Wahi a nā helu helu, ʻo nā kāloti i ke kolu o ka "hui borsch" ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana ma Rusia. ʻO ka ʻuala a me nā ʻolika wale nō ka mea kaulana ma mua ona. Eia nō naʻe, he manaʻo pili ka kaulana, no ka mea ua ʻike hou ka poʻe mahiʻai i ka hopena o ka manawa 2022.
ʻAʻole i lawe mai ka hua huaora i kāna mau mea hana i ka loaʻa kālā i manaʻo ʻia. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, e like me Vasily Zaitsev, kahi mea kanu kāloti kaulana a me ka mea kūʻai aku ʻo Vilmorin, wānana, e alakaʻi kēia i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hana kāloti ma 2023.
HOEMI ANA
"E like me kaʻu mau ʻike," wahi a ka loea, "ua emi ka wahi ma lalo o nā kāloti i kēia kau i ka makahiki i hala a me ke koʻikoʻi loa. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻolaha nā mea pāʻani nui a pau i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hana ʻana ma kahi o 30 pakeneka.
E like me kā Vasily Zaitsev i kākau ai, aia kekahi mau kumu no ka nalowale ʻana o ka makemake o ka poʻe mahiʻai i ka ulu ʻana i nā kāloti, ʻo kekahi o lākou nā kūlana paʻakikī no ka ʻohi ʻana i ka manawa 2022. "I kekahi mau wahi, ʻaʻole i pau ka ua a hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo," wehewehe ʻo ia, "ʻaʻole i hiki i nā ʻoihana mahiʻai āpau ke hoʻomākaukau i nā māla no ke kanu ʻana i ka manawa kūpono, a haʻalele loa kekahi i kahi ʻāpana o ka hua ma lalo o ka hau. Meakanu
ʻAʻole manaʻo nā mea kanu i kēia mau wahi i ka makahiki 2023, ʻo ke koena mea kanu ʻaʻole i palalo ke kumu o nā maʻi bacterial. No laila, pono ka poʻe mahiʻai e koho i ka cereals.
ʻO ke kumu maikaʻi ʻelua no ka haʻalele ʻana i nā kāloti ʻo ia nā kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa no nā mea kanu āpau āpau (koe naʻe nā aniani) a me ka paʻakikī o ke kūʻai ʻana i nā huahana mahiʻai i loko o ka makahiki. "Ua hoʻoholo maoli ka poʻe mahiʻai a hiki i ʻApelila i ka mea e lūlū ai i kēia makahiki, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe koi ma ka mākeke no nā mea kanu," wehewehe ʻo Vasily Zaitsev.
ʻO ka emiʻana o ka noi, e like me ka mea akamai, ua weheweheʻia e ka nui o ka hoʻolakoʻana i ka huahana ma ka mākeke. I ka makahiki 2022 (ma hope o ke kau o nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe no kēia mau huahana), ua kanu ʻia nā mea kanu e like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia. "Ma ka moku Volgograd wale nō, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka wahi ma lalo o nā kāloti ma muli o nā mahiʻai liʻiliʻi," wahi a Vasily Zaitsev.
Eia kekahi, ua hoʻolako ikaika ʻia nā huahana mai nā wahi i hoʻohui ʻia a me Belarus i nā papa o nā hale kūʻai Lūkini (ma mua, ua hele kekahi hapa o nā kāloti Belarusian-Russian i Ukraine).
Akā ʻo ka nui o nā hoʻopuka mai Kina, Israel, ʻAigupita i 2022 i manaʻo ʻia ua hoʻemi ʻia, ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia nā huahana mai kēia mau ʻāina i nā mākeke kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe. "Ma ka maʻamau, lawe ʻia ka nui o nā kāloti i Rusia mai Kazakhstan, ʻoi loa mai ka ʻāina ʻo Pavlodar, kahi i ulu nui ʻia ai kēia huaʻai," wahi a Vasily Zaitsev, "ua wehe ka palena ma waena o nā ʻāina i lālā o ka Customs Union, Kazakh carrots. ke kūʻai ʻia aku nei ma Siberia, ʻoiaʻiʻo, pili i ka nui o nā huahana o kēia mau huahana ma nā wahi o ka Siberian Federal District. I ka makahiki i hala aku nei, ma muli o nā kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa ma Rūsia, ua hele kēia kahe i Asia, ʻo ka mea e hiki mai ana i ke kau hou he paʻakikī ke ʻōlelo.
KAU HOU, NA KUMUKUAI HOU
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole e noho piha ka ʻāina me ka ʻole o nā kāloti. Ua kūleʻa ka pae ʻana ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, ʻoiai ʻo ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no ia mea i hele pū ʻia me kekahi mau pilikia. E like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka manawa hoʻopuka no nā hua mai nā ʻāina ʻē. "Ma mua, e ʻōlelo kākou, ua hāʻawi ʻia kahi kaʻa mai Farani no ka lōʻihi o ʻelua pule, i kēia manawa a hiki i hoʻokahi mahina a me ka hapa.", wahi a kahi luna kūʻai Vilmorin. Ua piʻi aʻe nā kumukūʻai - i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka makahiki i hala (inā ʻaʻole mākou e noʻonoʻo i ka manawa o ka lele ʻana i ke kumukūʻai kūʻai) ma ka awelika o 20%.
«He hōʻailona kēia no Rusia, - noonoo ʻO Vasily Zaitsev, - - ua hōʻole kekahi mau hui kaʻa e hana pū me ko mākou ʻāina. ʻO ka poʻe e hoʻomau nei e hana pēlā ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe lākou i kā lākou kumukūʻai a ke lawe nei i ka ʻinikua huakaʻi ma ka uku kiʻekiʻe loa.". I ka manawa like, e like me ka mea akamai, ʻo nā hua like ma nā ʻāina kokoke (Belarus, Kazakhstan, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) he 30-40% ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. ʻIke ʻia ka ʻokoʻa, no laila nui ka poʻe mahiʻai (ʻo ka poʻe i kanu ʻole me ke kālā hōʻaiʻē a ʻaʻole pono e hōʻike i nā panakō) i kēia makahiki i makemake e kūʻai i nā mea kanu ma nā ʻāina e pili ana "me ka manaʻo ʻole", no ke kālā, me ka ʻole o nā palapala hōʻoia, ma kā lākou iho. pilikia a me ka pilikia.
ʻO ka pilikia, ma ke ala, aia maoli. "No ka laʻana, i ka lawe ʻana mai i nā hua kāloti mai Central Asia, aia ka hiki ke loaʻa nā huahana i loaʻa i ka pathogen o ka ʻoki ʻana i nā ʻuala ʻuala (zebra chip), no ka mea, ʻaʻole i hoʻokō ʻia i kēia mau ʻāina ka mana phytosanitary no ke alo o Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum. "wahi a ka loea, "ʻoiai, he maʻi weliweli kēia e hoʻoweliweli ʻaʻole i nā kāloti wale nō, akā ʻo nā ʻuala hoʻi i ulu i ka hoʻololi ʻana. Hiki ke hōʻea i ka 40%.
KOHO I KA ALOHA O SHANTANE
Wahi a kahi ʻelele o ka hui ʻo Vilmorin, ʻaʻole i kū i ka hemahema o nā hua kāloti o kekahi mau ʻano a me nā hybrids i ka wā hou, ua hiki ke hoʻokomo i nā kūlana mai waena o nā koho koho i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka State Register.
I ka manawa like, ua koho nā mea kūʻai aku i kahi koho ma ke ʻano o nā hybrids o ke ʻano ʻano ʻano Shantane. "Ma kahi ʻāpana, he hopena hoʻi kēia o ka hāʻule paʻakikī o 2022., wehewehe ʻO Vasily Zaitsev, - - ʻAʻole maikaʻi ʻo Shantane hybrids e like me Nantes a me Kuroda, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā kāloti o kēia ʻano ʻano a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā manawa a ka agrarian e ʻohi ai i nā kūlana ʻino..
Ma keʻano laulā, e like me ka ʻōlelo a ka poʻe loea, ʻo ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā ʻano ʻano ʻano Shantane i ko mākou ʻāina e pili pono ana i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka ʻohi mīkini.
«I nā makahiki ʻelua a ʻekolu paha i hala iho nei, ua hoʻololi ikaika ka poʻe mahiʻai ma ka ʻāina ʻo Volgograd i ka ʻenehana ridge; ma mua, ua ulu ʻia nā kāloti ma ʻaneʻi ma nā kua., - hāʻawi ka loea i kahi laʻana. - Akā i ka wā maʻi maʻi, ua kū ka poʻe mahiʻai i ka hemahema o ka hana, a laila piʻi nui ka uku o nā limahana. ʻO ka hopena, ua hoʻāʻo kēlā me kēia mahiʻai e kūʻai i hoʻokahi lālani hui, akā ua koi ʻia e hoʻoponopono hou i ka hoʻonohonoho o nā hybrids ulu.".
«Akā i nā mahiʻai o ka ʻāina Novgorod, ʻohi pinepine ʻia nā kāloti me ka lima., kaʻana like i nā nānā Zaitsev, - - a ma kēia ʻāina, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāloti o nā ʻano ʻano ʻano Nantes. ʻO kāna mau mea maikaʻi, ma waho aʻe o ka ʻono, e pili ana i ke kūpono no ka mālama lōʻihi. Nui nā poʻe mahiʻai Novgorod i nā hale kūʻai pahu hau hou, kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke kūʻai aku i nā huahana maikaʻi loa a hiki i ka hāʻule o ke kau aʻe.".
ʻOiai ma nā papa o nā hale kūʻai ma ka hapa nui o nā wahi o Rūsia, ʻoi aku ka nui o Shantane. "Ma luna o 10 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, i koʻu hoʻomaka ʻana e hana no Vilmorin, - wahi a ʻO Vasily Zaitsev, - - Ma waena o kaʻu mau hana, ʻo ia ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā kāloti o nā ʻano ʻano ʻano Nantes i nā kaulahao kūʻai. ʻO nā Hybrids o kēia ʻano ua pālahalaha ʻia ma ʻEulopa, akā aia nā ʻāina like ʻole a me kahi ʻano ʻē aʻe, ma Farani a me Kelemania hema, no ka laʻana, hiki i nā kāloti ke hoʻoilo i ka lepo. Ma Rūsia, ʻokoʻa nā mea a pau, a pono e noʻonoʻo nā kaulahao kūʻai e hana ana ma kāna ʻāina. No nā hale kūʻai, ʻo ka mea mua, he mea nui ka hōʻike ʻana i nā huahana, ʻaʻohe mea e pono ai i ka ʻōpala, no laila e lawe ʻo Shantane i ka ʻāpana liona i ka ʻāpana, pono kēia no nā mea mahiʻai a me nā mea kūʻai aku.".
MAʻalahi e mālama akā paʻakikī i ka mālama ʻana
ʻAʻole maʻalahi ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka wā e hiki mai ana o nā kāloti ma Rūsia. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ke ʻano o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa mau ʻana o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā mea kanu ma ka laʻana o kekahi mau papahana mea kanu nui i hoʻomaka ʻia i ka makahiki 2014: me kēlā me kēia kau hou, ke hoʻemi nui nei lākou i ka ʻāpana o nā kāloti i ka hana holoʻokoʻa. I nā kūlana o kēia wā, ʻo kahi ʻoihana e ulu ana i nā mea kanu ma 50-80 mau ʻeka he ʻoihana nui.
«Ma ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, maʻalahi ka ulu ʻana., - maopopo ʻO Vasily Zaitsev, - - ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī e mālama. E nānā pū wau i nā pilikia o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kāloti ma Rūsia i hana ʻia ma nā ʻāpana hema, akā holoi ʻia ka huahana me ka wai mahana, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o "nā ʻōpala", a ʻo ka nui o nā huahana hiki ke hele i ka hoʻonohonoho hou ʻana. I loko o ka ʻIseraʻela, no ka laʻana, ua lako nā laina holoi holoi me nā hydrocoolers e mālama i ka wai ma kahi mahana a hiki i +3 ° C, mahalo i hiki ke hoʻemi nui i ka nui o ka ʻōpala.".
Akā hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia nā pilikia hana āpau inā loaʻa i ka poʻe mahiʻai kahi mea hoʻoikaika no kēia, manaʻo ka loea. "Inā koi ʻia, loaʻa ka lako., - memo Zaitsev, - - i ka makahiki 2021, he kālā maikaʻi loa nā kāloti, a ua hoʻoikaika ʻia nā mea a pau. I kēia manawa hiki ke maʻalahi ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hana mahiʻai e ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka ʻai lehulehu. ʻO ke koi ʻana i nā mea kanu ke alakaʻi nei i ka ʻoihana meaʻai i kahi ākea nui, a ke manaʻo nei mākou e hāʻawi ia i ka poʻe mahiʻai i kumu no ka manaʻo maikaʻi.".