻuala no nā ʻuala a me nā ʻuala no ka hana ʻana i ka starch kiʻekiʻe. Aia nā ʻano like ʻole no ka mākeke kuʻuna. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻāpana i nā ʻāpana i loko ona iho. No laila, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā makemake o ka mea kūʻai hope o ka huahana, e pili ana i kāna mau hiʻohiʻona a me nā pono, e ulu ana ke koho. " No ka laʻana, no ka French fries, makemake ʻia nā ʻano ʻano me ka ʻiʻo melemele ʻeleʻele, kahi ʻano o ka tuber elongated a me kahi ʻano paʻa o nā kō i hoʻemi ʻia i ka wā mālama holoʻokoʻa, hoʻohui ka loea.
E like me ka noi a ka mea kūʻai
I kēia lā, hoʻolohe nā mea kūʻai aku ʻaʻole wale i ka ʻono, akā i ke ʻano o ka ʻuala, no ka mea, "koho ʻia ka huahana ma nā papa me ko lākou mau maka," wahi a Anna Khrabrova. No laila, ke kū nei nā mea hoʻolale i kahi hana hou - e hoʻonani i ka huahana. "I ka hapanui o nā hihia, he mau maka hohonu nā ʻano i hānai ʻia i 20-25 mau makahiki i hala, a ʻaʻohe kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka ʻōlinolino o ka peel. "I kēia lā, he koi koʻikoʻi ka nānā ʻana i ka huahana," wahi a ka loea. - A ʻo ka lua o ke koi, ʻo ka koi o ka mea hana, ʻo ia ka ʻohi nui. No laila, no kā mākou mea kūʻai aku, nā mea hana i ka ʻuala papaʻaina mua, ʻo ka hōʻailona koʻikoʻi ka hua kiʻekiʻe i ka wā oʻo mua. ʻO kēia mau ʻāpana (nā hiʻohiʻona, ka hua, ka wā oʻo) e loaʻa i ka ʻano like wale nō inā e hoʻomaka mua ka mea hānai iā lākou, ke koho ʻana i nā ʻano makua me nā ʻāpana hoʻomaka. ʻAʻole wau e ʻōlelo he conservative ka mākeke ʻuala; he mākeke ia no nā ʻano analog. Makemake nā mea mahiʻai a mākaukau e hana me nā ʻano ʻano hou, akā pono lākou i ka ʻano hou e lilo i ʻano maikaʻi o ka ʻano kaulana. ʻO nā mahiʻai kiʻekiʻe e hana ana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana koʻikoʻi ke hana nei lākou i ka maikaʻi loa e hōʻemi i ke kumukūʻai o ka huahana me ka ʻole o ka nalowale ʻana o ka maikaʻi. Hiki ke hoʻokō i kēia ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hua nui o ka huahana maʻamau. ʻO nā ʻano like ʻole i hānai ʻia i ka wā ma mua he mau kuhikuhi like ʻole. No ka laʻana, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ko lākou nānā ʻana i ke kū ʻana o ka maʻi kūʻē, ʻoiai i ka manawa o ko lākou hana ʻana ʻaʻole i loaʻa kahi ʻōnaehana pale mea kanu ikaika e like me kēia manawa, kuhikuhi ka luna kālepa. HZPC Sadoka.
ʻO ka mea nui ka ʻenehana
Pono kēlā me kēia ʻano like ʻole e hoʻokō me kekahi ʻenehana hana. "No ka laʻana, i kā mākou laina huahana aia kahi ʻano ʻuala i kēia manawa kekahi o nā alakaʻi i ke kūʻai aku," wahi a Anna Khrabrova. "I kēia manawa ua ʻike ka mākeke e pili ana i kāna mau ʻano, a kūʻai maoli ʻo ia iā ia iho, akā ʻaʻole ʻo ia e like me ia. Ua hana ʻia kekahi hana me nā mahiʻai. No nā mea he nui, he mea hou ia i ke koi ʻana e kanu ʻia kēia ʻano ʻano 2 knm hohonu ma mua o ka ʻenehana maʻamau. A hāʻawi kēia mau kenimika i ka tuber i kahi manawa hou no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā stolons, e hiki ai iā ia ke ʻike i kona hiki ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe nā ʻano me ka mana apical (ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka pua apical o ka tuber, e ulu wikiwiki ana a hoʻolohi i ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻōpala lateral), hoʻomau ka loea. He liʻiliʻi nā ʻano like ʻole, akā aia lākou, a ma waena o lākou he mau ʻano kaulana loa. Pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia kēia hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻano like ʻole i mea e koho ai i ka ʻenehana kūpono no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā mea kanu. Manaʻo ʻia e wāwahi i ka pua apical i ka manawa kūpono, kahi e hāʻawi ai i ka manawa e ala ai nā ʻōpala lateral. Inā manaʻo mākou he 3 mau ʻuala ka hua o kēlā me kēia kumu, a laila maopopo ka makemakika o ke kaʻina hana. Ma kahi o hoʻokahi kumu apical, hoʻokumu ka mea kanu i 3-4 mau wana, kēlā me kēia mea e hoʻopuka i 3 mau hua. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i nā nuances o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole e lawe mai i nā pono waiwai.
Ua ʻike mua nā mea kanu ʻuala ma ka ʻāina ʻo Vologda pehea e hiki ai i ka ʻenehana mahiʻai kūpono ke hoʻāla i kahi ʻoihana mahiʻai mai nā wahi ʻino. Ma ʻaneʻi, ma ke kahua o kahi ʻoihana mahiʻai hui nui i hāʻule i ka makahiki kanaiwa, ua hana ʻia nā mahi ʻuala pilikino hou.
"Ua alakaʻi nā loea Finnish i nā seminar e pili ana i ka mahi ʻana i ka ʻuala," i hoʻomanaʻo ai ʻo Vasily Solovyov, ke poʻo o ka mahiʻai mahiʻai (Vologda region), "nā mea i kono ʻia e ka hoʻokele moku. Ua kamaʻilio lākou e pili ana i ka mahiʻai kūpono a me ka ʻenehana o ka mahi ʻuala. A laila ua puka mai kahi alakaʻi no ka hana. A laila aia nā waihona i hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā a ʻike i ka mea e nānā aku ai. Ma mua o kēia, ua mālama mākou i nā puʻu. Ua hōʻike ʻia iā mākou pehea e hoʻonohonoho ai i ke kaʻina hana; ua hele mai kahi loea Finnish i ka mahiʻai a hoʻomalu piha i ke kaʻina o ka ulu ʻana i ka ʻuala no nā makahiki mua o kā mākou hana. Ua helu ʻo ia i nā ʻano hana a aʻo i ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā hua. Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā formula, ua helu au i ka mea e loaʻa ai ka hua hou. Kahaha au ia manawa. Ua ikaika loa ka pahu. Ma laila i hoʻomaka ai."
ʻĀnō ʻo Vasily Solovyov i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā hua ʻuala o ka hoʻohua kiʻekiʻe, e hoʻomaka me nā mini-tubers a hoʻopau me ka hana mua. Aia ka ʻāina ma lalo o ke kanu ʻana i ka ʻuala ma mua o 150 mau ʻeka. "ʻEono mau limahana paʻa i komo i ka hana," wahi a ka mea mahiʻai. "ʻO ia hoʻi, ua ʻike ʻia he liʻiliʻi wale nō ka poʻe e hoʻohana ana i ka ʻenehana hou, e hana i ʻoi aku ma mua o 5 tausani mau ʻuala." Kūʻai ʻia nā ʻuala hua i nā wahi he nui o Rūsia - mai ka ʻāina Vologda a hiki i Astrakhan. Ma ka huina, ulu ka mahiʻai ma mua o ʻumikumamālima mau ʻano ʻuala, kaʻana like i ke poʻo o ka mahiʻai mahiʻai. ʻO ka mahiʻai kahi ʻāpana o ke ʻano o ka hana hua mua ma ka ʻāina ʻo Vologda; ʻo ke kūʻai ʻana i nā hua hoʻohua kiʻekiʻe ke kumu nui o kāna loaʻa kālā.
Ke hana nei kekahi mau mahiʻai ʻē aʻe i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā hua kanu hua kiʻekiʻe ma kahi ʻoihana mahiʻai mua. ʻO lākou a pau he ʻāpana o ka hui Ustyuzhensky Potato, nona ka luna ʻo Vasily Solovyov.
Kūlana pau ʻole
Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai ka maikaʻi o waho o ke kūlana me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mākeke hua ʻuala a me ka hoʻolaʻa hou ʻana o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā hua home, loiloi nā loea i nā lula hou i hoʻokumu ʻia ma kēia wahi. Ma Ianuali 1, 2018, ua hoʻomaka ka GOST 33996-2016 hou no ka hoʻohua hua ʻuala, e hāʻawi ana i kahi hōʻoluʻolu ma ke kahua o nā maʻi ʻuala a hāʻawi i kahi hapa i ko lākou hoʻolaha ʻana ma Rusia.
"ʻO nā ʻano nui o ka ʻuala i mahi ʻia e ka poʻe mahiʻai he elite (ES) a me ka hānau ʻana (RP), ʻo ka hapa nui o ka 1 a i ʻole 2nd reproduction, kahi i hoʻonohonoho ai ka GOST hou i nā koi liʻiliʻi loa, "wahi a Alexander Hütti, ke poʻo o ka ʻāpana Potato. Hale Hana o na ma'i o na mea kanu i na ma'i VIZR. Hoʻomaopopo ʻo ia he alakaʻi kēia mau ʻāpana (ES, RP1 a me RP2) ma ke ʻano o ke kanu ʻana a me ke kūʻai ʻana i nā hua ʻuala, ʻoi aku hoʻi mai nā ʻāina ʻē. He mea koʻikoʻi ka mea hope, ʻoiai ʻo ka "maʻemaʻe" o nā mea kanu i lawe ʻia mai a me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka quarantine a me nā pathogens non-quarantine he kumu nui ia i ka moʻomeheu o ka ulu ʻana i ka ʻuala a me ke kī i ka mahiʻai kūleʻa a loaʻa i nā hua ʻuala kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ka loea. ua maopopo.
ʻO kahi mea koʻikoʻi: ʻo ka ʻuala wale nō ka mea kanu i hiki ai i ka nalowale o nā hua mai nā maʻi "fungal" a hiki i ka hapalua o ka hiki, ʻoiai me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā papa hana palekana, hoʻomau ʻo Alexander Hütti. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hopena o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana e aneane mau "maʻemaʻe" a i ʻole me nā hōʻailona hōʻailona nāwaliwali o kekahi mau maʻi. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole i noʻonoʻo ka GOST hou i ka ʻāpana o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kaʻina infectious, i kapa ʻia a i wehewehe ʻia ʻo ia ka ʻano "latent". ʻO ka pōʻino o kēlā ʻano "latent" ʻike maopopo ʻia mai ka inoa: i ka ʻike ʻole ʻia o nā hōʻailona maʻamau o ka mea kumu o ka maʻi, ʻo nā hua ʻuala i hoʻopili ʻia he "bom manawa infectious", a i ka wā e hiki mai ana e alakaʻi ʻia. ka hōʻiliʻili o ka maʻi a me ka nalowale o ka hua i nā pae like ʻole, ʻōlelo ka loea.
Wahi a nā ʻelele o ka Potato Union, nui nā ʻano like ʻole i kū mai i kēia lā ma muli o ke ʻano o ka GOST hou i ka honua - ua hoʻomohala ʻia no ka ʻāina holoʻokoʻa o nā ʻāina o ka Eurasian Economic Union. "I kēia makahiki, ua kapa ʻia ka All-Russian Research Institute of Potato Farming. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo A.G. Lorkha, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea hoʻomohala o GOST, ua manaʻo ʻo ia e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka GOST aupuni no nā hua ʻuala, wahi a Alexey Krasilnikov. - Ma ke ala, ua kūkākūkā nui ʻia kēia maʻamau, a ua lawe mākou i kahi ala kaulike loa i kona ʻae ʻia. ʻAe, ua koi ʻia mākou ʻaʻole e hoʻopaʻa i nā koi no nā pae maʻi, no ka mea, inā ʻaʻole, ʻaʻole hiki i ka hapa nui o nā hui hua ke hālāwai me lākou. E waiho wale ʻia mākou me ka ʻole o ka hua ʻuala. ʻO ia hoʻi, e ola ana, ʻoiaʻiʻo, akā, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻokō hou i nā koi, "wahi a ka loea.
ʻO Alexander Hütti, ke poʻo o ka ʻāpana maʻi ʻuala o ka Laboratory of Plant Immunity to Diseases o ka All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection "I nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua loli nui nā hōʻailona o nā pathogens o nā maʻi fungal o ka ʻuala. . No ka laʻana, ʻo ke kumu kumu o ka scab ʻeleʻele (fungus Rhizoctonia solani JG Kuhn) a i ʻole, e like me ka mea i kapa ʻia, ʻike nui ʻia ka rhizoctoniosis ma nā ʻuala ma ke ʻano o nā maʻi maʻi maʻi poepoe o nā ʻano like ʻole mai ka hoʻokahi a hiki i ka nui, i hoʻopuehu ʻia ma luna o ka ʻili o ka ʻōpala. Hiki ke huikau ia mau ma'i ma'i me ka 'ikea o ia ma'i weliweli e like me ka tuberous scab. Ma waho aʻe o nā maʻi maʻi maʻi āpau, hōʻike ka maʻi iā ia iho i ke ʻano o ka necrosis, nā māwae, ka sclerotial mesh, ka popopo o nā maka a me nā lenticels, a liʻiliʻi a liʻiliʻi i ke ʻano o ka sclerotia ʻeleʻele kaulana, ʻoiai ka GOST hou. ʻAʻole pono e uhi ʻia ka tuber me lākou ma lalo o 10% o ka nui o ka wahi i noho ʻia. A i ʻole, me ka liʻiliʻi o ka pōʻino, ua manaʻo ʻia kēlā ʻano tuber i ke olakino a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no nā kumu hua i ka ʻāpana hānau kūpono. Eia kekahi, he mea kupanaha ka ʻike ʻole o ka nui o ka sclerotia he mea nui loa ia e pili ana i ka hiki ke hoʻopili a me ka pōʻino i hana ʻia, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka nui o ka sclerotia, ʻoi aku ka pōʻino. A ʻo ka sclerotia liʻiliʻi e alakaʻi pinepine i kahi ola saprophytic me ka ʻole o ka hōʻeha ʻana i ka ʻuala, a no ka laʻana, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi mau sclerotia nui ka mea ʻoi aku ka pōʻino: e hōʻeha lākou ma mua o nā mea liʻiliʻi.
He mea pono ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia no nā maʻi fungal ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka GOST hou he ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi, no ka mea no kekahi kumu e noʻonoʻo ai i hoʻokahi wale nō hōʻailona hōʻailona o kahi maʻi kūikawā. Ma ke ʻano maʻamau, pili kekahi mau pathogens o nā maʻi ʻuala i ke kaʻina hana infectious, me ka ʻokoʻa wale nō ʻo ka maʻi hoʻokahi ke kumu kumu o ka maʻi, a ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe e pili ana ma hope, e hoʻopiʻi i ka maʻi a i ʻole ke alakaʻi ʻana i ka ʻike hewa ʻole o ka pathogen. ma muli o nā hōʻailona pohihihi. Ma kēia mea, hiki i ka ʻike ʻana i kekahi pathogen me ka ʻole o ka noiʻi piha ʻana o ka paʻakikī pathogenic holoʻokoʻa hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hāʻawi hewa ʻana o ka māhele hānau. He mea hoihoi ia i ka GOST hou, i ka wā i ʻike ʻia ai kekahi mau pathogens ma ka tuber, hoʻokahi wale nō i koho ʻia mai ka papa inoa ma ke ʻano o ka mea i manaʻo ʻia, a ʻaʻole i noʻonoʻo ʻia ke koena. ʻO nā laʻana e pili ana i nā pathogens o ka anthracnose a me ka blackleg, phomosis, fusarium a me alternaria, hiki ke loaʻa ma luna o ka tuber i ka manawa like a alakaʻi i kahi hōʻailona hewa.
Source: https://www.agroinvestor.ru