kikokikona: Maria Rozhkova
Ke ulu nei ka hana ʻana o ka celery ma Rūsia
A hiki i kēia manawa, ua ulu ʻia ka petiole a me ka celery root ma Rūsia e nā poʻe noho kauwela. ʻAʻohe wahi kikoʻī i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka hana ʻoihana - he mea paʻakikī i nā mahiʻai liʻiliʻi ke kū i ka hoʻokūkū me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe. Akā, e like me kā lākou e ʻōlelo nei, ʻaʻohe hauʻoli, akā ua kōkua ka pōʻino: ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka meaʻai i ka pane ʻana i nā hoʻopaʻi anti-Russian i ʻoki i ka lako o ka celery mai nā ʻāina he nui. Mahalo i nā mea hana mahiʻai Lūkini i nānā i kēia mea kanu hou no lākou.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, mamao loa ʻo Rūsia mai ka hiki ʻana i ka nui o nā ʻāina hana celery kuʻuna. Wahi a Andrei Ivashkin, he loea i ke aʻa a me ka petiole celery a me nā leeks o ka hui Rijk Zwaan Rus, i kēia manawa ma Rūsia ma lalo o ke aʻa a me ka petiole celery.
ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 300 mau ʻeka i noho ʻia, ʻoiai ma ʻEulopa wale nō ka petiole i ulu ʻia ma 16 tausani ʻeka: 4,6 tausani ʻeka ma Italia, 3,1 tausani ʻeka ma Farani, 2,1 tausani ʻeka ma Sepania (no ka lawe ʻana aku i UK ) a ma kahi o 1,4 tausani ʻeka i loko. Kelemānia. Ua kaulana ʻo petiole celery ma USA, Kina, Iapana, Israel a me nā ʻāina Scandinavian.
Ke kanu ʻana o ka petiole a me ka celery root:
Rusia 300 ha
Italia 4,6 tausani heka
Palani 3,1 tausani heka
ʻO Sepania 2,1 tausani ʻeka
Kelemānia 1,4 tausani heka
ʻO kekahi o nā mea mua i ulu i ka celery ma ka ʻāina o ka Soviet Union mua ʻo Vladimir Matusevich, ke poʻo o ka mahiʻai "Maentak "Matusevichy" (Republic of Belarus, Minsk region). Ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia i kāna ʻoihana ʻohana ma 1988. "Ua hoʻomaka mākou e ulu i nā mea kanu āpau a liʻiliʻi loa i ka ʻāina o ka USSR mua i ʻike ʻia ma ke Komohana - celery (root and petiole), leeks, nā ʻano kāpeti āpau (Savoy, cauliflower, broccoli, Brussels sprouts. , kohlrabi) - nā mea a pau "e kāhāhā i nā mea kūʻai," i hoʻomanaʻo aiʻo Vladimir Matusevich. "I kēlā manawa makemake nui ka poʻe e hoʻāʻo i ke kūʻokoʻa a me kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa." I ka wā mua, ua ikaika loa ka noi no nā huahana kūikawā, akā ua lohi iki - ua lawa ka poʻe i nā mea kupanaha a hoʻi i kā lākou kāpeti kuʻuna, wahi a ke poʻo o ka mahiʻai.
ʻO "Maentak "Matusevichy" he 20-30 mau ʻeka wale nō o ka ʻāina. ʻO kēia mau mea, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 1,5-2 ʻeka i noho ʻia e ka celery i nā makahiki like ʻole. "Ma mua, ua ulu mākou i ka celery aʻa, akā i nā makahiki i hala iho nei ua kū mai nā pilikia me kāna kūʻai ʻana, no laila inā mākou e kanu i ka celery, ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia," wahi a Vladimir Matusevich. Ua ʻike ka mea agrarian ua ʻike ʻo ia i hoʻokahi wale nō mea hana celery ma ka ʻāina o ka Repubalika o Belarus. "Akā i nā makahiki i hala iho nei ua lohe au e pili ana i nā papahana nui loa ma Rūsia," wahi āna.
ʻO ka impetus no ka mahiʻai ʻana i ka celery ma Rūsia, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ia ka hoʻopaʻi, ua maopopo ʻo Andrei Ivashkin. “Ua kaulana kēia moʻomeheu i waena o ka poʻe ma muli o kāna mau waiwai pono. A inā i lawe ʻia mai ka celery ma mua, i kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea mahiʻai i hana i kā lākou mau māla, "wahi āna. "Ma mua o ka hoʻopaʻi ʻana, ua ulu wale ʻia kēia mea kanu e nā poʻe noho kauwela; ʻaʻohe mahele ma kahi ʻano ʻoihana. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā wahi i noho ʻia e petiole celery ma ka Territory Krasnodar a me Crimea, a me ke aʻa.
ulu pinepine ma Central Russia. Hoʻoulu nui ʻia ʻo Chereshkovy ma ka ʻāina ākea, akā hiki nō hoʻi ke ulu i ka lepo i pale ʻia me ka hydroponics.
Ke ulu nui nei ka hana celery i kēlā me kēia makahiki. "ʻO ka ulu ʻana o ka hoihoi i kēlā ʻano mea kanu e like me ka celery e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻolaha nui ʻana, ma mua o nā kūlanakauhale nui o Rūsia, kahi ola olakino (HLS), e komo pū ana me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā mea kanu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka meaʻai. "wahi a Sergei, Luna Nui o Phytosovkhoz Raduga. Kutko (Repubalika o Crimea; ulu mea kanu). "ʻO kā mākou hui ka mea hana nui loa o nā lāʻau lapaʻau, no laila ʻaʻole hou ke kumuhana o ka mālama ʻana i ke olakino kanaka."
ʻO ke poʻo o ka mahiʻai, ʻo Vladimir Parkhomenko, wehewehe i ke koho ʻana i ka petiole celery ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea kanu nui o ka hui Agroleto (Krasnodar region) e ka ulu mau ʻana o ka noi mai nā kaulahao supermarket, a me nā noi maʻamau mai nā hoa kālepa e ulu i kēia huahana. . ʻO Agroleto ka mea hana nui loa o ka petiole celery ma Rūsia. "Ke hana nei mākou i ka mahiʻai a me ka hana mua o ke kūʻai ʻana i nā mea kanu - nā radishes, leeks a me ka petiole celery," wahi a Vladimir Parkhomenko. "He mau hua liʻiliʻi kēia inā hana pololei nā mea a pau: mai ke koho ʻana i kahi ʻano a i ʻole hybrid i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i kā mākou kūlana ulu kūikawā, a hoʻopau me ka holoi ʻana a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka huahana, mākaukau e hele i ka papa i loko o ka friji."
I kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea hana mahiʻai e hoʻāʻo nei e ulu i ka celery i kā lākou māla. No laila, i ka "Farming Agro Union" No ka Motherland "(Moscow region; ulu salads ma 60 hectares, kāpeti, celery, leeks a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe ma ka ʻāina ākea) i kēia makahiki ua ulu a hōʻiliʻili ʻia ka hua mua o ka celery. ʻO ka nui o ka ʻāpana ma lalo o ke aʻa a me ka petiole celery he 4,2 ʻeka. "Ke ho'āʻo nei mākou e hana me ka ʻokoʻa e like me ka hiki: pono nā mea kūʻai aku i nā mea kanu hou, ke hoʻāʻo nei mākou e ulu iā lākou," wahi a ka luna agronomist o ka mahiʻai, ʻo Sergei Korolev. — E like me kekahi moʻomeheu hou, makaʻu lākou ʻaʻole lawa ka ʻike. Eia naʻe, ua hāʻawi mai ka makahiki mua i nā hopena maikaʻi loa, no laila hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo palekana ua makemake mākou i ka mea kanu a ke hoʻolālā nei mākou e hoʻonui i ka wahi ma lalo o ka celery i ka makahiki aʻe.
ʻO nā mea kanu ke kumu o nā mea a pau
ʻO ka mea nui loa i ka hana celery ʻo ia ka ulu ʻana i nā mea kanu, no ka mea, ʻo ka maikaʻi o nā mea kanu e hoʻoholo ai i ka ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu, hoʻomanaʻo ʻo Andrey Ivashkin.
ʻO ka pilikia nui, ʻo ia ka liʻiliʻi o nā hua seleri. "No ke kumu hoʻokahi, paʻakikī kēia huaʻai e ulu ma ka lūlū pololei ʻana," i ʻōlelo aʻe ai kahi loea mai Rijk Zwaan Rus, "e ulu mālie nā hua liʻiliʻi."
ʻO ka maʻamau, ulu ka celery i nā manawa he nui: hiki ke kanu ʻia nā mea kanu ma ka ʻāina ākea mai ka waena o Mei a Iulai. ʻO kēia ka mea a lākou e hana ai ma Mayontak Matusevichy. "Ke kanu nei mākou i ka celery i ʻekolu mau pae: lūlū mākou i ka pūʻulu mua o nā hua no nā mea kanu i Malaki, ʻo ka lua.
i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ʻApelila, a ʻo ke kolu i ka hopena o ʻApelila, "wahi a ke poʻo o ka mahiʻai, ʻo Vladimir Matusevich. "ʻAe kēia iā mākou e ʻohi i ka celery ma Belarus a hiki i ka waena o ʻOkakopa."
... hāʻawi ʻia paʻakikī ka mea kanu ma ka lūlū pololei, liʻiliʻi
hū mālie nā ʻanoʻano
"He maʻalahi a maopopo ka algorithm no ka ulu ʻana i nā mea kanu," wahi a Andrey Ivashkin. "E ulu mua lākou i nā mea kanu: lūlū lākou i loko o nā pahu, a laila kanu lākou i loko o nā cassette a i ʻole nā kīʻaha, a laila kanu lākou iā lākou ma ka ʻāina ākea." Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia nā hua no nā mea kanu i ka lā Malaki 1, ʻike ʻia nā mea kanu i ka lā 10. No nā lā 7 mua ma hope o kēia, pono e mālama i kahi mahana o 14-18 ° C i ʻole e hoʻopololei nā mea kanu.
"Mai Malaki 17, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia nā mahana o ke ao i 21 ° C a me nā mahana o ka pō i 15 ° C," hoʻomau ʻo ia. - Ma ke kumu, i loko o kēia manawa, mālama ʻia nā pahu me nā mea kanu i loko o nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni, maʻamau i wela. A i ka lā 1 ʻApelila, i ka wā e puka mai ai nā lau ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻololi ʻia lākou i loko o nā cassette a i ʻole nā kīʻaha me ka peat. Hoʻomaka lākou e paʻakikī i nā mea kanu ma waho ma kahi o Mei 2th, a ma ka 5th, i ka wā i 10-70 mau lā nā mea kanu a loaʻa iā 80-4 mau lau maoli, ua kanu ʻia lākou ma ke kula. He ʻano maʻamau kēia mau pae a me ka manawa no ka petiole a me ka celery root.
Hoʻomaopopo ka loea mai Rijk Zwaan Rus i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e pono e wehe maʻalahi nā mea kanu i hoʻopau ʻia mai nā cassette. Kanu ʻia nā mea kanu me ka lima a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kanu. I kēia wā, he mea nui loa ʻaʻole e hoʻonui i nā mea kanu, i ʻole e uhi i ka ulu ulu, wahi a Andrey Ivashkin. ʻO ka maʻamau, mai 1 a 65 tausani petiole celery mea kanu i kanu ʻia i 110 hectare (e pili ana i ka lepo a me nā kūlana climatic, loaʻa.
ʻenehana kūpono a me nā pono mākeke).
"ʻAʻole ʻo nā mea kanu celery kiʻekiʻe kekahi o nā mea nui, akā ʻo ka mea nui loa i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi huahana kūʻai kūʻai kiʻekiʻe i ka wā o ka ʻohi ʻana," wahi a Santiago Gaston, he loea celery ma Rijk Zwaan Iberica. — ʻO Sepania ka mea hana nui loa
petiole celery i ka pōʻai hoʻoilo-punawai a hāʻawi i nā huahana i nā mākeke ʻEulopa he nui - Kelemānia, Farani, a me ʻEulopa ʻĀkau. Ma Sepania, ulu ʻia nā mea kanu celery i nā mea kanu ʻōmaʻomaʻo kūikawā. Loaʻa i ka mea mahiʻai kahi mea kanu paʻakikī o ka nui kūpono, mākaukau no ke kanu ʻana (55-65 mau lā o ka wā ulu). Hana wale mākou me nā ʻanoʻano seleri primed primed stalk. ʻOi aku ka wikiwiki a me ka maʻalahi o ia mau hua i loko o ke keʻena seedling, kahi e mālama nui ai i ka manawa i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hua kiʻekiʻe.
Ua hoʻomākaukau mua ʻia kahi wahi no ka celery i ʻole ka mauʻu. ʻO nā mea i hana mua ʻia he mau mea kanu i hoʻohana ʻia ai nā mea kanu organik - kāpeti. Ma hope o ke kanu ʻana i nā mea kanu ma ke kula, hiki ke hoʻohana i nā mea hoʻoulu ulu, inā pono. ʻO ka manawa ulu o kēia mea kanu he 140-180 mau lā (mai ka germination), a ʻo ka awelika hua o ka petiole celery he 40-70 t / ha. I ka manawa like, ka maximum
ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka hua ma USA - 96 t/ha.
ʻOhi ʻia ka celery i ka wā e paʻa ai nā petioles, ʻaʻohe puka. Eia nō naʻe, pono ʻoe e loaʻa ka manawa e wehe ai ma mua o ka lilo ʻana o nā kaula paʻakikī a ʻoʻoleʻa. Hoʻokiʻoki lima ʻia nā wana me kahi pahi kūikawā, e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou mai ke kola aʻa i ka pae lepo. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopōkole i nā lau o luna. No ke kūʻai aku i ka mea kūʻai hope, ʻoki ʻia ka petiole celery ma kahi petiole lōʻihi o 27-35 cm a me ke kaumaha o 150 a 800 g. Ma mua o ke kūʻai ʻana, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia nā mea kanu.
mai nā wana ʻaoʻao nui. ʻO ka hana ʻana o nā mea kūʻai aku ka wehe ʻana i nā lau a me nā petioles unripe, ka nui ʻana, ka hoʻopili ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i loko o nā keʻena refrigeration no ka hoʻomaha ʻana ma kahi mahana o 0 ° C a me kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o 98%. I loko o ka paʻi perforated kūikawā, hiki ke mālama ʻia kēia huahana ma lalo o nā kūlana i kuhikuhi ʻia no 3-4 mau pule.
I ka wā e ʻohi ai i ke aʻa celery, e ʻoki mua i nā poʻo, a laila e ʻeli iho i ke aʻa ponoʻī (hiki ke hana ʻia me ka mechanically). "A laila hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ke aʻa a hoʻokomo i loko o kahi pahu, i mālama ʻia," wahi a Andrei Ivashkin. "ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i ka celery aʻa me nā aʻa ʻaoʻao i ʻole e komo ka maʻi i nā wahi i ʻoki ʻia, a ma mua o ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka mea kūʻai aku, pono e holoi ʻia, wehe ʻia i nā aʻa ʻaoʻao a poni ʻia, inā pono."
I ka wela a me ka haʻahaʻa
He kuleana koʻikoʻi ka lepo a me ke ʻano o ka ʻāina i ka ulu ʻana i ka celery. "ʻO ka lepo kūpono loa no kēia mea kanu ʻo ka loam me ka wai maikaʻi," wahi a Andrey Ivashkin. "I ka manawa like, ma ka hema e hoʻohana pinepine lākou i ka irrigation drip." Ma ke ala, i ka wā e ulu ana ma ka drip
He kūpono hoʻi nā lepo one māmā no ka hoʻoinu ʻana. Hōʻike ka Celery i ka hua maikaʻi ma ka loam, ka loam māmā a me ka lepo one. ʻAʻole kūpono nā ʻāina paʻa i ka wai no kēia mea kanu, e ʻōlelo aku i kahi loea mai Rijk Zwaan Rus.
Wahi a ka ʻike o Sergei Korolev, ʻo nā wahi maikaʻi wale nō, ʻaʻole wai kahe o ka ʻāina kahi i loaʻa ai ka wai lepo ma kahi hohonu hohonu kūpono no ka ulu ʻana i ka celery. Wahi a ke poʻo agronomist o ka Farmers 'Agro Union "No ka Motherland", paʻakikī loa ka moʻomeheu no ka mea
ʻaʻole makemake i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka mahana a koi i ka wai mau i ka wā mua, ʻoi aku ma hope o ke kanu ʻana. "No ka celery, hoʻohana mākou i ka irrigation overhead coil a me drip irrigation," wahi āna.
Mea loea i ka Celery Rijk Zwaan Iberica -
Santiago Gaston de Iriarte Dupui de Lome
"ʻO ka Celery kahi mea kanu makemake nui i ka wai," wahi a Sergey
Kutko mai ka Raduga Phytosovkhoz. "I kekahi mau lā wela o Iulai a me ʻAukake, ua piʻi ka nui o ka wai i 250-300 m3 o ka wai no ka ʻeka, a i ka wā ulu holoʻokoʻa ua hoʻohana mākou ma kahi o 6-6,5 tausani m3 o ka wai no ka ʻeka." Hoʻohana ka mahiʻai i ka irrigation ili me nā mea sprinkler mua mai ka mea hana ʻAmelika TL. "Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei mākou ma ka hema, i ka wā e ulu ana i ka celery, ʻaʻole ia he mea nui e hāʻawi i ka mea kanu me ka nui o ka wai, akā e hōʻemi hoʻi i ka mahana o ka ʻili o ka ea - kōkua kēia i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka petiole. ka nele o ka hollowness a me ka woodiness," wehewehe ka luna nui o ka hui.
Ke koi nui nei kēia mea kanu i nā kūlana mahana, hoʻomau ʻo Andrey Ivashkin. "Hiki i ka Celery ke ulu i nā mahana ma lalo o 10 ° C a i ʻole, i ka wā e piʻi nui ai ka mahana, no laila pono e nānā i ke ʻano o ka mahana," ʻōlelo ʻo ia. "I ka hoʻoilo, ʻae ka celery i nā hau o ka liʻiliʻi -4 ° C. ʻO ka mahana kūpono no ka ulu ʻana mai 17 a 24 ° C." Eia kekahi, ma ka Territory Krasnodar, kahi i ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana o ke kauwela, ua ulu maikaʻi kēia hua.
Makemake ʻo Celery i ka momona
lepo - loam me ka humus maikaʻi. ʻO nā mea mua i makemake ʻia no ia he kukama a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
na meakanu a lakou e lawe mai ai
meaola
ʻO ka Celery kekahi meaʻai pono. Eia nō naʻe, ma mua o ke koho ʻana i ka meaʻai, ʻōlelo ʻia kahi loea mai Rijk Zwaan Rus e hana i kahi loiloi lepo e hoʻoholo ai i ka mea pono e hoʻohui ʻia i kēlā me kēia mahiʻai. Hana ʻia ka fertilizing mua i ka lā 20 ma hope o ke kanu ʻana i nā mea kanu, wahi a Andrey Ivashkin. Pono ʻo Celery i ka nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium a me ka calcium, a me nā mea trace. "Meakanu
hōʻailona ia i ka nele o nā microelements a me nā meaʻai. No laila, inā ʻike ʻoe i ka pōʻeleʻele ma waena o nā petioles, ʻo ia ka mea ʻaʻole lawa ka calcium. ʻO ka ʻeleʻele o ke kumu, ka maloʻo ʻana o ka lau ʻōpio i waenakonu o ka mea kanu petiole celery hiki ke hōʻike i kahi hemahema nui o ka boron. Eia kekahi, hiki iā mākou ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka nele o ka boron inā ʻike ʻia kahi kala ʻulaʻula ma ka ʻoki ʻana o ke kumu aʻa (ma hope
hana ʻia nā hakahaka ma kona wahi)," wehewehe ʻo ia. "No laila, he mea nui ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana meaʻai kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i nā hopena o ka nānā ʻana i ka lepo a me ka ʻikepili i ka pae papahana o ka huaʻai a me ka lawe ʻana i nā meaʻai," i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia ʻo Vladimir Parkhomenko mai ka hui ʻo Agroleto.
Ma Mayontak Matusevichy, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea kanu kumu āpau i ka celery a me nā mea kanu ʻōmaʻomaʻo: nitrogen, phosphorus a me ka potassium. "Ke hana nei mākou i ka fertilizing foliar me ka boron a hoʻopili i nā mea kanu i hui ʻia," wahi a ke poʻo o ka mahiʻai. "Ke hana nei mākou i nā hana pale - hoʻohana mākou i nā herbicide ma mua o ke kanu ʻana i nā mea kanu." Hoʻohana pū ʻia nā fungicides ma ka mahiʻai - a hiki i ka pae 6
lau. "ʻOiaʻiʻo, aia nā pilikia me nā maʻi, no laila pono nā lāʻau lapaʻau," i manaʻo ʻia ʻo Vladimir Matusevich.
ʻO kahi ala e pale aku ai i ka celery mai nā maʻi a me nā pests ʻo ia ka pili ʻana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mea kanu. Wahi a Andrei Ivashkin, kūpono, pono e hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka celery i ka wahi like ma hope o 3-4 mau makahiki.
No ka mea he lālā ka celery no ka ʻohana Umbelliferae, ʻo ia hoʻi nā kāloti, ka dill, ka pā paʻi, a me nā parsnips, pono e kanu ʻia kēia mau mea kanu i kēlā me kēia.
ua kapu. "Aloha ʻo Celery i ka lepo momona - loam me humus maikaʻi," haʻi ʻo Vladimir Matusevich i kāna ʻike. - ʻO nā mea mua i makemake ʻia no ia he mau kukama
a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe i hoʻohui ʻia i nā mea olaola. Kanu maʻa mau mākou ma hope o ke kāpeti, kahi e hoʻohui mau ai mākou i ka manure. He mea maʻalahi loa ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hua ma "Maentak" Matusevichy: "He 20 mau ʻeka o kā mākou ʻāina ponoʻī, hoʻolimalima mākou i 10 mau ʻeka. No laila, ua hoʻokaʻawale maikaʻi ʻia nā ʻāina āpau i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana like: ma kekahi e lūlū i ka palaoa, ma kekahi - kāpeti, a ma ke kolu - nā hua ʻōmaʻomaʻo (celery, parsley, dill, spinach). A i ka makahiki aʻe, ma kahi o ka ʻai, kanu mākou i ke kāpeti, ma kahi o ke kāpeti, nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a ma kahi o nā mea ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nā kīʻaha," wahi a ke poʻo o ka mahiʻai.
'Ōlelo pūʻo Sergei Korolev e pili ana i ka pono e hoʻololi i nā mea kanu. "He wahi mahiʻai liʻiliʻi kā mākou - he 120 mau ʻeka wale nō, no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻonohonoho i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka huaʻai piha - ʻaʻole ʻae ka wahi," i hoʻopiʻi ai ke poʻo agronomist o ka Farmers' Agro Union "No ka Motherland." — Hoʻomaʻamaʻa mākou
ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mea kanu e hōʻemi i nā pilikia maʻi." ʻAʻole ulu ka mahiʻai i nā kāloti a i ʻole nā mea kanu umbelliferous ʻē aʻe; no laila, ʻaʻohe mea hoʻoweliweli o ka lawe ʻana i ka cercospora blight, downy mildew a me ka pauka ma waena o nā mea kanu pili. Eia naʻe, aia ka bacteriosis ma nā māla, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopau piha i kēia pilikia, mihi ʻo Sergei Korolev. "ʻOiaʻiʻo, aia nā maʻi o nā maʻi like ʻole," wahi āna. "ʻO ia ka hakakā ʻana iā lākou e pono ai nā agronomists loea."
Manaʻo ʻo Andrey Ivashkin ʻo ke ana maikaʻi loa e pale aku ai i nā maʻi a me nā pests he pale. No ka laʻana, e ulu ana i nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā hybrids. Eia hou, hiki ke hoʻohana i nā hoʻomākaukau kūikawā i ka hua mua. Ma ke ala, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka celery
ʻO nā hoʻomākaukau like e like me nā kāloti i ʻae ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ka ʻāina o ka Russian Federation.
Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka pilikia nui o ka agronomist i ka wā e ulu ana i ka celery ʻo ia ka mālama ʻana i nā pōpoki e like me nā moth a me nā aphids. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hakakā iā lākou me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā insecticides a i ʻole nā ʻano biological - entomophages a i ʻole nā hoʻomākaukau kūikawā. I ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka celery e nā maʻi ma mua o nā pests. ʻO nā maʻi maʻamau o kēia mea kanu he septoria (pili i nā mea kanu nāwaliwali), cercospora, sclerotinia, rhizoctonia, a me fusarium. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua nui ka pōʻino i ka moʻomeheu petiole celery ma muli o ka phytoplasma aster yellowing (English: Aster Yellows (Phytoplasma), i lawe ʻia e nā inike omo, ʻo ia hoʻi ka lau lau ʻeono. o Rusia, ma ka hapa nui o ke kau waena o ke kauwela,
ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā mea kanu palaoa hoʻoilo, i ka wā e neʻe ai nā ʻōpala i hoʻopili ʻia i nā mea kanu mea kanu no ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, kahi e laha ai ka maʻi. Ma keʻano laulā, pono e uku ʻia ka nānā kūikawā i ka pale ʻana i ka celery mai nā maʻi a me nā pōpoki i mea e loaʻa ai kahi huahana hoʻokūkū o ka maikaʻi maikaʻi loa, wahi a Andrey Ivashkin.
Ka mea hele a puni
Ma ka hopena o 2018, 30 mau ʻano o ka lau a me ka petiole a me 31 mau ʻano o ka celery root i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka State Register of Breeding Achievements i ʻae ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma Rūsia. ʻO kēia nā ʻano nui o ka koho Dutch a me Rūsia. I ka manawa like, hoʻonui mau ʻia ka papa inoa me nā ʻano hou a me nā hybrids.
Manaʻo ʻo Andrey Ivashkin e uku ʻia ka nānā kūikawā i ke koho ʻana i nā hybrids kūpono a me nā ʻano like ʻole no kahi mahiʻai. Ma waena o nā koi nui no nā ʻano a me nā hybrids o ka petiole celery, kapa ʻo ia i ke kūʻē ʻana i nā maʻi a me ka pua, liʻiliʻi ka fiber (pono kēia no ka liʻiliʻi o nā petioles a paʻakikī). Ma ke ala, makemake nui nā mea kūʻai aku i nā petiole ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele, juicy a crispy.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻo Andrey Ivashkin e ʻoi aku ka kaulana o nā ʻano Dutch a me nā hybrids i waena o nā mea mahiʻai. "He nui nā kumu no kēia: ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hua, ʻoi aku ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi a ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ka wā oʻo," papa inoa ʻo ia. "A ʻo kekahi hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi o nā ʻano ʻano Dutch a me nā hybrids he helu liʻiliʻi o nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao a i ʻole ko lākou haʻalele piha ʻana a kūʻē i nā kūlana ʻino."
He mea pono e hoʻolohe i nā hua i hoʻoulu ʻia me kahi embryo ala - primed, wahi a ka loea. Ua ulu wikiwiki lākou - aia i ka lā 4 ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ko lākou koi ʻana i nā kūlana mālama (pono lākou e mālama ʻia ma kahi mahana ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 5 ° C) a ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ke ola - mai 3 a 6 mau mahina. "Ke kūʻai pinepine ʻia nei lākou e nā mea hana mahiʻai nui no ka mea ua hōʻoia ʻia lākou e ulu wikiwiki a me ka like, e hopena i kahi huahana homogeneous," wehewehe ʻo Andrey Ivashkin. "ʻAʻole makemake ka poʻe me nā wahi nui e lawe i nā pilikia, no laila makemake lākou e kūʻai i nā hua i hōʻoia ʻia." Hoʻomaopopo ka mea loea, e like me nā kūlana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka germination o nā hua ma luna o 70%, a no nā ʻano Dutch a me nā hybrids ʻaʻole maʻamau kēia helu ma lalo o 90-95%.
I kēlā me kēia hihia, pono e hāʻawi nā mea mahiʻai i ka makemake i nā ʻano zoned a me nā hybrids mai nā mea hoʻolako hilinaʻi i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka papa inoa, hoʻopau ka loea.
E huli i kāu mea kūʻai
I kēlā me kēia hana mahiʻai, ʻo ke kī ke ulu i nā huahana maikaʻi a hoʻonohonoho i kā lākou kūʻai. Wahi a nā poʻe kālepa, ʻaʻohe pilikia me ke kūʻai ʻana i ka celery i nā makahiki i hala. "Ua loaʻa iā mākou nā mea kūʻai aku no ka nui o nā huahana i hana ʻia," wahi a ke poʻo agronomist o ka Farmers' Agro Union "No ka Motherland." "ʻO kā mākou ʻohi mua mai 4 mau ʻeka ma kahi o 140 tons." ʻAʻole hana pololei ka mahiʻai me nā pūnaewele; kūʻai aku ia i ka nui holoʻokoʻa i nā mea kūʻai aku. "Ke hana nei kekahi o kā mākou mea kūʻai me nā hale kūʻai kaulahao, ʻo kekahi me nā hale ʻaina," wahi a Sergei Korolev. "ʻAʻole hiki iā mākou ke hana pololei me nā pūnaewele, no ka mea ʻaʻole mākaukau kā mākou mahiʻai liʻiliʻi e hāʻawi i ka logistic."
Ma ka Repubalika o Belarus, ua like ka hoʻokō. "I nā makahiki 1990 mua, kūʻai mākou i kā mākou huahana ma ka mākeke," i hoʻomanaʻo ai ʻo Vladimir Matusevich. "A i kēia manawa ke hana nei mākou me kahi mea kūʻai aku e kūʻai mai i nā huahana kau mai iā mākou, a i ka hoʻoilo e hāʻawi i nā huahana like mai nā ʻāina ʻē." Manaʻo ka mea mahiʻai: inā ʻike ka mea hana i kahi mākeke, a laila pono maoli ka ulu ʻana i ka celery. "Ke kūʻai aku nei mākou i kā mākou huahana no ka awelika o $ 0,5-1 i hoʻokahi kilokani," ʻoluʻolu ʻo Vladimir Matusevich. "Akā noʻu, ʻaʻole koʻikoʻi ka ʻāpana waiwai: loaʻa iaʻu ka ʻoluʻolu mai ka ulu ʻana i nā mea kanu like ʻole, a ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia," hoʻopau ʻo ia.
Manaʻoʻo Andrey Ivashkin e ulu wale ka kaulana o ka celery i waena o nā mea kūʻai. "Ua paʻa ke ʻano o ke ola olakino, a ʻo ka celery kekahi o nā meaʻai olakino e hiki ke loaʻa i nā meaʻai āpau," wahi āna. "He nui nā waiwai kūpono o kēia moʻomeheu a loaʻa nā huaora he nui, nā paʻakai mineral, nā aila pono, a me nā phytoncides." ʻOiai ka lōʻihi o ke olakino a me ka nani, e hoʻomau ka poʻe e kūʻai i ka celery, ʻaʻohe kānalua o ka loea.
Me ka hoʻokokoke kūpono i kēia mea kanu, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā kumukūʻai kūʻai nui ma ka mākeke, e pili ana i ka awelika hua o 40-70 t / ha a mahalo i ka piʻi mau ʻana o ka noi mai nā kaulahao kūʻai, hiki iā ʻoe ke hilinaʻi palekana i ka loaʻa kālā. petiole celery ma ke kiʻekiʻe o 50-100%, ma ke aʻa - ma ke kiʻekiʻe o 30-70%, hōʻuluʻulu ʻo Andrey Ivashkin