ʻO ka Phosphorus i loko o ka lepo kahi macronutrient koʻikoʻi e pono ai no ka meaʻai mea kanu. Hoʻopili ʻia ia i nā kaʻina metabolic e like me ka photosynthesis, ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ikehu, synthesis a me ka haki ʻana o nā carbohydrates.
Loaʻa ka Phosphorus i ka lepo ma ke ʻano o nā mea hoʻohui a me nā minela. Eia naʻe, liʻiliʻi loa ka nui o ka phosphorus maʻalahi i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka nui o ka phosphorus i loko o ka lepo. No laila, i nā manawa he nui, pono e hoʻopili ʻia nā fertilizers phosphate e hoʻokō i nā pono o nā mea kanu.
Loaʻa ka Phosphorus i loko o ka lepo ma nā ʻano mea ʻala a me nā ʻano mea ʻole (mineral), a haʻahaʻa kona solubility i ka lepo. Aia kahi kaulike ma waena o ka phosphorus-phase paʻa i ka lepo a me ka phosphorus i ka hoʻonā lepo. Hiki i nā mea kanu ke lawe wale i ka phosphorus i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka hoʻonā lepo, a no ka mea aia ka hapa nui o ka phosphorus lepo ma ke ʻano o nā pūhui kemika paʻa, he liʻiliʻi wale ka phosphorus i loaʻa i nā mea kanu i kēlā me kēia manawa.
Ke wehe ʻia nā aʻa mea kanu i ka phosphorus mai ka hoʻonā lepo, hoʻokuʻu ʻia kekahi o ka phosphorus i hoʻopili ʻia i ka pae paʻa i loko o ka hopena lepo e mālama ai i ke kaulike. Hoʻoholo nui ʻia nā ʻano o nā pūhui phosphorus i loko o ka lepo e ka pH lepo a me ke ʻano a me ka nui o nā minela i loko o ka lepo. ʻO nā pūhui mineral o ka phosphorus maʻamau ka aluminika, hao, manganese a me ka calcium.
I ka lepo acidic, hoʻopili ka phosphorus me ka aluminika, ka hao a me ka manganese, ʻoiai ma ka lepo alkaline ka hoʻoponopono ʻana me ka calcium. ʻO ka pae pH maikaʻi loa no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka phosphorus he 6,0-7,0. I nā ʻāina he nui, hāʻawi ka decomposition o nā mea organik a me nā koena mea kanu i ka phosphorus i loaʻa i ka lepo.
Hoʻopili nā mea kanu i ka phosphorus mai ka hopena lepo ma ke ʻano o ka orthophosphate ion: ʻo HPO4-2 a i ʻole H2PO4-. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka ʻāpana i lawe ʻia kēia mau ʻano ʻelua e ka pH lepo, me ka pH lepo kiʻekiʻe e lawe i ka HPO4-2. He palena loa ka neʻe ʻana o ka phosphorus i ka lepo, no laila hiki i nā aʻa mea kanu ke komo wale i ka phosphorus mai ko lākou wahi kokoke.
No ka mea he haʻahaʻa ka ʻike ʻana o ka phosphorus i loko o ka hoʻonā lepo, hoʻohana nā mea kanu i ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i ka hana kūʻē i ka gradient concentrate (ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka phosphorus ma nā aʻa ma mua o ka hoʻonā lepo). He kaʻina hana ikaika ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka ikehu, no laila nā kūlana e pale ai i ka hana aʻa, e like me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ka nui o ka wai, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e kāohi pū i ka phosphorus uptake.
ʻO nā hōʻailona hemahema o ka Phosphorus e pili ana i ka stunting a me ka waihoʻoluʻu poni ʻeleʻele o nā lau kahiko, kaohi ʻana i ka pua a me ka ulu ʻana o ke aʻa. I ka nui o nā mea kanu, ʻike ʻia kēia mau hōʻailona i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana o ka phosphorus i nā lau ma lalo o 0,2%.
Hoʻopilikia ka nui o ka phosphorus i ka absorption o nā mea ʻē aʻe e like me ka hao, manganese a me ka zinc. He mea maʻamau ka hoʻoulu ʻana me ka phosphorus, a nui nā mea kanu e hoʻohana i ka nui o ka nui o ka phosphorus fertilizer, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻohuihui NPK a i ka wā e hoʻokahe ai i ka wai irrigation me ka waikawa phosphoric.
ʻO 30-50 ppm ka ʻae ʻia o ka phosphorus, ʻoiai ua ʻike ʻia hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia i ka 10-20 ppm. I loko o nā meaʻai meaʻai e kahe mau ana, hiki ke emi i ka 1-2 ppm.
Ma nā wahi lepo ʻole, e like me ka lepo, kūkulu ʻia ka phosphorus me kēlā me kēia hoʻohui o ka phosphorus, a hoʻomaka nā mineral o ka phosphorus a me ka calcium a i ʻole ka magnesium e kahe. ʻO nā ʻano mineral i hana ʻia ma muli o ka pH o ka waena.
ʻAʻole ana ka hoʻāʻo ʻāina i ka nui o ka phosphorus i loko o ka lepo no ka mea ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka phosphorus i loaʻa ma mua o ka nui o ka nui. ʻAʻole ia e ana i ka phosphorus i loko o ka hoʻonā lepo no ka mea he haʻahaʻa loa ka nui o ka phosphorus i loko o ka hoʻonā lepo a ʻaʻole ia e hōʻike pono i ka nui o ka phosphorus i hiki i nā mea kanu ke lawe i ka wā ulu.
ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka lepo no ka phosphorus he metric maoli ia e kōkua i ka wānana i ka pono o ka mea kanu no ka mea kanu. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo fertilizer ma nā hoʻāʻo ʻana o ke kula ma nā ʻāina a me nā mea kanu. Loaʻa nā ʻano hoʻokolohua like ʻole i nā waiwai like ʻole, pono e unuhi ʻia e like me ia.
Akā ʻaʻole pau ka huikau ma laila - hiki i nā labs ʻē aʻe e hoʻohana ana i ke ʻano hoʻāʻo like ke wehewehe ʻokoʻa i nā waiwai like. He mea nui ka laʻana o ka lepo kūpono no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hopena e hōʻike maoli i ka pae o ka phosphorus i loaʻa.
No ka hiki ʻole o ka phosphorus i ka lepo, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka phosphorus ma mua o nā laʻana i lawe ʻia mai ka lepo.
Noho ka hapa nui o ka phosphorus i ka lepo i loko o 1-2 iniha o ka noi. No laila, ʻo ka wahi kūpono kahi i lawe ʻia ai nā laʻana mai hiki ke hoʻololi nui i ka hopena.
Heluhelu moʻolelo i piha