ʻOiai ua kahe ʻia ʻo Ukraine e ka ua, a hoʻopiʻi ka poʻe kamaʻāina ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke "piʻi" i ka māla e huki i ka ʻuala, ua hana nā luna hoʻoponopono ʻo AgroPortal.ua e noiʻi i ka mākeke ʻuala, no ka mea ʻo ka ʻuala ka "ʻai ʻelua" o ka hapa nui o nā ʻohana o Ukraine.
Kū ʻo Ukraine i ka ʻehā ma ka honua e pili ana i ka hana uala nui, e hana ana ma mua o 4 miliona mau tona i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Wahi a ka Ministry of Agrarian Policy, i ka makahiki 20 ka hana nui ʻana o kaʻuala i 2018 tausani mau tona me ka awelika o 22504 c / ha. 170,5% o kaʻuala e ulu nei ma nā wahi o ka home - 98 tausani mau tona.
No nā wahi ma lalo o kaʻuala, 1303,7 tausani heka i kanu ʻia e ka heluna kanaka a me 16,2 tausani hectares - e nā mea mahiʻai. I ka manawa like, ʻo ka awelika o kaʻuala i nā home he 169,4 c / ha, a i ka mahi ʻoihana - 252 c / ha.
ʻO nā mahiʻai ʻoihana vs. nā ʻohana
"He mea hoʻokūkū nā mahiʻai ʻoihana i loko o ke kanaka o kahi ʻona pilikino nāna e noʻonoʻo ʻole i ka hoʻokele waiwai a hana me nā uala i mea e ola ai. ʻO kēia ke akeakamai ʻokoʻa loa, - wahi a ke kauka o nā ʻepekema mahiʻai, polopeka, poʻo o ka ʻoihana agrochemistry a me ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana i nā hua i kapa ʻia ma hope o I A.I. ʻO Dushechkin NUBiP o ʻUkelena, lālā like o ka NAAS o Ukraine Anatoly Bykin. "Ma Ukraine, he kakaikahi loa nā mahiʻai ʻoihana me ka liʻiliʻi he 10 hectare o kaʻuala, akā uhi lākou i nā pono o ka lehulehu, ʻo ke koena kahi hana maʻalahi i lawe ʻia mai ka home".
Ke hoʻomaka nei ke kumu kūʻai ʻo kaʻuala mai ke kula, no ka mea, pono ʻia kahi ʻenehana kikoʻī e hoʻohana ʻole ʻia i ka wā e ulu ana i nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe: kahi mea kanu, kahi Comb mua, etc. A pono ʻoe e hoʻolilo kālā i nā hua.
"ʻO ke kumukūʻai nui o nā hua o ka hānau mua ma kahi o 10 UAH / kg, ʻo 1 UAH ka mālama, a makemake wau e loaʻa iā 1-1,5 UAH, ʻike ʻia he 12-14 UAH ka hua mua," manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo Bykin. - I kēia manawa ʻo ʻoe, ma ke ʻano he mea hana ʻoihana, makemake e kūʻai i 10 mau tona o kēia ʻano. Pono ʻoe i 3,5 tone i ka hectare, ʻo ia hoʻi, 35 * 14 = 490 UAH / t, hoʻohui mākou i 70 UAH no ka mahi ʻana. No laila, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka uala kūʻai ma mua o UAH 4-5, a ʻo ka mahiʻai ka hope loa i loaʻa ka loaʻa kālā. "
Ua ʻike ʻo Anatoly Bykin i nā mea āpau e pili ana i nā pilikia o ka ʻoihana ʻuala, no ka mea aia ʻo ia ma kēia ʻoihana no 19 mau makahiki. Ke komo nei kāna ʻoihana "Biotech LTD" i ka mahi ʻuala. Manaʻo ka mea mahiʻai he hihiu ka mākeke ʻuala, no ka mea kaomi ʻia e nā ʻohana i manaʻo ʻole i ka hoʻokele waiwai, akā hoʻolei wale i ka huahana ma ka mākeke i kēlā me kēia kumukūʻai. I kahi manawa ke kumu kūʻai kumukūʻai no nā mahiʻai ʻo 4 UAH, kūʻai lākou no 2 UAH. Ua maopopo he aha ka koho a ka mea kūʻai aku.
Eia naʻe, ua loli ka nānā koke ʻana. Wahi a ka Hope Kuhina o ke Kuhina Nui Agrarian a me ka ʻAi o Ukraine Volodymyr Topchiy, no kekahi mau makahiki e ulu ka hapa nui o kaʻuala i nā home, ʻoiai ʻo ia ka "ʻelua berena" ma nā papa o kahi Ukrainian maʻamau, hoʻohana ʻia kekahi o ia mea e hānai holoholona pilikino ʻAʻole wale kēia kūlana i Ukraine wale nō, akā ma nā ʻāina he nui ma hope o Soviet.
"ʻO nā kumu nui e keakea ana i ka hana ʻoihana nunui o kaʻuala i Ukraine ka nele o ka lawe ikaika, no ka mea ʻo nā ʻāina ʻo EU, no ka phytosanitary a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe, mai ʻae iā Ukraine, ma ke ʻano he ʻāina, e kūʻai aku iā ia ma kāna panalāʻau, a me ka pāpā i hoʻolauna ʻia ma kāna ʻāina mai ka 2015. Lūkia Hui Pū ʻIa. He mau liʻiliʻi kā mākou hana o ka ʻuala no ka meaʻai a me nā hana loea, "wahi a Vladimir Topchiy. - Eia nō naʻe, hoʻomau ka hoʻonui ʻana o kaʻuala ʻUkelane i kona wahi ma lalo o ka mahi ʻana i nā ʻoihana. Ua mākaukau nā mea hoʻopukapuka Kina e hoʻopukapuka i ke kūkulu ʻana i ʻelua mau mea kanu ʻuala ma nā moku ʻo Kiev a me Chernigov. ʻO kahi ʻāpana hoʻi o ka hoʻolālā kaiapuni honua e pani i nā huahana palika me ka mahele o ka starch e hoʻoulu nei i ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā kanu kanu uala. "
ʻO ka hana hou ʻana kahi ʻanakē finicky
ʻO ka ulu ʻana o kaʻuala kahi ʻoihana paʻakikī, a inā ʻaʻole e ʻohi ke kaʻina iā ia, lilo ia i mea maikaʻi ʻole. Wahi a Anatoly Bykin, ua like ka hana ʻana me kahi "finicky aunt" e pono ai ka maikaʻi a me ka leo ʻaʻole wale i ke kau, akā i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa.
"ʻAʻohe mea hoʻopukapuka e ʻae e hoʻopukapuka i kā lākou kālā inā hana ka hale hana i 150 mau lā o ka makahiki, pono ʻoe ma ka liʻiliʻi he 330," i ʻōlelo ʻo ia. - A ʻo ka pūʻulu liʻiliʻi he 22 mau tona o homogeneous, mea kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i hoʻolālā ʻia no kahi huahana kikoʻī. Ua maopopo he hiki ʻole i ke kupuna kāne mai ke kauhale ke uhi i nā ʻano nui, no laila ma aneʻi no nā ʻoihana mahiʻai, "i kākau ʻo Anatoly Bykin.
I Ukraine i kēia lā, ʻo nā kuhikuhi nui o ka hana ʻana i kaʻuala ka hana ʻana o ka starch potato, chips and French fries.
Wahi a ka Association of Potato and Starch Producers o Ukraine, ʻehā mau ʻoihana e hana nei i ka hana o ka starch potato. ʻO "Vimal", aia ma ka moku ʻo Chernihiv, he ʻelua mau pūnaewele hana no 150 mau tona o ka hana ʻana i kaʻuala i kēlā me kēia lā a wehe ʻia i ʻOkakopa i ka makahiki i hala no 1440 mau tona o ka ʻuala i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO PE "Levona" (ʻĀpana Chernigov) a me LLC "huahana Starch o ʻUkelani" (Kiev ʻāina) he 200 tona o ka hana ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO nā mahi mahiʻai paʻa CFG / MRIYA he ʻelua mau pūnaewele hana no 150 mau tona o ka hana ʻana i kaʻuala i kēlā me kēia lā a wehe ʻia i ka 2013 no 600 mau tona o ka hana ʻana i kaʻuala i kēlā me kēia lā. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia a hiki i ka makahiki 2000, 17 hana loea kūikawā no ka hana ʻana i ka starch uala i hana ʻia ma Ukraine.
No ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana, komo lākou i loko o LLC "Chips Club" (Dnipro) a me LLC "Chipsy Lux" (Kiev ʻāina), e hui pū nei me 20-30 mau mahiʻai. Lawe ʻia ka hana o nā fries Palani e PJSC "Corporation" Interagrosistema "ma ka moku ʻo Chernihiv.
"Kū ka nīnau, no ke aha ʻaʻole nui nā mea hoʻololi. No ka mea, ua hōʻoki ʻia ka paʻa ʻole o ka ʻāina a me ka mākeke: e ka ʻāina - 7-10%, e ka hoʻokele waiwai - 20%, e ka mākeke ʻai ʻuala - e like me 50%, no ka mea, ua hoʻopau ʻo Donbass, Crimea a me Lūkia i ka nui o kaʻuala. A i kēia manawa ua hiolo wale ka hapalua o ka mākeke. No laila, no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kaʻuala e ulu ana i ka ʻāina pono e loaʻa kahi ʻano hoʻokele a maikaʻi hoʻi o ke aniau, "wahi a Bykin.
E nalo anei kaʻuala mai nā mea kanu nui?
I Ukraine, hana ʻia ma kahi o 500 tausani tone o kaʻuala i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻaʻohe mea e hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka hana. ʻO nā ʻāpana he nui e ulu nei i kaʻuala i nā makahiki he nui ke haʻalele iki nei iā lākou, ʻōlelo lākou ʻaʻole maikaʻi. Akā aia nō kekahi ke hoʻāʻo nei e hoʻāla i ka ʻoihana ʻuala i kahi pae hou o ʻEulopa.
I kēia kau, ua hoʻokaʻawale ka mahiʻai mahiʻai CFG / MRIYA i kahi ʻāpana o 2 hectares no kaʻuala ma nā moku ʻo Ternopil a me Lviv. Manaʻo ka ʻoihana e mālama i ka laha o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka wahi ma lalo o kēia mea kanu e ka awelika o 400-500 hectares i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Ke hoʻolālā nei i nā wahi i kahi mahi mahiʻai, alakaʻi ʻia lākou e nā pono o nā mea kūʻai aku, no ka mea ʻo nā hoa nui ka ʻUkekania a me nā mea hana honua o nā ʻāpana. Kūʻai ʻia kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka nui o ka nui i nā hale kūʻai a i hoʻouna ʻia paha no ka hana ʻana (starch), ʻoiai ka ʻāpana o ka liona (me nā hua hua) i ʻaelike ʻia no nā mea kūʻai aku.
ʻO ka mōʻaukala, ua pili mau ʻo MRIYA a me CFG i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka ʻuala a loaʻa nā mana kūpono āpau no kēia, a ʻo kēia ʻaoʻao no ka ʻoihana hui e noho rautaki. Eia kekahi, ʻo ke kū ʻana o kaʻuala i ka hoʻohuli ʻana o ka hua i hopena maikaʻi i nā ʻōuli a kōkua i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā pilikia o nā mea kanu.
Ke hōʻike ʻia nei nā mea pāʻani hou ma ka mākeke, no ka laʻana, BestPotato, ka mea i ka hāʻule o 2019 e hoʻolālā e hoʻomaka i kahi papahana hou e pili ana i ka ʻoihana ʻuala a me ka hana ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana hou.
Me ka hua ʻole, ua make ka mea mahiʻai
I kēia lā, ua hoʻokomo ʻia he 186 mau ʻano ʻuala o ke koho kūloko a me nā haole i loko o ka State Register o nā ʻano mea kanu i kūpono no ka hāʻawi ʻana i Ukraine, a he 63 i hana ʻia e ke koho ʻana o ka Institute of Potato Growing.
ʻO ka hāʻawi ʻana o nā ʻano ʻuala i hānai ʻia e ka Institute of Potato e ulu nei e ka hui oʻo
Hui Ripeness | Wā kanu mea kanu | Ka helu o nā ʻano | Nā ʻano punahele |
Super kakahiaka | Nā lā 60-80 | 3 | ʻO Radomysl, Vzirets, Duma |
Pala mua | Nā lā 80-100 | 17 | ʻO Povin, Serpanok, Skarbnytsya, Cimmeria, Shchedryk, Slauta, Tiras |
Kahi wā waena | Nā lā 101-115 | 13 | ʻO Svitanok Kievsky, Levada, Fantasy, Mezhirichka 11, Aria, Strumok |
Kau-kau | Nā lā 116-125 | 25 | ʻO ke kamāliʻiwahine, ʻo Ivankovsky i ka wanaʻao, Letana, Miroslava, Charunka, Yavor, Slavyanka, Solokha |
Lōʻihi waena | Nā lā 126-140 | 5 | Sluch, Chervona Ruta, Poliske dzherelo |
Wahi a ka Institute of Potato Growing, i waena o nā ʻano o ke koho haole, nā puke nui loa i ka makahiki 2018 no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka ʻuala i kaulana no nā ʻano: Opal, Red Lady, Riviera, Verdi, Kibits, Melody, Aureya.
Eia nō naʻe, lōʻihi loa ke kaʻina o ka hana ʻana i kahi ʻano hou - 8-10 mau makahiki e pono e hala ma mua o ka waiho ʻia ʻana no ka hoʻāʻo ʻano mokuʻāina, a laila 2-3 mau makahiki o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana ma nā ʻano like ʻole o ka ʻUnekania Institute no ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana i nā ʻano mea kanu, a ukali ʻia e ke komo inoa i ka papa inoa o nā ʻano. ʻO ia, i kēlā me kēia makahiki 3-6 nā ʻano hou o kaʻuala e hoʻoili ʻia i ka hoʻāʻo ʻano mokuʻāina e ke koho ʻana o ka Institute of Potato Growing.
No ka manawa 2015-2019 21 mau ʻano ʻuala i hānai ʻia e ka Institute of Potato Growing i hoʻohui ʻia i ka papa inoa o nā ʻano mea kanu o Ukraine. I kēia makahiki, ua hoʻopiha hou ʻia ka papa inoa me ʻelima mau ʻano hou: Basalia, Avangard, Alexandrite, Fotinia a me Kuʻuna. 9 mau ʻano ʻuala e hoʻāʻo nei i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka mokuʻāina: Alliance, Volodarka, Opillia, Bazhana, Sontsedar, Mystery, Zhytnitsa, Rodyna, Harmony.
"ʻO ka hana nui o ke kula, ʻo ia ke kākoʻo i ka hana hua ʻana, a i mea e kākoʻo aku ai iā ia, pono e loaʻa i kahi mea kūʻai mai. Ua lilo ia i pōʻai kolohe: ʻaʻole hiki i kahi mahiʻai Ukrainian ke kūʻai i nā hua no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou ma ka mākeke, a ʻaʻole hiki i kahi keʻena noiʻi ke hoʻonui iā lākou no ka mea ʻaʻohe mea kūʻai. No laila, makemake nā mea hana he nui i nā ʻano haole, ”wahi a Anatoly Bykin.
ʻO ka hana ʻana o nā mea kanu uala ma ka Potato Institute a me kāna Keʻena ʻImi Polesie i ka makahiki 2018 i 1161,696 mau tona o nā hua. Ke kūʻai aku nei ka Institute o Uala e ulu ana ma kahi o 700-1000 mau tona o nā mea kanu potato elite.
Hoʻololi ke aniau = hoʻololi ʻenehana
Ua hana mau ʻia ke kāʻei ʻuala ma Ukraine: Lviv, Rivne, Zhitomir, Kiev, Chernigov, nā moku Sumy. I ka hema, ua ulu ka nui o nā ʻano mua, no ka mea, ma laila ʻoe e loaʻa ai i ʻelua mea kanu.
"Ma ka hema o Ukraine, paʻakikī loa e alakaʻi i ka hana ʻana i nā hua, no ka nui o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa a me ke kumu o nā mea lawe virus. Aia kekahi mau mea kolo e like me nā aphids, he lako waha ko lākou: ua noho lākou ma luna o kahi mea kanu, ʻokiʻoki, a omo i ka wai a lele i kahi ʻē aʻe. Inā noho ʻo ia ma luna o kahi mea kanu maʻi, a laila lawe ʻo ia i ka maʻi me kāna kumu a hoʻoili iā ia i kahi mea olakino. ʻO ka haʻahaʻa o ke kumu o nā mea lawe virus, ʻo ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kaʻuala. Inā makemake mākou e kiʻi i nā ʻohiʻohi liʻiliʻi, a laila hiki iā mākou ke nānā ʻole i kēia, akā inā makemake mākou e ʻohiʻohi pono i ka ʻoihana, a laila e loli ke kiko waena ma waena o 25-30 t / ha - ʻo kēia ka nui o kaʻuala e pono ai e uhi i nā mea āpau. nā lilo, "wahi a ka mea nona ka Biotech LTD.
Wahi a Bykin, maʻalahi ka ʻuala i ka loli. He ʻōnaehana maikaʻi ʻole i kūkulu maikaʻi ʻia. Inā kūlana 20 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hala ke kau wela koʻikoʻi i kekahi mau lā i ka wahi o kāna mahi ʻana, ʻelua mau mahina kēia. Ma kēia mea, pono i nā ʻano kūpale maloʻo maloʻo a me nā lole foliar i mea e kōkua ai i ka mea kanu e kūpaʻa i ke koʻikoʻi (Iune / Iulai), a laila e kū pono iā ia iho. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano kūloko i ka ʻenehana, no ka mea ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia lākou i nā kūlana anilā a me nā loli.
Source: http://agroportal.ua/