ʻO ka pilikia o ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi hoʻokomo i loko o ka ʻāpana agro-ʻenehana ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki e hōʻike ʻia e ke ʻano aʻo kūloko o ka palekana kai. Hanohano Agronomist o ka Russian Federation, Kauka o ka ʻepekema ʻo Yuri Loginov, ke poʻo o ke kikowaena no ka hoʻoulu ʻana a me ka ulu ʻana o ka ulu ma ke Kulanui Agrarian o Northern Trans-Urals ʻo Alexander Kharalgin a me ke poʻo o ka hale hana no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā mea kanu a me nā ʻenehana. nā moʻomeheu Alexey Starykh.
He kūlana ikaika nō naʻe ʻo Rūsia i ke koho ʻana i nā hua palaoa. Kiʻi: Tatiana Andreeva / RG
Hōʻike hoʻomanawanui
I ke koho ʻana i nā mea kanu hua palaoa, aia nō i Russia kahi kūlana ikaika, a ʻaʻole ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻo Tyumen ma aneʻi. ʻOhi ka ʻāpana i kahi hōʻiliʻili maikaʻi a mahalo nui i kāna kumu hua ponoʻī. I kēia manawa, ʻo 40 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻaʻole i ulu pono ka palaoa meaʻai ma aneʻi. A laila ua hāʻawi ʻia i kahi hui ʻepekema mai ka Tyumen Agricultural Institute a me ka Institute Research of the Northern Trans-Urals me ka hana ʻana i kahi ʻano kumu e hiki ai ke hōʻoia i ka hōʻiliʻili paʻa ʻana o ka palaoa kiʻekiʻe no kēia mau latitude. No ka hybridization, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano kūloko kaulana "awnless-1" a me "Saratovskaya-29" e like me nā ʻano kumu, i hoʻohana ʻia e lūlū he ʻumi miliona mau kaona i ka ʻāina a me nā ʻāina ʻē.
- ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe ʻano ākea ākea. No laila, ma "Saratov-29" palupalu ke koʻokoʻo, me ka hoʻomomona nui e hoʻomoe ia i lalo. Loaʻa i kahi kumu waiwai a me nā ʻenehana kūpono, ua hana mākou i kahi hoʻokipa-kūʻē iā "Tyumen-15" i 80 mau makahiki. ʻO nā ʻano, i loaʻa pono ka maikaʻi i nā kūlana ʻē aʻe a ʻae i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana a 50-60 keneta o ka hectare, i noho ma kahi o 40 pākēneka o ka ʻili palaoa o ka ʻāina. ʻO nā mahiʻai o ka Sverdlovsk a me nā wahi kokoke loa i ka manawa i hoʻohana ʻoluʻolu iā ia, - wahi a Yuri Loginov.
Eia nō naʻe, me ka loli o ka hoʻolālā hoʻokele waiwai o ka ʻāina, ʻo kēlā mau mahiʻai i loaʻa i kēlā me kēia manawa a i ʻole wā maʻamau paha i ka nele o ke kālā, ua pau ka "kanawalu" i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana, no ka mea ʻo ka hoʻihoʻi maikaʻi mai ia mai i loaʻa wale ia me ka momona nui. A ʻaʻole ʻemi lākou. Ua hoʻonāukiuki kēia hanana i ka hana ʻana o kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa - ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hilinaʻi ʻana i ka nui o ka hānai ʻana, akā e hāʻawi ana i kahi hopena paʻa. Pēlā i kū ai ka "Iubile Tyumen". Hoʻokomo ʻia ia i ka papa inoa mokuʻāina i ka makahiki 2019, e hala ana i 2-3 mau makahiki no ka hana kope ʻana i nā hua o ka mahele "elite". ʻO kekahi keu pono o ka "Iubilē" ʻo ia ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe i ka ʻaʻā koʻokoʻo, kahi maʻi e hoʻonui pinepine i nā cereal i nā māla o Siberia Komohana.
"Mahalo i ka papahana o ka honua no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā ʻano palaoa a me nā kulina, ua hoʻohana mākou i nā mea kūmole mai Lūkia, Kazakhstan a me Mexico. Hāʻawi ka hybridization o nā ʻano mai nā ʻāina like ʻole a me nā ʻāina ʻē iā mākou e hoʻokō i nā hana kiʻekiʻe. A ma ka laulaha, pili ka koho i ka hoʻowalewale wiwo ʻole. ʻO kahi laʻana, ua hoʻoholo mākou i ka wā e hiki mai ana e hoʻohana i nā pela ʻelua a me ka hopena o Transcaucasia - ka palaoa a Timofeyev no ka hele ʻana, - wahi a ka ʻepekema.
Wahi a ia, i kēia lā ma ka moku Tyumen aia he 14 mau ʻanoʻano o ka palaoa i ka holo. ʻAʻohe haole i waena o lākou.
Hoʻokahi ma ka māla, hoʻokahi ma ke kula
E pili ana i ka lua o ka berena, kānalua ke kiʻi me ia. ʻO kekahi o nā māla ʻuala nui loa o ka ʻāina e hana ana ma ka moku ʻo Tyumen. Loaʻa i kahi paʻa kahi hale hana ikaika o ka hana ʻana i nā hua mua no ka ulu ʻana i nā hua elite, e hoʻomaka ana mai ke kahua o nā mea kanu hoʻāʻo, me ka hui pū ʻana me nā ʻepekema ʻo Yekaterinburg, ua hana ʻo ia i ʻelima mau ʻano āpana, akā, e like me ma mua, mahi nui ia i nā ʻano Dutch. ʻAʻole lākou e ʻike i kahi mea pani no lākou ma aneʻi, no ka mea, manaʻo ʻia lākou he mea ʻole e pili ana i ka huina o nā mea kūʻai aku-ʻenehana: nā hua, ke kūpaʻa o ka maʻi, ka mālama ʻana i ka maikaʻi, "pololei" o ka nui a me ke ʻano o ka tuber. ʻO nā ʻano hope loa ʻelua he mea nui no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe mīkini ʻana o nā hua, ʻae lākou i ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi ʻōpala i ka hana ʻana i nā huahana semi-oti, nā huahana o ka hana hohonu. ʻO ka mālama ʻole i nā kūlana i ʻae ʻia e alakaʻi i ka nalo ʻana o nā ʻaelike me nā hui nui. Ua lawe ʻia ka mākeke hua kanu e nā ʻoihana transnational: ua hōʻike ʻia nā mea kūʻai mai me nā "hua maikaʻi no ka hoʻokolokolo", a ʻo ka hopena, ua hāʻule ka poʻe mahiʻai i kahi pahele kūʻai.
I ka manawa like, nui ka mākeke kūʻai aku no ka ʻuala hua, a mai poina iā mākou nā mea hana nui o kaʻuala i ko mākou ʻāina he māla, mahiʻai mahiʻai. ʻAʻole nui ka poʻe i hāpai e ulu i kahi "wahine Dutch". ʻO ka mea mua, koi ʻia i ka mālama pono i nā lula o ka mālama, mālama pono ʻana i ka hana hou ʻana, inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻeli i kahi ihu mai kahi gulkin i ka hāʻule. ʻO ka lua, ʻaʻole makemake nā mea āpau iā ia. I kekahi poʻe, e laʻa, lawelawe i ka antipode o ka Dutch - crumbly, starchy.
- Alakaʻi ʻia mākou e ke koi o ka pūʻali koa o nā mea nona nā pā mahiʻai, dachas, nā mahiʻai liʻiliʻi. Me nā haumāna i nā canteens ua hoʻāʻo mākou i nā kīʻaha mai ʻelua mauʻano unpretentious i loaʻa iā mākou me nā inoa hana "Kuznetsovsky" a me "Nadezhda". ʻO lākou nā hua mua o ke komo ʻana o ke kulanui i nā papahana loea pekelala a kūloko hoʻi no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā ʻano ʻuala hoʻokūkū. E hoʻomaopopo i ka haʻalele ʻana ʻaʻole wale no kahi laʻana e kūpono i nā mahiʻai, he mea nui e hoʻonui i nā hua, kahi e hoʻopau pinepine ai ke kaʻina hana, - koʻikoʻi iā Alexander Kharalgin. - ʻO ka poʻe e hana ana i kēia, ke hoʻopukapuka nui nei, e like me ka ʻōlelo a ke aupuni i hala iho nei no ke kākoʻo kālā ʻana i ka hana ʻana i nā mea kanu, e uku ʻia no 70 pākēneka o nā lilo. ʻO kahi hana kūpono i ka mālamalama o ke aʻo aupuni ʻana o ka palekana meaʻai. E hoʻomaopopo wau iā ʻoe e manaʻo ia e hōʻoia ma ka liʻiliʻi he ʻekolu hapahā o nā hua o nā mea kanu i mahi ʻia he home.
E hoʻihoʻi i ka "kamaʻāina" Lūkini i nā kāloti
E pili ana i nā mea kanu ʻai a me nā mea kanu, hoʻoweliweli ka hanana i ka Russian Federation: e like me ka Ministry of Agriculture, ʻo ka hilinaʻi ʻana i nā lawe mai i hōʻea i ka 90 pākēneka i kekahi mau mea, i ka nui, nā lako haole i nā ʻōlelo ruble no ka hapa o nā puke. ʻAʻole hiki ke ulu i nā kāloti, nā ʻaka, nā beet me ka ʻole o nā ʻano haole. ʻO ka manawa kēia e hoʻōho ai i ke kiaʻi?
- Malia paha ʻaʻole ʻoe e lawe i ke kūlana me ka ʻeha loa? Me he mea lā he lawehala e hoʻopiʻi e pili ana i nā ʻanoʻano, hilinaʻi nā mea hoʻolako. He aha ka weliweli, e hopu? - Nīnau wau iā Alexey Starykh.
- I ka mahele o nā hua i ke kumukūʻai o ka hana. I ka manawa mua ʻaʻole ʻikea ia, i kēia manawa kiʻekiʻe loa - 25-40 pākēneka. Ua hopu ʻia ka mākeke e nā ʻoihana transnational e kūʻai aku ana i nā huahana pale mea kanu. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka poʻe kūʻai me "nā hua maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻokolokolo". He paʻakikī e hōʻole i ke kālā manuahi. A ʻo kahi hopena, ua hāʻule ka poʻe mahiʻai i loko o kahi pahele kūʻai: hoʻonui iki ke kumukūʻai, ʻoiai i ka manawa like ke hoʻololi i nā hua i lawe ʻia i alakaʻi i ka hoʻonui i ke kumukūʻai o ka mālama kemikino, ka hoʻomomona ʻana, mālama, - wehewehe ka mea noiʻi.
ʻAneʻane lilo ka ʻoihana i ka pūnaewele nui o nā kahua hoʻokolohua i hana, a me ka ʻole o ka kūleʻa, ʻoiai ma ka ʻĀkau Hema. Ma Salekhard, no ka laʻana, ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka ʻano huli turn "Arctic". ʻO ke kālā no ka hana hua ʻana i nā mea kanu he mea hōʻino loa ia, ʻaʻole hoihoi no ka hoʻopukapuka. ʻAʻole like ia me ka palaoa, kahi nui o nā puke, a me nā loaʻa o ka lawe aku i ka wā e hiki mai ana ma ke ʻano he kumu hoʻoikaika hou, ʻaʻole ia e hōʻoia i ka noi paʻa a me nā loaʻa wikiwiki. Ua mālama ʻia ke Kulanui ʻo Agrarian - ma kāna pono ponoʻī, pilikia a me nā kālā akahai - no ka hoʻokō ʻana i kahi papahana noiʻi kulanui e pili ana i ka hoʻopili ʻana, ka hele ʻana, e ulu ana i nā mea kanu kuʻuna a me nā mea maʻamau ʻole no kā mākou latitude.
- ʻO ka seti mea kanu Lūkia maʻamau me kahi maximum o 7-8 mau laha. Ma Iapana, no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa haneli ma ka mākeke mea kūʻai. Ke hoʻohana nei i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka waihona moʻomeheu Vavilov o nā hua a me nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻāʻo mākou e pili ana i 90 mau ʻano o nā mea kanu e ulu ana i nā ʻāina like ʻole o ka honua. Hoʻonui mākou iā lākou ma nā wahi ākea. ʻO nā pae hoʻohālikelike e like me kēia: nā ʻano kumumea kumuwaiwai e pono ai no ke kanaka i nā hua a me nā paipu, ke ola ola, ka hiki ke hoʻohana iki ʻia nā kemika, nā mea momona mineral. ʻO ia, ke ukali nei mākou i ke ala o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mahiʻai meaola, - hōʻike ʻo Alexey Starykh i ke kumu o ka hana.
Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e lūlū, ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻohi
ʻO nā pilikia o ka hoʻoulu hua ʻana, kahi a kaʻu mau hoa kamaʻilio i kamaʻilio ai, ʻaʻole ia he wahi kūloko - aia lākou ma nā wahi āpau. Hiki i ka ʻike a me nā manaʻo o ka ʻepekema Tyumen ke kōkua i nā hoa hana i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana iā lākou.
- Loaʻa iā mākou i kahi ʻoihana aeroponics maikaʻi loa e kū ana i nā koi o kēia wā no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i kaʻuala. Eia nō naʻe, no ka hapanui o nā mea, nā pono hana o ke kula nui a me ke keʻena noiʻi o ka mahiʻai o ka Northern Trans-Urals i hala ʻole a i ʻole luhi ʻia hoʻi. ʻAʻole hiki ke kūʻai aku i kekahi mea ma nā ʻāina ʻē, e like me ka papa ʻaina pneumosorting he 17 tausani euro, ʻaʻohe analogue home, - hana kekahi o lākou iā Alexander Kharalgin. - I ka manawa like, e hoʻāʻo e kūʻai i nā huahana a nā hale hana Lūkini e hana ai, ʻoiai ʻoe e komo i ka papahana kākoʻo mokuʻāina. ʻAʻole hoʻomaka nā ʻenekini mīkini i ka hui ʻana i ka laina hui o nā pono kikoʻī makamae - makaʻu lākou i ke ahi. Mākaukau lākou e hāʻawi, wahi a kahi mea ʻohiʻohi laikini ma ke kumukūʻai o 10 miliona mau rubles i nā mahina ʻeono, akā koi nā lula kūʻai i ke kūʻai wikiwiki ʻana i nā pono maoli. ʻO ke ala i waho i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kahi kauoha mokuʻāina e ke kuhina kūpono me kahi hōʻuluʻulu mua o nā noi mai nā ʻoihana hānau.
Manaʻo ʻo Alexey Starykh i kekahi o nā pilikia nui o ke aʻo ʻana i nā limahana kūpono.
- Me ka ʻole o nā limahana a me ka lako pono loea, ʻaʻole ʻoe e hoʻokō i nā hopena breakthrough. Ma nā wahi āpau i nā kikowaena hānau, holoi ʻia nā loea. Inā ma mua he 7-8 ka poʻe i hana ma ka moʻomeheu hoʻokahi, ʻehā paha manawa ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o lākou. ʻAʻole hoʻokahi kula ma ka ʻāina e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā mea hoʻohuli ʻoihana. Ke waiho nei ia e kaukaʻi i ka hoihoi o nā haumāna e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina ana i ka loea "wae ākea" i ka hoihoi o nā hoa. ʻAʻole wale ʻoe e hoʻolōʻihi iā ia, - ʻōlelo ʻo ia.