Nā loea o ka Expert Analytical Center no Agribusiness "AB-Center" www.ab-centre.ru hoʻomākaukau i kahi noiʻi kūʻai kūʻai o ka mākeke Lūkini o nā meaʻai a me nā meaʻai ma 2001-2020.
Ma lalo iho nei kekahi mau ʻāpana mai ka hana e pili ana i ka lawe ʻana aku i nā mea kanu mahiʻai a me nā meaʻai mai Rusia.
ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā mea kanu a me nā meaʻai mai Rūsia i ka makahiki 2019 he 24 miliona USD, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā helu no 741,4 (e 2018% a i ʻole 0,6 miliona USD).
* — Ma ka mahiʻai maka a me ka meaʻai ma kēia hihia mākou e pili ana i nā waiwai i komo i loko o nā hui huahana mai 01 a 24, nā ʻāpana o ka Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity mai I a IV (e nānā i ka puke kuhikuhi o nā Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity codes) .
Nā memo:
Mahele I - Holoholona Ola; huahana holoholona.
Māhele II - Nā huahana o nā mea kanu.
Mahele III - ʻO nā momona a me nā aila o nā holoholona a i ʻole nā huaʻai kumu a me nā huahana o ko lākou haki ʻana; i hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā momona ʻai; nā waxes o nā holoholona a mea kanu paha.
Māhele IV - Nā meaʻai i hoʻomākaukau ʻia; nā mea inu ʻona a me nā mea inu ʻole a me ka vīneka; paka a me kona mau pani (e nana. puke kuhikuhi o nā code HS).
I ka makahiki 2019, ua hoʻonui nui ʻo Rūsia i nā lako mea kūʻai aku no nā hui huahana he nui. Hoʻopili maʻamau ka stagnation o nā hōʻailona maʻamau me ka hāʻule ʻana o nā huaʻai i waho (nā huahana e like me ke code HS 10). ʻO kēia, ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka makahiki 2018, kahi i hopena i nā hōʻailona kālepa haole i ka hapa mua o 2019.
Ma muli o nā hopena o 2020, hiki i ke kālā ke hoʻokuʻu aku i nā meaʻai a me nā meaʻai mai ka Russian Federation, ma muli o ke kumukūʻai nui o ka ruble, e hoʻomau. Eia nō naʻe, ma nā huaʻōlelo (ma nā tons), manaʻo ʻia e hoʻonui ʻia nā lako no ka hapa nui o nā ʻano waiwai.
I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā meaʻai i lawe ʻia ma nā ʻano waiwai ma mua o kā lākou mau mea e hoʻokuʻu ʻia aku ai, akā ke emi mālie nei kēia āpau. E like me ka manaʻo o AB-Center, inā e hoʻomau ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o kēia manawa, hiki i nā meaʻai ke hoʻokuʻu aku ma mua o nā lako lawe mai i ka wā e hiki mai ana (i 2020-2022).
Ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ke kuleana o nā waiwai mahiʻai i ka nui o ka nui o nā mea hoʻopuka Lūkini i nā makahiki i hala.
ʻO ka paʻakikī agro-industrial kekahi o nā wahi liʻiliʻi o ka ʻāpana maoli o ka hoʻokele waiwai i ka Russian Federation e holomua ana a loaʻa nā huahana i hoʻokūkū i nā mākeke honua. I ka makahiki 2016-2019 ʻO ka māhele o nā huahana meaʻai i ka nui o ka waiwai o nā mea kūʻai aku o Rūsia, e like me ka AB-Center, aia ma 5,5-6,0%, ʻoiai hoʻi i 2001-2013. ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 3,4% (a i kekahi mau makahiki i emi iho ma mua o 2,0%).
ʻO nā mea nui e hoʻokuʻu aku ai i nā meaʻai a me nā meaʻai mai Rūsia ma 2019:
1. Māhaka (nā huahana e like me HS code 10). ʻO kēia ka nui o ka palaoa, ka bale a me ke kulina. Ma kahi liʻiliʻi loa, lawe ʻia ka raiki, ka rai, ka buckwheat, a me ka ʻoʻa mai Rusia mai. ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka palaoa mai ka Russian Federation i nā huaʻōlelo i ka makahiki 2019 he 32,0% o ka nui o nā lako o nā meaʻai mahiʻai a me nā meaʻai ma waho (39 tausani tons he 313,4 miliona USD). Ma 7, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻāpana o ka palaoa i ka nui o nā lako a ʻoi aku ka nui o 908,5% (2018 tausani tons he 42,0 miliona USD).
2. ʻO ka aila ʻaila, nā aila ʻai, nā keke, ʻai a me nā koena paʻa ʻē aʻe i loaʻa mai ka ʻohi ʻana i nā aila mea kanu. Hoʻokumu kēia mau huahana i nā lako i loko o ke ʻano o nā pūʻulu huahana i hoʻonui ʻia (nā code HS) e like me 12, 15 a me 23. ʻO ka nui o ka waiwai o nā mea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia no nā waiwai i luna, e like me ka helu ʻana o Ab-Center, he 5 miliona USD (687,6% o ka nui o ka waiwai o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā mea kanu a me nā meaʻai). No ka hoʻohālikelike, ma 23,0 nā helu ma 2018 miliona USD (4%).
3. ʻO iʻa a me ka iʻa (HS code 03). Kuhi ʻia nā lako hoʻopuka no kēia hui huahana ma 2019 ma USD 4 miliona (698,9%). I ka makahiki 19,0, ʻo ka waiwai o nā iʻa a me nā iʻa iʻa mai ka Russian Federation he USD 2018 miliona (4%).
I ka huina, ua hoʻonui ʻia nā pūʻulu huahana TOP-3 i helu ʻia ma luna, e like me ka helu AB-Center, hāʻawi ʻia 2019% o nā lako āpau i nā hua waiwai ma 73,9.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i kēia mau mea:
4. ʻO ka kokoleka a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe i loaʻa ka koko (HS code 18) - 2,9%.
5. Nā huahana i hoʻopau ʻia mai ka palaoa cereal, ka palaoa, ka starch aiʻole ka waiū; nā mea ʻala palaoa (HS code 19) - 2,8%.
6. ʻO nā mea inu ʻona a me nā mea inu ʻole (HS code 22) - 2,5%
7. ʻAi (HS code 02) - 2,4%. E ʻoluʻolu e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ke ulu ikaika nei kēia wahi. I hoʻokahi makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻo ka hapa o ka ʻiʻo he 1,6%, ma 2013 he 0,2% wale nō.
8. Laulima (HS code 24) - 2,2%.
9. Pā (HS code 17) - 2,1%.
10. ʻO nā meaʻai (HS code 07) - 1,9%. I ko mākou manaʻo, ʻo ka ʻōnaehana o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā waiwai e like me ka Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity ʻaʻole i hōʻike mau i ke kiʻi maoli.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā lako ma lalo o ke code 07 he pī a me ka moa, kahi kokoke loa i ka palaoa ma mua o nā mea kanu.
Eia nō naʻe, i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā waiwai e like me nā code HS, ua helu ʻia kēia mau huahana i nā mea kanu. ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā mea kanu pololei (ma ke ʻano maʻamau o ka huaʻōlelo) mai ka Russian Federation ma nā pae haʻahaʻa.
Mea nui! Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka helu ʻana o nā kālepa kālepa haole no kēia mea me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hana ʻikepili helu dute VEDLORD.
mea kākau: Alexey Plugov, Ph.D.