"Ke kuemi nei ʻo ʻEulopa i kona hilinaʻi i ka agrochemicals i ka mahiʻai i nā makahiki he 10 e hiki mai ana a ʻoi aku, ʻo ka nīnau koʻikoʻi: He aha ka mea e pani iā lākou? Hāʻawi kahi biotechnology mahiʻai i kahi pane, "kākau ʻo Farhan Mitha i kahi ʻatikala i paʻi ʻia e Labiotech Insider.
paena ʻO Potato News I kēia lā kuhikuhi i nā ʻāpana mai kēia paʻi ʻana. Hiki ke heluhelu ʻia ka ʻōlelo piha o ka ʻatikala ma ka pūnaewele ʻO Labiotech.
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā agrochemicals - pesticides, fertilizers a me nā mea hoʻoulu ulu mea kanu - he mea nui ia i ke kanaka ma kahi kenekulia i hala. Ua hoʻonui lākou i ka hana mahiʻai e hālāwai me nā pono o ka lehulehu e ulu nei a ua hoʻopakele i nā piliona o ka poʻe mai ka pōloli. Eia nō naʻe, ua lilo ka hopena o ka nohona o agrochemicals i mea nui loa e nānā ʻole ʻia, a ʻike pinepine ʻia nā kemika ma ke ʻano he pono hana o ke kenekulia i hala i kūpono ʻole i nā pilikia o ke kenekulia 21.
I ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia, ua hoʻonohonoho iho nei ka EU i kahi moʻo e hoʻoliʻiliʻi nui i ka nui o nā kemika i hoʻohana ʻia ma nā mahiʻai ʻEulopa e 2030. Ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i kahi 50% hoʻemi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau make a me nā pesticides weliweli, a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā mea momona e 20%.
I ka manawa like, maopopo leʻa i ka neʻe ʻana i kēia mau pahuhopu ʻaʻole pono e hele pū me kahi hāʻule nui o ka hua. Hiki ke huli i ke ala i waho o ke kūlana i nā biotechnology mahiʻai hou.
ʻO ka mōʻaukala, ʻaʻole holomua ka holomua o ka biotechnology mahiʻai i ka EU. Ua hoʻonāwaliwali ke Komisina ʻEulopa i ka hoʻolauna ʻana o nā mea kanu i hoʻololi ʻia i nā genetically, hoʻonāukiuki i nā ʻoihana noiʻi he nui a puni ka ʻāina, nāna i ʻike i ka hana ʻenekini e like me nā pono pono i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana mahiai i ʻoi aku ka pono.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole pili ka biotechnology mahiʻai i ka hana ʻana o nā mea kanu GM: ke hoʻohana nei nā ʻepekema iā lākou e hana i kahi ʻano o nā hopena olaola e hāʻawi i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu (me ka hoʻololi ʻole ʻana i nā mea kanu iā lākou iho).
ʻO Pheromones no ka kaohi pest
ʻO nā insecticides kemika he mau mea hana paʻakikī i hoʻolālā ʻia e kaua aku i nā mea kolo, he "artillery kaumaha" ia e make ai. Akā kēia hana hoʻomālamalama honua, i hoʻohana ʻia no nā makahiki he nui, ke kumu mai nei nā pilikia kūlohelohe.
He paionia ʻo Denmark University University BioPhero i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pheromones insect ma ke ʻano he mea hānai kūʻokoʻa i nā insecticides kemika. Hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia nā huahana a ka hui i ka hakakā ʻana i nā moth mea kanu, ʻo ka hapa nui he mau mea ʻino weliweli ia no nā mea kanu.
Hoʻohilahila ka interference pheromone i nā moth kāne ma ka pale ʻana i ka wahi maoli o ka wahine ma ke kaʻaahi hōʻailona hoʻopunipuni. ʻO ka hopena, ua kau ʻia nā hua liʻiliʻi, a mālama ʻia ka helu o nā larva i hiki ke hōʻino i ka mea kanu i kahi haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pae i hiki ke mālama ʻia.
Ua hoʻomohala ʻo BioPhero i kahi hana fermentation - kūlike i ke kaʻina hana pia - kahi e hana ai ka hū ʻenekini i ka moth pheromones. ʻAe kēia i ka hana ʻana i nā pheromones ma kahi pālākiō ʻoihana, kahi e hiki ai ke ola pono i kēia ʻano hana.
Protein meaola
E like me kāu e ʻike ai, hele mai nā mea ʻānai a me nā microorganism pathogenic i nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā nui, a he mau ʻelele o nā aupuni like ʻole: nā holoholona (nā kolo), fungi, bacteria. ʻO kēia kahi pilikia nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hoʻokele biocontrol i māka nui ʻia a maʻalahi hoʻi no ka laulā o nā meaola like ʻole.
ʻO Biotalys (ʻo Agrosavfe ma mua), kahi mahele o ka Flemish Institute of Biotechnology, e ʻōlelo nei ʻo ka hopena i kēia pilikia aia i loko o kekahi o nā biomolecules ʻoi loa o ke kūlohelohe: nā protein.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ma 2013, kahi hui biotechnology Belgian ke hoʻomohala nei i ka agrobelas, nā protein liʻiliʻi i hoʻolālā ʻia e māka i nā mea ʻino a me nā pathogens. ʻO ke kumu o ka hoʻoulu manaʻo no ka hana ʻana i nā "agroblast" ʻo ia nō nā squirrels o ka llama, nona nā ʻano kūlohelohe kupaianaha.
Hiki i kahi ʻoihana ke koho koke i nā protein bioactive maikaʻi loa e kūʻē i kēlā me kēia pest a i ʻole pathogen, e hana iā lākou i ka nui o ka nui ma o ka fermentation microbial, a hoʻolilo iā lākou i mau huahana pale hua-ʻoluʻolu hoʻohana.
Hoʻohana o nā koʻohune lepo
I nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ke kahua o ka noiʻi microbiome, kōkua ʻia e nā holomua nui i ke aʻo ʻana i ka hopena o nā kaiāulu microbial kamaʻāina ma ka meaola hoʻokipa. Ua hele mua kēia kumuhana i ka noiʻi mahiʻai, ʻoiai he microbiome kekahi o nā mea kanu.
Maliʻa paha ʻo ka ʻoihana agrobiotech kaulana loa e hana nei e hana i kahi pūnaewele o nā pilina symbiotic ma waena o nā mea kanu a me nā koʻohune ʻo Pivot Bio i hoʻokumu ʻia ma Kaleponi. Hoʻolauna ka huahana hae o ka hui i nā koʻohune i hoʻololi ʻia i loko o ka lepo i hiki ke hoʻoponopono i ka nitrogen mai ka lewa a hāʻawi pololei iā ia i nā mea kanu. Hoʻoemi ka huahana a i ʻole hoʻololi i ka pono no nā nitrogen synthetic synthetic, ka hoʻohana a ka EU e ʻimi nei e hōʻemi e 20%.
Ke ʻimi pū nei kekahi mau hui biotech ʻEulopa (me Xtrem Biotech ma Sepania a me ApheaBio ma Pelekiuma) i ka hiki ke hoʻohana i nā microbes ma ke ʻano he pani no agrochemicals. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻolauna kūleʻa o nā microbes pono i loko o ka lepo i nā ʻano kahua maoli i hōʻike ʻia he paʻakikī, ʻoiai nā mea pili i ke kaiapuni e kāpae i ko lākou kūleʻa a paʻa.
I mea e lanakila ai i kēia palena, ua hoʻomohala ka hui Farani Kapsera i nā microcapsules biodegradable liʻiliʻi mai ka alginate (kahi mea i loaʻa mai nā limu) hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka lawe a me ka hana o nā biofertilizers a me nā biopesticides.
I ka hopena
ʻO ka pahuhopu e kū nei i nā mahiʻai ʻEulopa e pili ana i nā pahuhopu EU hou he paʻakikī loa: e hoʻomau i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā kemika. ʻAʻole paha e hiki ke kiʻi ʻia, akā ʻo kahi kino e ulu ana o nā hopena olaola e hōʻoia ʻaʻole ia. A hāʻawi ʻia i loaʻa i ka ʻoihana mahiʻai mahiʻai EU he 2019 miliona euro i ka makahiki 245 no ka hoʻomohala ʻana (21% ʻoi aku ma mua o 2018), ʻoi aku paha ka kokoke o ka hoʻokahuli mahiʻai hou ma mua o ko mākou manaʻo.