ʻO Sergey Banadysev, Kauka o ka ʻEpekema Mahiai, ke poʻo o ka papahana hānau o Doka-Genetic Technologies LLC
ʻO ka mahiʻai ʻana a me ka lohi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hoʻomaka o ke kau ulu e hoʻoholo ai i ka ʻike nui o kaʻuala i ka hoʻohaumia ʻana i nā māla. Hoʻoemi ka nāhelehele i nā hua o kaʻuala, keu hoʻi ke hoʻokūkū ʻia ka māmā, meaʻai a me ka wai e nā kūlana ulu maikaʻi ʻole a me nā maʻi paha. Hoʻoweliweli nui ka mauʻu i ka ʻohi ʻana, ke kāohi ʻana i nā ʻāpana hana o nā pono hana a hoʻopilikia hoʻi i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka lepo. He mau mālama lākou i nā maʻi ʻuala a me nā mea make, a hiki i kahi hōʻino pololei i ka maikaʻi o ka hua. ʻO ke kuleana o nā nāhelehele i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā maʻi ma muli o kā lākou hoʻopili pololei ʻana me nā mea kanu kalo ma ka hihia o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka mīkini a me nā aphids. ʻO ke kau lōʻihi o kaʻuala e ʻae ai i ka hapa nui o nā ʻano nāhelehele e kolone, a hiki i ka hoʻomau ʻana o nā maʻi i nā ʻanoʻano. Hoʻolahalaha nā ʻanoʻano i nā maʻi ʻaʻole wale mai ka mea kanu makuahine i nā keiki, akā i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe kekahi. ʻO nā nāhelehele kahi kumu o ka maʻi he mea nui ia no ka hana ʻana i ka hua uala, ʻo ka hana nui a ia ka hana ʻana i nā mea kanu me ka ʻole o nā pathogens.
Ma waena o nā nāhelehele ākea, nui nā mālama o nā maʻi viral. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā laha he 100 i ka Y-virus a me ka potato spindle tuber viroid. ʻO kēia he kikonia, henbane ʻeleʻele, blueflower, veronica (ʻanoʻano), bindweed kahua, galinsoga pua liʻiliʻi, manu kuahiwi, kuahiwi scaly, buckwheat bindweed, clover ʻono, sandwheat keʻokeʻo, barberry, starweed maʻamau, jaundice lacfiola, flaxwort maʻamau , keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, makuahine a me ka makuahine makuahine, euphorbia sungazer, mint mint, lūlū i ka puakala, dandelion lāʻau, blackhade ʻeleʻele, ʻeke a ke kahu hipa, pickle maʻamau, ʻumi mauʻu moe, plantain nui, wormwood, graves, wildish radish, resin maʻamau, horsetail kahua , scabbard marsh, kahua violeta, sorrel lio, hulu ʻōmaʻomaʻo, scabbard upturned, paʻipaʻi poni. ʻO ka makaʻu nui loa ʻo nā mea hōʻiliʻili o nā virus he mauʻu mauʻu mauʻu - lūlū i nā kākalaioa, nā mea kolo palaoa, nā mea kanu, nā lāʻau awaawa, ʻoiai e mau ana ka maʻi i nā rhizome hoʻoilo a hoʻoili ʻia i nā mea kanu o nā kau aʻe. ʻO Nightshade, henbane, e lūlū i ke kākalaioa, ka ʻeke keʻokeʻo, ka lāʻau, ka mint mint, dandelion, nettle, clover, hops he mea kanu mea kanu no ka nematode kumu, a ua lilo ia i pest nui loa o nā ʻanoʻano a me nā ʻuala ware. ʻO nā ʻano hihiu o ka ʻohana nighthade - e like me ka nighthade ʻeleʻele, ʻawaʻawa, henbane ʻeleʻele - mālama i ka maʻi bacteria i nā māla no ka manawa lōʻihi. ʻO ka uala mauʻu, e hoʻonui nei ʻaʻole wale i nā landfills, akā i nā māla hoʻi no ka hoʻoilo pinepine ʻana o ka hoʻoilo, lilo i kumu kūikawā no nā pathogens. (nā ʻano hana o ka kaohi ʻana i kaʻuala ma ke ʻano he wea i wehewehe ʻia i loko o ka puke pai "Potato System" Helu 3, 2019).
ʻO ka kāohi mauʻu kemika kahi mea nui o ka ʻenehana e ulu nei i kaʻuala. ʻAoʻao honua Hoʻohana ʻokoʻa nā mea kanu lāʻau ma nā ʻuala a komo pū me nā mea hana no ka luku ʻana i nā nāhelehele ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, ma mua o ka germination a i ka wā ulu o kaʻuala. Ma mua o ka ulu ʻana o kaʻuala ma nā ʻāina like ʻole, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hana (d.v.-va): glyphosate, diquat, paraquat, ammonium glufosinate, dimethamide, fomesafen, methobromuron, linuron, prometrin, metribuzin, eptam, S-metolachlor, sulfentrazone, clomazone , propisochlor, prosulfocarb, pendimethalin, flurochloridone, flufenacet. I ka wā ulu, kahi kī piha o kaʻuala-like d.v. komo pū me bentazone, MCPA, metribuzin, rimsulfuron, chizalofopethyl, fluazifop - P-butyl, cedodim, propachizafop. ʻOkoʻa ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hui like ʻole ma muli o nā ʻano ʻokoʻa o ke kūpono no nā ʻenehana hoʻoulu kūloko, ka lepo a me nā ʻano pae a me nā lau nahele. No laila, ʻo nā herbicides e pili ana i ka eptam, treflan, C-metolachlor, kahi e koi ai i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka lepo, hoʻohana wale ʻia i ka ʻuala e ulu ana ma USA a me Kanada. ʻO nā lāʻau herbicides mau me nā glyphosate, diquat, paraquat, piraflufen, amonium glufosinate e kū pono wale ana i nā nāhelehele vegetative, ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻopili i nā mea kanu i ʻike ʻia ma hope. ʻAʻole loaʻa i nā nāhelehele a pau nā manawa e ulu ai ma mua o nā wana ʻuala. A ʻaʻole pono kēia mau hoʻomākaukau e kau ma kaʻuala i kēlā me kēia hihia. No laila, ʻo nā lula no kā lākou hoʻohana me nā huaʻōlelo i lalo - "A hiki i ke ʻano o nā māwae i ka lepo a i ʻole ka puncture o ka lepo." - kiʻi 1,2. I kēia hihia, ke manaʻo nei mākou i nā māwae i hana ʻia e nā uala e kupu ana. Ma o kēia mau māwae, hiki i nā lāʻau make ke hoʻomau i ka uala.
Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia mea hana o nā herbicides koho ponoʻī kāna ʻano o ka hana ma ka nāhelehele. Aia nā nāhelehele e kūʻē i nā lāʻau make a pau - ka dope maʻamau, ka horsetail kahua, ka geranium i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia (Papa 1-3). ʻAʻohe mea ʻē aʻe e wae no kaʻuala, akā hiki ke luku i nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe a pau. Hoʻolālā ʻia nā molecules chizalafopethyl, fluazifop-P-butyl, propachisaphop, cletodim e kāohi wale i nā ʻano nāhele cereal weed. ʻO Methobromuron, metribuzin, linuron, prometrine, rimsulfuron ka laulā ākea o ka hana. ʻO ka pale moe, ka pō pōʻeleʻele e pale aku ai i ka metribuzin, ka bluegrass makahiki, ka umbilical field, ka pā hipa poni, ke kākalaioa, i ka rimsulfuron - ka momona keʻokeʻo, nā kuahiwi, ka bindweed, ka moʻokūʻauhau o Sofia, dope maʻamau, nighthade ʻeleʻele, puaʻa. No kēia kumu, huikau, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea kanu lāʻau ʻelua-ʻāpana, nā hui wai pahu a me nā mālama ʻana i nā wā ulu like ʻole.
Pakuhi 1. Spectrum o ka hana o nā mea hana o nā lāʻau make (Rebarz K., 2019)
ʻEleu hana | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weed | Bentazone | Hizalafoptil | ʻO Clomazone | Cycloside | Fluazitop-P-butyl | Flufenacet | Flurochloridone | ʻO Cletodim | ICPA | ʻO Methobromuron | ʻO Metribuzin | Pendimethalin | Kauwahi | ʻO Propisochlor | ʻO Prosulfocarb | ʻO Rimsulfuron | Tepraloxydim |
Datura maʻamau | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Ua haʻalele ʻo Geranium | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Mea lau nahele maʻamau | - | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | - | + | ++ | - | + | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | - | ++ | ++ |
ʻO Dymyanka ka lāʻau | ++ | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | ++ | ++ | ++ | - | - | - | - | ++ | - |
Pākuʻi viole | + | - | - | - | - | ++ | + | - | - | ++ | ++ | + | - | + | + | + | - |
Starfish waena | ++ | - | ++ | - | - | + | ++ | - | - | ++ | - | ++ | - | + | ++ | ++ | - |
ʻO ke keiki hipa he keiki hipa ʻapo. | ++ | - | ++ | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | - | ++ | ++ | - | - | - | ++ | - |
Keʻokeʻo ʻo Mary | + | - | + | - | - | - | ++ | - | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | - | + | ++ | + | - |
Puʻupuʻu kekee | ++ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Pōwāhi kahua | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - |
ʻO nā mea lele | - | ++ | - | ++ | ++ | - | - | ++ | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | ++ | ++ |
Pikulnik maʻamau | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | ++ | - | - | - | - | - | + | - |
Veronica | + | - | + | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | ++ | - | + | - | - | ++ | - | - |
Pākuʻi liʻiliʻi ʻo Kanada | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Pāpale | ++ | - | ++ | - | - | ++ | + | - | - | + | - | ++ | - | - | ++ | ++ | - |
Nightshade ʻeleʻele | - | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | + | - |
Hoʻolahalaha highlander | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | - | - | + | + | - |
Highlander pochechuyny | ++ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | + | - |
ʻO Bindweed highlander | ++ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | + | - | - | - | + | + | - |
ʻO Mayweed | ++ | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | - | - | + | - | ++ | - | ++ | - |
Ke kanu ponoʻī ʻana i ka rapeseed | - | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | + | ++ | ++ | - | - | - | + | ++ | - |
Horsetail | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Kiola ʻia i hope | - | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | ++ | ++ | ++ | - | ++ | - | ++ | - |
Pūpū kahu hipa | ++ | - | ++ | - | - | - | ++ | - | ++ | ++ | ++ | - | - | ++ | - | ++ | - |
Kahua kahua | ++ | - | ++ | - | - | - | ++ | - | ++ | ++ | ++ | - | - | ++ | - | ++ | - |
ʻO ka uliuli makahiki | - | ++ | + | - | - | - | ++ | ++ | - | ++ | + | ++ | - | ++ | + | - | ++ |
ʻUmeke ʻōmaʻomaʻo | - | ++ | - | ++ | ++ | - | + | ++ | - | - | - | ++ | ++ | ++ | - | ++ | ++ |
Nā pua liʻiliʻi ʻo Galinsoga | ++ | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | ++ | ++ | - | - | ++ | - | + | - |
Legend: ++ - maʻalahi ka mauʻu; + - maʻalahi ka mauʻu; - - Kū ka nāhelehele.
Pakuhi 2. Ka pono o nā mea kanu lāʻau make nui, Kelemania 2020
Pakuhi 3. Spectrum o ka hana o nā lāʻau make (Phelan S., Skotlandia, 2017)
ʻO nāʻano wea | ʻO Zenkor dovskh | Zenkor poslevskh. | ʻO Stomp | Linuron dovskh. | Defy dovskh | Lingo dovsx. | ʻO Stallion dovskh. | ʻO Dikvat dovskh. | ʻO Dost ipukukui. | ʻO Tito ma hope. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ʻO ka uliuli makahiki | S | S | S | MR | S | MS | S | MS | ||
Nettle makahiki | S | S | MS | S | S | |||||
ʻO Bindweed highlander | R | MS | S | S | ||||||
Nightshade ʻeleʻele | R | MS | R | S | S | S | S | MS | ||
ʻO Bindweed highlander | MS | S | MS | S | S | S | MS | |||
Mauʻu ʻeleʻele? | S | MS | S | MR | MR | S | ||||
Lihi ʻāhiu | S | S | S | S | MR | S | S | S | ||
Starfish waena | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | |
Pāpale | R | R | MS | MR | S | S | MS | S | S | S |
ʻO Mayweed | MS | S | S | S | ||||||
Mahina ʻai | R | S | ||||||||
Ua haʻalele ʻo Geranium | MS | S | MS | |||||||
ʻO nā mea lele | R | S | ||||||||
Hipa ʻai ʻaʻā | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | |
Keʻokeʻo ʻo Mary | S | S | S | S | MS | S | S | S | MR | |
Kahua kahua | S | S | S | S | S | MS | ||||
ʻO Dymyanka ka lāʻau | S | S | MS | R | MR | S | MS | S | ||
Kāwika | S | S | S | S | MS | S | S | MS | ||
Pikulnik maʻamau | S | S | S | S | MR | S | S | S | ||
ʻO Buckwheat | MS | MS | S | MR | MS | S | S | S | MS | |
ʻO Mayweed | S | S | S | S | MR | MS | S | MS | S | |
Pua nani keʻokeʻo | S | |||||||||
Hoʻopau ka lūlū ʻana iho | S | S | S | R | S | MR | MS | S | S | |
E hohola ana i ka quinoa | S | S | S | S | MS | MS | S | S | MS | |
Hoʻolahalaha highlander | S | S | S | S | MS | MS | S | S | MS | |
Pākuʻi viole | S | MS | S | S | MS | MR | S | S | MS | |
Pīpī maʻamau | S | S | S | S | MR | S | MS | |||
Kalaiaina Highlander | S | S | S | S | S | MS | MS | S | S | S |
Rye bonfire | MS | R | ||||||||
Perennial ryegrass | S | S | MR | |||||||
Kāpena | R | R | R | MS | ||||||
Puʻupuʻu kekee | S | S | S | |||||||
Pūpū kahu hipa | S | S | MS | S | S | S | S | |||
ʻO Sorrel curly | S | S | ||||||||
E lūlū i ke kākalaioa | MS | MS | MS | S | MS | S | MS | |||
Veronica | S | S | S | S | S | MS | S | S | S | |
ʻAi ʻāhiu | R | MS | MR | S | MS |
S = maʻalahi, MS = ʻano maʻalahi, R = kūpaʻa, MR = kūpaʻa kūwaena
No laila, i ka USA no 2020 ua noi ʻia e hoʻohana i nā kāwili tank no ka mālama mua ʻana e pili ana i ka pendimethalin, eptam, C-metolachlor, metribuzin, rimsulfuron a me zetoxydim. Ma Kanada, hoʻohui pū ʻia me nā metribuzin me ka linuron, glufosinate, sulfentrazone (Papa 4).
Pakuhi 4. ʻĀpana o nā herbicides ʻuala ma Kanada no 2020
Papa Kuhikuhi palapala noi HERBICIDE | ʻErpana Buffer | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No ka ʻike hou aku, e ʻoluʻolu e nānā i nā Herbicide Notes, Herbicide Selection Table a me nā lepili huahana. | Hoʻoponoponoʻia | 'Oiʻino | Wā komo komo palena ʻia | Wā Mua o ka ʻohiʻohi ʻana | Group | |||||
Hawaiian Name | Product | Huahana / ha | Kahaleleu | Kahakuloa | Wai <1m | |||||
MA mua o ke kanu ʻana | ||||||||||
EPTC | ʻEptam | 4.25-8.5 L / ha | None | EC | VLH | 24 | 45 | 8 | 4 | 1 |
ʻO Glyphosate 1 | Nā ʻano like ʻole: Round-up etc. | 2.5-7 L / ha | pono | SN | VLH | 12 | - | 9 | 15 | 15 |
s-metolachlor | Pālua II Magnum | 1.25-1.75 L / ha | None | EC | VLH | 12 | - | 15 | - | 29 |
PRE EMERGENS | ||||||||||
dimethenamid-p | ʻO Frontier Max, Outlook | 0.756-0.963 L / ha | None | EC | LH | 24 | 40 | 15 | 3 | 1 |
fomeafen | Hōʻike | 1 L / ha | pono | SN | LH | 12 | 70 | 14 | 15 | 15 |
glufosinate | Ignite | 2.7-5 L / ha | None | SN | VLH | 12 | - | 10 | 1 | 1 |
ʻO Glyphosate 1 | Nā ʻano like ʻole: Round-up etc. | 2.5 L / ha | pono | SN | VLH | 12 | - | 9 | 15 | 15 |
linuron | ʻO Lorox L | 2.25-4.5 L / ha | None | SU | VLH | 24 | - | 7 | - | - |
linuron + s-metolachlor | Lorox Ldual II Magnum | 1.9-2.3 L / ha1.25-1.75 L / ha | None | SU EC | VLH | 24 | - | 7 15 | - | 29 |
metribuzin | ʻO Sencor, Tricor, Squadron Sencor 500 FL, Metrix | 0.55 - 1.5 kg / ha a i ʻole 0.85 - 2.25 L / ha | None | D.F.SU | VLH | 12 | 60 | 5 | 10 | 5 |
metribuzin + glufosinate | Sencor 500FL Metrix Ignite | 1.1 L / ha 2.7-5 L / ha | None | SU SN | VLH | 12 | 60 | 5 10 | 10 | 5 |
metribuzin+ linuron | Sencor, Tricor, Pākuʻi ʻO Lorox L | 0.55 - 1.1 kg / ha 1.6-3.75 L / ha | None | DF SU | VLH | 24 | 60 | 5 7 | 10 | 5 |
metribuzin+ s-metolachlor | Sencor, Tricor, Pākuʻi Pālua II Magnum | 0.55 - 1.5 kg / ha 1.25-1.75 L / ha | None | DF EC | VLH | 12 | 60 | 5 15 | 10 | 29 |
metribuzin+ s-metolachlor | Kahiki ʻia: Tricor + UPI S-MET | 0.55 kg / ha 1.3 L / ha | None | DF | VLH | 12 | 60 | 5 15 | 10 | 29 |
metribuzin / s-metolachlor | LQD palena | 1.85-2.5 L / ha | None | EC | VLH | 12 | 60 | 5 15 | 10 | 29 |
metribuzin + sulfentrazone | ʻO Sencor STZ | 0.6 - 0.8 kg / ha 0.16-0.22 L / ha | None | DF FL | VLH | 12 | 60 | 5 14 | 10 | 5 |
Ma hope koke iho o ke kau ʻana (E nānā i nā paukū memo) | ||||||||||
metribuzin | Sencor, Tricor, Pākuʻi Sencor 500FL Metrix | 0.55 - 1.5 kg / ha 0.85 - 2.25 L / ha | None | DF SU | VLH | 12 | 60 | 5 | 10 | 5 |
metribuzin+ rimsulfuron | ʻO Titus Pro: Tricor + Prism | 0.28 - 0.375 kg / ha 60 g / ha + 0.2% v / v | ʻAʻole ionic | DF SG | LH | 12 | 60 | 5 2 | 10 | 5 |
ʻO POST EMERGENCE | ||||||||||
clethodim | Koho / Pana | 0.19-0.38 L / ha + 0.5-1.0% v / v | Amigo a i ʻole X- Kānāwai | EC | VLH | 12 | 60 | 1 | 15 | - |
fluazifop-p-butyl | Hoʻokūkū L | 1.0 - 2.0 L / ha | None | EC | VLH | - | 45 | 1 | 15 | 15 |
rimsulfuron | ʻO Prism, Rimsulfuron | 60 g / ha + 0.2% v / v | ʻAʻole ionic | SG | LH | 12 | 30 | 2 | 5 | 1 |
sethoxydim | Poast Ultra | 0.32-1.1 L / ha + 1-2 L / ha heʻe nalu | Hoʻohui a kōkua paha | EC | VLH | 12 | 80 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
Hoʻomohala: DF - Flowable maloʻo; EC - Emulsifiable Concentrate; SN - Pāʻoihana; SU - Wehe ʻia; SG - Granule Wailana Ka weliweli: LH - Kahakaha Haahaa; VLH - Kahaha Haahaa Loa Nānā: 1) Hōʻike ʻia nā kumukūʻai no 356 g hana / L formulated. E nānā i kahi lepili huahana kikoʻī e hōʻoia i nā helu noi pololei. E noi ma hope o ka puka ʻana o ka mauʻu, akā ma mua o ka puka ʻana o kaʻuala, ʻaʻohe hana i koe. |
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ʻO ka laulā o nā herbicides i nā ʻāina ʻEulopa i ka wā e emi iho nei, a ikaika loa ka mana o nā ecologist i ka EU. I kēia mau lā, ua kapu nā mea linuron, diquat, a aia kahi kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka pāpā ʻana i ka metribuzine. No laila, aia wale kekahi mau mole moleka i loko o nā kānāwai hoʻomalu uala o Kelemania a me nā ʻāina ʻuala ʻē aʻe no 2020 (Papa 5). I ke kumu o ka hoʻohaumia kiʻekiʻe o nā kula, makemake ʻia e hoʻohana i nā hui o bandura + zenkor, novotron + zenkor, proman + novotron, mea pena kiʻi + centium 36 i ka wā kū mua (Papa 2,5).
Papa 5. Ka laulā o nā lāʻau make i Kelemania no 2020.
Mauʻu | ʻO ke lāʻau lāʻau | GHS | Palapala noi noi | WZ | Norma | ʻO nā wehewehe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ʻO ka mauʻu nāhelehele dicotyledonous, bluegrass makahiki | Kāpena (prosulfocarb) | 07 08 09 | NW - (- / - / *) m NT145,146,170 | F | 4,5 - 5,0 l | Kūʻē i nā nāhelehele monocotyledonous a me dicotyledonous. Ma mua o ka ʻōpuʻu ʻana, ma mua koke o ka kupu ʻana o kaʻuala. E hoʻohana i ka hui ʻana me Sencor Liquid 0,3 - 0,5 l / ha e kūʻē aku i ka chamomile, ka mauna, ka mariu keʻokeʻo Hoʻohana ʻia i nā mahana wela a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i nā mea kanu maʻalahi (e laʻa me nā mea kanu, nā mea kanu, nā beets, ...) pono e hōʻalo ʻia. |
ʻO Boxer Sencor Liquid Pack (prosulfocarb + metribuzin) | 07 08 09 | NW - (- / - / *) m NW706 NT103,145,146,170 | 42 | 3,0 - 5,0 l + 0,3 - 0,5 l | Kūʻē i nā nāhelehele monocotyledonous a me dicotyledonous. Ma mua o ka ʻōpuʻu ʻana, ma mua koke o ka kupu ʻana o kaʻuala. E hoʻohana i ka hui ʻana me Sencor Liquid 0,3 - 0,5 l / ha e kūʻē aku i ka chamomile, ka mauna, ka mariu keʻokeʻo Hoʻohana ʻia i nā mahana wela a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i nā mea kanu maʻalahi (e laʻa me nā mea kanu, nā mea kanu, nā beets, ...) pono e hōʻalo ʻia. | |
ʻO ka mauʻu nāhelehele dicotyledonous, bluegrass makahiki | ʻO Liquid Sencor (metribuzin) | 09 | NW 5 (5 / * / *) m NW706, NT103 | 42 | 0,9 l | Kūʻē i ka ʻai cereal makahiki a me nā nāhelehele dicotyledonous. Ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka pali, ma mua koke o ka puka ʻana. |
Mistral (metribuzin) | 09 | NW 5 (5 / * / *) m NW706, NT103 | F | 0,75 kg | ||
Wai Sencor (metribuzin) | 09 | NW 5 (* / * / *) m NW701, NT102 | 42 | 0,4 - 0,6 l | Kūʻē i ka nāhelehele. ʻOi aku ma nā lepo humus me nā mauʻu a hiki i 5 cm, kaʻuala a 10 cm. ʻAʻole kūʻē i ka moena moe. ʻIke ʻano like, e ʻoluʻolu. | |
Mistral (metribuzin) | 09 | NW 5 (* / * / *) m NW701, NT102 | 42 | 0,3 - 0,5 kg | ||
Metric (metribuzin + clomazone) | 09 | NW 5 (5 / * / *) m NW701, NT109,127,149 | F | 1,5 l | ʻO ka kū mua ʻana, e kūʻē i nā nāhelehele cereal a me dicotyledonous. Hoʻohui ʻia me Bandur a i ʻole Proman no kahi pae palekana a me ka laulā. ʻAʻohe palapala noi i ka hana hua ʻana. | |
ʻO ka mauʻu nāhelehele dicotyledonous, bluegrass makahiki, crabgrass | ʻO Novitron DamTec (alconifene + clomazone) | 07 08 09 | NW - (20/15/5) m NW701, NT108,127,149 | F | 2,4 kg | Ma mua, ma mua o ka germination, ma nā kualono i hana ʻia |
ʻO ka mauʻu nāhelehele dicotyledonous, bluegrass makahiki, crabgrass | Arcade (prosulfocarb + Metribuzin) | 09 | NW - (- / - / 5) m NW706, NT112,145,146,170, NG405 | F | 4,0 - 5,0 l | Ke kū mua, ma mua o ke kuʻi ʻana a ma hope i ka pae BBCH 15. Hoʻohana i nā mahana wela a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i nā mea kanu maʻalahi (e laʻa me nā mea kanu, nā mea kanu, nā beets, ...) pono e hōʻalo ʻia |
Artista (flufenacet + metribuzin) | 07 08 09 | NW 5 (* / * / *) m NW706, NT103 | F | 2,0 kg | Ma mua, ma mua o ka puncture. Ma nā lepo māmā a hiki i 2,0 kg / ha, ma ka lepo me nā lepo kaumaha a hiki i 2,5 kg / ha. Hoʻohana ʻole ma nā lepo humus pono ʻole. E nānā i nā laulā hoʻokaulike. | |
NW 5 (5 / * / *) m NW706, NT103 | F | 2,5 kg | ||||
ʻO ka mauʻu nāhelehele dicotyledonous, bluegrass makahiki, crabgrass | ʻO Cato (rimsulfuron) | 05 07 09 | NW 5 (5 / * / *) m NW705, NT108 | F | 50 g + 0,3 l FHS | Ke lōʻihi ka ulu o kaʻuala 5-20 cm, e pale i ka uhi ʻana i nā nāhelehele me nā lau ʻuala. ʻAʻole ma kaʻuala a i ʻole nā ʻano mua a i ʻole nā ʻano mua. |
Rimuron 25 WG (rimsulfuron) | 05 07 09 | NW 5 (5 / * / *) m NW705, NT108 | F | 50 g + 0,2 l FHS | ||
Proman (methobromuron) | 08 09 | NW 5 (* / * / *) m NG404, NT102 | F | 2,0 - 3,0 l | Mua-puka. Kūʻē i ka moena moe, hoʻohui ʻia ʻo 2,0 l / ha Proman + e laʻa me Metric 1,0 l / ha a i ʻole Boxer 3,0 l / ha. | |
ʻO Cereal, ke kāpae ʻia i ka bluegrass makahiki | Agil-S (propaquasifop) | 07 09 | F | 0,5 - 1,0 l | Ma hope o ke kupu ʻana o ka nāhelehele, ma ke kahua 2-4- hoʻoponopono ʻia ka helu o ka hoʻohana ʻana me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ke ʻano o nā cereals. ʻO nā helu kiʻekiʻe e kūʻē i nā mauʻu mauʻu, nā ʻohe a me nā sedges. | |
Paka Aktiv Paka = Nānā Ultra + Dash (cycloxydime) | 05 07 08 09 | NT101 | 56 | 1,0 - 1,5 l + 1,0 -1,5 l |
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ʻO Fusilade MAX (fluazifop-P-ethyl) | 07 08 09 | NT101 | 90 | 1,0 l | ||
ʻO Targa Super (quasilofopethyl) | 05 07 08 09 | NT101 | 49 | 0,75 - 1,25 l | ||
ʻO ka palaʻai a me ka ʻai palaoa | Koho iā 240 EC + Radiamix (cellodim) | 07 08 09 | NT108 | 60 | 0,75 + 1,0 l | Ma hope o germination mai BBCH 12 a i ka pani ʻana o nā spacings lālani i BBCH 29. Kūʻē i ka bluegrass makahiki i ka pae hoʻopaʻa inoa. |
Me ke alo o ke kolo palaoa | ʻO Cato | 05 07 09 | NW 5 (* / * / *) m NT103 | F | 30 g. + 0,18 H 20 g. + 0,12 H | Kū'ē i nā nāhelehele cereal a me dicotyledonous. ʻO ke kaʻina pīpī i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 5-20 cm me kahi wā o 8-10 mau lā. ʻAʻole i ka hana ʻana i nā hua a me nā ʻano mua a i ʻole nā lā mua |
Rimurona 25 WG | 05 07 09 | NW 5 (* / * / *) m NT103 | F | 30 g. + 0,2 H 20 g. + 0,2 H |
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Paka Aktiv Paka = Nānā Ultra + Dash | 05 07 08 09 | NT101 | 56 | 2,5 + 2,5 l | Ma hope o ka puka ʻana o kaʻuala e kūʻē i ka palaoa 15-20 knm i ke kiʻekiʻe. Makemake ka mahana mahana i ka hopena. Hoʻopili pū ka Select 240 EC i nā ʻike bulumi. | |
ʻO Fusilade MAX | 07 08 09 | NT103 | 90 | 2,0 l | ||
Koho iā 240 EC + Radiamix | 07 08 09 | NT109 | 60 | 1,0 + 1,0 l | ||
ʻO Targa Super | 05 07 08 09 | NT102 | 49 | 2,0 l | ||
*) - Nānā i nā lula kikoʻī no ka mamao mai nā kino wai! GHS - papa hoʻoweliweli; ʻO WZ ka wā kali.
ʻAe ʻae ʻia nā mea kanu uala Lūkini e hoʻohana i nā lāʻau make ma muli o ka glyphosate, diquat, MCPA, metribuzin, prometrin, prosulfocarb, flurochloridone a me ka hui pū ʻana o flufenacet + metribuzin i ka wā o ka wā mua. Ma hope o ka germination, ʻae ʻia nā mea aʻe: cethodim, rimsulfuron, propaquasifop, cycloxydim, fluazifop-P-butyl, chizalofopethyl a me kahi hoʻomākaukau i hoʻohui ʻia e pili ana i ka cletodim a me ka haloxyfop-R - methyl. Hoʻohana ʻia nā mole he nui i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia (clomazone, bentazone, eptam, C-metolachlor, pendimethalin, etc. ʻAno ʻole nā ʻokoʻa ma ka Lūkini hui ʻana o nā lāʻau herbicides ʻuala e pili ana i ka laulaha anti-cereal; i ka poloka nui o nā nāhelehele laulā, hōʻike ʻia lākou i ka loaʻa ʻole o nā hoʻomākaukau hoʻohui i kēia manawa, kahi helu o nā mea hana pono a me ke ʻano o ka noi. Inā ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano hoʻomākaukau like, no ka laʻana, ma ʻEnelani mea kanu lāʻau No. 1 ma kaʻuala no ka manawa lōʻihi i kēia manawa pāpā ʻia ka pāpā (Fig 1), a laila i ko mākou ʻāina metribuzin a me nā rimsulfuronic herbicides e alakaʻi nei i kahi palena nui.
Kiʻi 1. Nā wahi o ka mālama ʻana i ka lāʻau make uala ma ʻEnelani, 2015.
Hiki i ka Metribuzin ke hana i nā hopena phytotoxic i nā ʻano he nui. ʻO ka hopena o nā mea kanu ʻuala i kēia mea hana e pili ana i nā kumu he nui: nā ʻano genetical o ka ʻano, ka lōʻihi o ka mālama ʻana, ka nui o ka ua a me ka ea wela ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻana, ka ʻike o nā meaola i ka lepo. ʻO ka pinepine, hana ʻia kahi hopena phytotoxic ke hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻomākaukau e pili ana i kēia mea hana ma hope o ka germination o nā mea kanu kalo. I nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole, hiki ke hanana ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka lāʻau make i ka wā o ka puka mua (kiʻi 3,4).
He mea nui ka hopena o ka phytotoxic i ka hana ʻana i nā hua, no ka mea he mea paʻakikī a ʻaʻole hiki ʻole ke hana kūpono i nā koho maikaʻi ʻole ma muli o nā ʻano like me ka hōʻike o nā maʻi viral. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i kekahi manawa hoʻomākaukau e pili ana i ka metribuzin kōkua i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻike o ka varietal admixture i kahi AI i hāʻawi ʻia. (kiʻi 3). I ka hana kalepa ʻana, hiki i ka hōʻino ʻia mai metribuzin ke kumu o ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka hua a me ka emi ʻana o ka nui o nā kūmole, ka mea i ʻike nui ʻia i nā ʻano me kahi wā ulu pōkole, a he manawa liʻiliʻi hoʻi no ka loaʻa hou ʻana o ka chlorophyll Nā hana he nui e pili ana i ka pane o ka phytotoxic o nā mea kanu i nā lāʻau herbicides e hoʻokūpaʻa i ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka hua me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka pohō. Hāpai ia mai kekahi mau noiʻi ʻana ʻaʻole nā hōʻailona liʻiliʻi o ka phytotoxicity e hōʻemi i ka hua, akā, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻike ʻia ka hoʻonui ʻia ma o ka hopena kiʻekiʻe o ka kaohi ʻana i nā nāhelehele. No laila, ʻo ka ʻike pololei i ka phytotoxicity o metribuzin no nā ʻano ʻuala kikoʻī e ʻae i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā lula palekana no ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi lāʻau make.
Aia kekahi mau ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a ka European Society for Weed Research (EWRC) no ke kau ʻana i nā huaʻōtotoxicity (Papa 6). I ka manawa like, paʻakikī e loaʻa ka ʻike pololei ma nā ʻano. Inā kūʻokoʻa ʻoe e hōʻoia i kēlā me kēia ʻano hou no ka phytotoxicity, a laila e hala ka manawa o ka hoʻolauna ʻana o ka lāʻau make. No laila, pono ʻoe e alakaʻi ʻia e nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a nā ʻoihana hānau. Kēia ʻano o ka ʻokoʻa he mea pono ʻole ia, a i ka hapanui o nā hihia e pono nā ʻōpena ulu e kuhikuhi iā ia.
Papa 6. Pālākiō ʻo EWRы o ka ʻike i nā mea kanu i nā lāʻau make
Keāla | ʻAno hōʻino | ʻO ke ʻano o ka naʻau, nā helu unahi | Ke ʻano o ka hōʻino ʻana i ka ʻāpana lewa o nā mea kanu |
---|---|---|---|
1. | ʻAʻohe pōʻino | ʻIke ʻole | ʻAʻohe pōʻino |
2. | Nā ʻōuli māmā loa | Kaʻike haʻahaʻa (1,1 -2,0) | Hoʻonani iki i nā kihi lau a i ʻole nā uaua o ka lau |
3. | Nā ʻōuli akahai | Kaʻike waena (2,1 -4,0) | ʻO ka hoʻomālamalama ikaika ʻana i nā kaʻe lau a i ʻole nā uaua o ka lau |
4. | Nā ʻōuli koʻikoʻi - ʻaʻole ʻohi mau | ʻO ka uila a me nā nezrosis māmā o nā lau lau - a i 2% | |
5. | Poino o ka puʻu | Hoʻonui i ka ʻike (4,1 - 6,0) | ʻO ka uila a me nā nekrosis o nā lau lau - a i 10% |
Poino nui - nekrosis | ʻO ka uila a me nā nekrosis o nā lau lau - a i 25% | ||
6. | Poino nui - nekrosis | ʻIke kiʻekiʻe (> 6,1) | ʻO ka uila a me nā nekrosis o nā lau lau - a i 50% |
7. | Poino nui loa | ʻO ka uila a me nā nekrosis o nā lau lau - a i 75% | |
8. | Ka luku piha ʻana i nā mea kanu | Hoʻopau loa i ka ʻāpana o nā mea kanu i luna |
I ke ʻano o nā ʻano uala o ke koho HZPC Hāʻawi ʻo Sadokas i nā loiloi aʻe o ka noʻonoʻo i ka metribuzin: noʻonoʻo ʻole, maʻalahi iki, noʻonoʻo ʻole, maʻalahi iki, maʻalahi kūpono, maʻalahi maʻalahi, maʻalahi. A i ʻole hōʻike ʻia e koi ʻia e noi i ka metribuzin ma mua o ka germination. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī e kūkulu i ke kaʻina o ka gradation me ia terminology. Hana ʻo Solana i nā ʻōlelo kikoʻī. ʻIke ʻole - Arosa, Rosara, Felox, Zekura, Red Lady, Rodriga, Queen Anna, Miranda, Opal, Figaro, Verdi. Sensitive, hoʻopili i 250 g / ha o mertibuzin ma nā mea kanu - Natasha, Labella, Leoni, Lapperla, Caruso, Lyudmila. Mai hoʻopili i ka metribuzin-Vitesse ma nā mea kanu. Hoʻohana ʻo Agrico i ka helu ʻana. Kū ʻole i ka metribuzin (3 mau helu mai ka 9); ke kiʻekiʻena kiʻekiʻe, nāwaliwali nāwaliwali (5-6 mau helu) - hoʻohana ma hope o ka germination e alakaʻi i ka discoloration o nā kiʻekiʻe a me ka hōʻemi o ka hua; ka noʻonoʻo waena (6-7 mau kiko mai ka 9) - hoʻohana ma hope o ka puka ʻana i hiki ke alakaʻi i ka discoloration o nā kiʻekiʻe, akā me ka hōʻemi ʻole i ka hua. haʻahaʻa ʻike (8 mai nā helu 9) - ʻaʻohe hopena maikaʻi ʻole. No laila, kūkulu ʻia ka pālākiō Agrico i ke kaʻina huli hope, aniani e pili ana i ka pālākiō EWRы. Ma ka pālākiō o ka naueue, he helu o 9 ka manaʻo haʻahaʻa loa i ka metribuzin, a ma ka pālākiō EWRC, ke kiʻekiʻe loa.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻo Europlant i ʻekolu mau ʻano o nā ʻano e pili ana i ka metribuzin - maʻalahi ʻole, maʻalahi iki, a me ka mahele lāʻau o ka mea ma hope o ka germination pono e hoʻoponopono i mea e hōʻino ai. ʻAʻole hāʻawi ʻo Norika i ka ʻike, ʻoiai ʻike ʻia mai ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa he maʻalahi loa kekahi mau ʻano (Molly, Vega). Wahi a nā ʻano Stet, ua hōʻike ʻia - kūpaʻa ikaika, kūpaʻa kūwaena, kūpaʻa awina, maʻalahi, maʻalahi loa. ʻO nā ʻano ʻuala i koho ʻia ʻo Doka - Gennye Tekhnologii LLC - Carmen, Prime, Indigo, Kalinka, Flamingo ʻaʻole maʻalahi i ka metribuzin i ka hoʻomaka o ke kau ulu. I loko o nā puke, hiki i kekahi ke loaʻa i ka ʻikepili fragmentary e pili ana i ke kūpaʻa ʻana o nā ʻano Belarusian, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka ʻike kūhelu e pili ana i nā ʻano Lūkini. Ma lalo iho nei kahi ʻano kūʻokoʻa o nā ʻano haole e hoʻolaha ākea ana i ka ʻāina (Papa 7). Hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe loea Kelemania i ke kūʻē liʻiliʻi i ka metribuzine i nā ʻano Vineta, Red Fantasy, Vega, Madeira, Verdi, Europrima, BP 808, Lady Claire (Scheid L. et al., 2020).
Papa 7. ʻIke o ka mahi ʻana o kaʻuala i metribuzin, noi postemergence o 350 g. V-va / ha metribuzin, (Urbanowicz, 2019)
Keāla | loiloi ' | Ka nui |
---|---|---|
1 | ʻIke ʻole | Felzina, Satina, Saturn, Cerata, Labadia, Canberra, Colomba, Haʻaheo |
1,1 -2,0. | ʻIke haʻahaʻa | Nānā, Arsenal, Bellarosa, Verdi, Delicate, Impala, Karatop, Karlena, Lyudmila, Madeline, Manitou, Markis, Melody, Roco, Russet Burbank, Salin, Ramos, Mozart, Challenger |
2,1 - 4,0. | ʻIke awelika | Agria, Arizona, Asterix, Bellaprima, Brooke, Colette, El Mundo, Gala, Jelly, Curas, Lady Claire, Madeira, Mondeo, Pyrol, Queen Anne, Red Fantasy, Red Sonja, Riviera, Sagitta, BP 808, Panthers, Sylvanas, ʻO Red Scarlett, Nevsky, Timo, Sifra, Jarla, Crispforol |
4,1 -6,0. | Hoʻonui i ka ʻike | Pua, Eurostar, Mea Hou, Molly, Rosalind, Sante, Vineta, Rosalind, Fabula |
7,1 -9,0. | ʻIke kiʻekiʻe | ʻO Fresco |
Me ke kiʻina kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻano (helu EWRC ma luna o 5), hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia nā lāʻau make ma muli o ka metribuzin (ma kahi kikoʻī, zenkor) ma hope o ka puka ʻana i loko o ka lāʻau o 0,5 l, kg / ha. Inā ʻole, hiki ke hōʻike ʻia o ka phytotoxicity a me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka hua. Inā ʻoi aku ka ʻike ma mua o nā helu 7, a laila makemake ʻole ʻia ka noi post-emergence. Ma nā ʻāina ʻē, mālama ʻia ka metribuzin maʻemaʻe me ka kāohi loa, ʻaʻole ia e koi ʻia e hoʻohana ia mea ma nā ʻano me ka ihi keʻokeʻo, hoʻomākaukau hoʻomākaukau a me nā hui wai pahu me kahi helu zenko haʻahaʻa i loaʻa kahi maikaʻi. Pono pono e nānā pono i nā ʻano o nā ʻano ʻuala e pili ana i ka metribuzin i ka hana ʻana i nā hua, ʻoiai ke ʻano o ka nerosis ma nā lau e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ke kūlana e pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā maʻi viral a ʻaʻole i ʻae i ka mahi pono ʻana i nā mea kanu maʻi, ka mea e hoʻopili pono i ka maikaʻi o nā ʻano hua.
Kūlike ke kūlana no nā lāʻau herbicides i hoʻokumu ʻia ma rimsulfuron. Hoʻokumu pū ʻo Titus a me nā analogs he nui i ka discoloration o ka lau lau a i ʻole kope kikoʻī o nā ʻōuli o ka mosaic potato (kiʻi 5,6). Ola hou nā mea kanu mai kēia ʻeha ma waena o 7-10 mau lā ma hope o ka mālama ʻana, me ka ʻole o ka hopena o ka hua. Ma lalo o nā kūlana pilikia e like me ke anuanu, ʻūlū a i ʻole wela a me ka mahana, a ma hope o ka noi ʻana ma nā uala kiʻekiʻe, hiki i ka mālama ʻana i ka rimsulfuron ke hana ʻino hou aʻe. I mea e hōʻemi ai i ka hōʻino ʻana i kaʻuala, pono ia e hoʻohana i kēia lāʻau make ma hope o ʻekolu mau lā ma hope o ke anilā.
ʻO kahi kumu varietal nui i ka hōʻike ʻana o ka phytotoxicity e kaupalena i nā hiki o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka metribuzin a me ka rimsulfuron i ka ʻuala e ulu ana i nā hua. Pono ʻoe e nānā i ka hoʻohana mua ʻana o kēia mau mea a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻia o d.v. I Kelemania, koi ʻia e hoʻohana i ka promic herbicides, boxer, bandura a me novitron ma ke ʻano maʻemaʻe a i ʻole nā huikau i nā mea kanu i pili i ka zenkora (Papa 2,5). I ka USA a me Kanada, hāʻawi ʻia ka mea nui i ka hoʻomākaukau hoʻohuihui a i ʻole nā tank tank me kahi haʻahaʻa metribuzine haʻahaʻa (Papa 4). ʻAʻole loaʻa nā koho āpau mai nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻāina ʻē i nā mea kanu uala Lūkia, akā ua lawa pono ka pae mua o nā lāʻau herbicides potato. Eia nō naʻe, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka hopena o ke ʻano o ka uala hua, e like me ka hopena, i ka mea mua, e pili ana i nā lāʻau make mau. ʻO kēia nā hoʻomākaukau e pili ana i ka glyphosate, diquat, amonium glufosinate. Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia ka nui o ka ʻike i loko o ka honua palapala ma glyphosate i loko o ka pōʻaiapili o ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole ma kaʻuala hua. ʻAʻole pono ke komo i nā mea kanu i kaʻuala a me nā mea kanu. ʻO ia wale nō nā māwae i ka lepo a haki mai ka kupu ʻana o kaʻuala (kiʻi 7) i ke komo hāmama, ʻaʻole komo wale ka lāʻau e ka mea kanu, akā lawe ʻia nō hoʻi ma o nā keiki. ʻO nā ʻōuli mua o ka hōʻino ʻia o glyphosate i kaʻuala ma ke kiʻi 8, nā maʻi tuberization a me nā ʻōuli ma nā tubers ma ka kiʻi 9,10. I ka makahiki aʻe, hōʻike ʻia ka hopena o glyphosate i ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka germination a me ka nāwaliwali ʻana o nā mea kanu. (kiʻi 11,12) a ʻike ʻia ka hopena ma hope o ʻekolu mau makahiki.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kahi hōʻino like i nā hua uala e nā lāʻau make ʻole nonspecific - clopyralid, dicamba, sulfonylureas, nā ʻōuli e hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi 13,14. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe mea e hoʻohana kikoʻī iā lākou i kaʻuala. Hiki ke kumu wale ʻia kaʻuala e ka ʻauhe makani mai nā māla ʻē aʻe a me nā koena i ka mea pīpī me ka holoi mālama ʻole a i ʻole ka loaʻa ʻole. Pili kēia i nā lāʻau herbicides mau. (kiʻi 15). Aia kekahi mau ʻike o ka hōʻino ʻana i nā ʻuala hua a me ka chlorprofam i hoʻohana ʻia i nā wahi e mālama ai e kaohi i ka germination o kaʻuala potato (kiʻi 16). Ikaika loa ka mea e hoʻopili ai i ka germination o nā lūlū hua kokoke a i ʻole mālama ʻia i nā keʻena i mālama ʻia me ka chlorprofam i ka wā i hala.
No laila, pono ka kaohi o ka nāhelehele pono i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano nāhelehele maikaʻi. ʻAʻole hoʻoemi ka mauʻu i nā hua, akā hāʻawi pū kekahi i ka hōʻino ʻana o ka maʻi i kaʻuala. ʻO ka ʻāpana o nā mea kanu uala he mau inoa he nui, akā he mau palena ko kēlā me kēia lāʻau i ka noi. I ka hua uala e ulu nei, ʻaʻole pono e ʻae ʻia ka hōʻino ʻana i nā mea kanu e nā lāʻau herbicides, ʻoiai ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole o kēia e hōʻike ʻia i nā hanauna e hiki mai ana.