Wahi a nā poʻe loea mai ka Biologicals Industry Alliance (BPIA), ʻo nā biopesticides hou loa a me nā biostimulants nā lāʻau me ka hoʻemi hoʻemi o ka hoʻohana. ʻO ia ke kumu e ulu nei kēia ʻāpana o ka mākeke biologics i kahi wikiwiki.
ʻO ka BPIA i kēia lā kahi ulu ulu wikiwiki me nā lālā he 130 a ʻoi aku o nā ʻoihana like ʻole. Hoʻohui pū ka lālā o ka hui i nā mea kālepa ʻokoʻa hou a me nā ʻoihana nui honua. Ma 2017, ua hoʻoholo ʻo BPIA e hoʻokomo i nā biostimulants i kāna wahi hoihoi. He nui ka ʻike o ka BPIA me nā biopesticides, no laila ua hoʻoholo ka hoʻoholo e hoʻohuli i kā lākou nānā i ka mahele biostimulant.
Hoʻonui pālua
Kuhi ʻia ʻo Dunham Trimmer (ʻāpana o ka BRIA) i ke kumukūʻai o ka mākeke biostimulant honua ma mua o US $ 2,2 biliona. Wanana ʻo ia i ke kumukūʻai o kēia mākeke ma mua o US $ 5 biliona e 2025. Hoʻohui ʻia me ka mākeke honua no nā huahana biocontrol, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka waiwai o ka mākeke mea kanu i $ 8 biliona ma 2020 a me $ 16 biliona e 2025. ʻO ka nui o ka ulu makahiki o ka mahele huahana biostimulation i koho ʻia ma 13%. ʻOi aku kēia ma mua o ʻekolu mau manawa o ka ulu ulu o ka mākeke pale pale i 2017. Hoʻokele ʻia kēia hoʻōla ikaika e ka pono ākea e hoʻonui i ka hana ʻana i nā hua me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hana kūpaʻa me ka weliweli o ka nohona. ʻO ke ʻano nui o nā biostimulants i kēia mau loli i nā hana mahiʻai, e hoʻonui ana i ke kūpaʻa ʻana o nā mea kanu i ke koʻikoʻi abiotic ma lalo o nā kūlana ulu ʻino.
I kēia lā ʻo ʻEulopa ka moku kūʻai kūʻai nui biostimulant nui loa me nā loaʻa makahiki o ka US $ 1 biliona. ʻO kēia helu no kahi hapakolu o ka waiwai o ka mākeke honua. Ukali ʻia e nā ʻāpana o ʻAkau ʻAmelika Hema a me ka ʻĀpana ʻo ʻAsia a me ka Pākīpika, a ʻoi aku ka 20% o kēlā me kēia mākeke. Kuhi ʻia kēia kūlana pili i ka hoʻololi ʻole ma waena o kēia manawa a me 2025. Akā maopopo ia e ulu ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ʻo Latin America ma kēia ʻano ma mua o nā wahi ʻē aʻe, a, e like me nā wanana, pani koke i ke āpau o ke kūʻai aku me kāna mau mea hoʻokūkū. Ma o 2025, ʻoi aku paha ke kūʻai aku o nā meaola biostimulant ma nā wahi ʻehā i ka US $ 1 biliona.
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā biostimulants e manaʻo ʻia he kaulike hou aʻe ma waena o nā lālani a me nā mea kanu, a me nā hua. Ua hōʻike mua nā mea kanu lālani i ka ulu wikiwiki loa o kā lākou hoʻohana, ʻo ia hoʻi i ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻanoʻano. Kuhi ʻia nā kūʻai aku o nā biostimulants no nā mea kanu lālani ʻelua a me nā mea kanu hortikultural e ʻoi aku i ka US $ 2025 biliona ma kēlā me kēia ʻāpana e 2.
Kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe no ka pale ʻana
Hoʻohana nui ka mahiʻai mahiʻai i kēia manawa i nā huahana pale o nā mea kanu mai nā maʻi, nā mea kolo a me nā ʻano o ke kaiapuni. ʻO ka hapanui o lākou he kumu kūlohelohe a ʻaʻole i luku ʻia e nā ʻōnaehana enzymatic mea kanu a i ʻole nā hopena kino a me nā kemika. Ke alakaʻi nei kēia i kā lākou hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā hua i hōʻiliʻili ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi i ke kino o nā kānaka a me nā holoholona. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia ʻano hana ua hoʻoikaika i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā lāʻau e ʻae iā ʻoe e kiʻi i ka meaʻai maʻemaʻe a palekana loa.
Hōʻike nā noiʻi biochemical i ka mea kūʻokoʻa i synthesize i kā lākou pono ponoʻī i ka pane ʻana i nā kūlana kūlohelohe. Akā, ʻo ka wikiwiki o kā lākou hana a lawa ʻole paha ka helu. No laila, ʻo ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻia o ia mau mea mai nā mea maoli maoli a me kā lākou mālama ʻana i nā mea kanu hiki ke hoʻonui i ke kūpaʻa a hoʻonui i ka hana o nā mea kanu mahiʻai. Mai ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā biostimulants mua, e like me ka ʻōlelo a ka poʻe loea i ka biokimia, ua hoʻomaka kahi wā hou i ka mahiʻai.
ʻO Biostimulants kahi huahana hou, no laila ʻaʻole lawa ia "kākau" ʻia i loko o ka ʻōnaehana o nā huahana pale pale. ʻO ka mea mua i hoʻomaopopo ʻia e ka poʻe loea he mea nui e hoʻokaʻawale i nā biostimulants mai nā mineral a me nā microelement fertilizers o ka NPK + microelement type. Hana nā mea momona me nā micronutrients i nā mea kanu me ka pololei ʻole, e hāʻawi ana iā lākou me nā meaola kumu a me nā kumuwaiwai e pono ai no ka synthesity o nā amino acid. A he hopena pololei nā mea o nā biostimulants i nā mea kanu. ʻO ia, loaʻa i ka mea kanu nā amino acid mākaukau, me nā mea nui, me ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻana i ka ikehu i ka synthesi. I ka manawa like, ʻemi loa ʻia nā amino acid a me nā mea ola biologically o ka mea kanu e nā mea kanu, hoʻopili ikaika i kā lākou metabolism, a hana i kahi mālama no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā protein a me nā ʻōnaehana enzyme.
Palekana nā meaolaola biostimulants o nā mea kanu i nā mea kanu, ʻo ia hoʻi, inā he overdose, ʻaʻole wela nā mahana wela i nā wela a ʻaʻohe hopena maikaʻi ʻole. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā biostimulants i hui pū ʻia me nā mea momona mineral e hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai a me nā micronutrients e lilo i kekahi o nā ʻano hana maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke aupuni meaʻai o nā mea kanu mahiʻai.
Kaha i ka palena
E like me kekahi huahana hou, pono e "kākau" ʻia nā meaolaolaola i loko o ka ʻōnaehana loio a me ka hana hoʻoponopono o ka noi. ʻO nā hui lālā BPIA, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka ʻoihana biostimulant, ua hoʻokokoke aku i ka US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) no ke alakaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o nā biostimulants a me nā mea hoʻokele ulu mea kanu. I Nowemapa 2018, ua hoʻomākaukau ka EPA a waiho i ke aupuni US i kahi palapala kikoʻī i kapa ʻia ʻo “Plant Biostimulant Alakaʻi: Nā Pono Labeling i hoʻoponopono ʻia e FIFRA.
Ke hana pū nei ka hui me ka US Congress e legitimize biostimulants ma ke ʻano he mahele kūikawā o nā kumuwaiwai mahiʻai. ʻOiai ua wehewehe ʻia nā ʻano meaʻai e like me "nā mea a i ʻole nā microorganism e, ke hoʻopili ʻia i nā ʻanoʻano a me nā mea kanu, hoʻoulu i ka omo maoli ʻana o nā meaola." ʻO ke kaulike, "hoʻolaha kēia mau lāʻau i ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ke koʻikoʻi abiotic a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi a me ka hana ʻana o nā mea kanu." Ua hoihoi ʻo BPIA i ka hoihoi nui mai nā mea kūʻai mai biostimulant hiki ke noi ʻia i ka United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) e ʻae i ka noiʻi e ʻike i nā ala kūpono o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka mākeke biostimulant. Ua hoʻomaka ʻia e mālama i nā hopena o kēia mau hana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hoʻololi i ke kānāwai mahiʻai.
Ke ulu mau nei ka laulā o nā meaolaolaolaola. Hoʻomākaukau ʻia kēia mau mea no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā ʻanoʻano, ke aʻa a me ka foliar fertilizing o nā mea kanu mahiʻai, i loaʻa nā meaola biologically: amino acid, humic and fulvic acid, vitamins, phytohormones, peptides, proteins, enzymes, polysaccharides a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe, e like me nā kumuwaiwai.
Ua manaʻoʻiʻo nō kekahi poʻe loea Lūkia o ka Bioindustry a me Bioresource Technology Platform (BioTech-2030) ʻo kekahi o nā pilikia nui loa no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana biostimulant honua ʻo ia ka wahi hoʻokele i maopopo ʻole i kekahi mau wahi ʻāina. Akā ʻaʻole ia he mea paʻakikī a hoʻoholo ʻia i kēia mua aku.
ʻO Biostimulants a me nā pesticides
ʻO ka hana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā biostimulants ua hōʻike ʻia ʻaʻole maʻalahi loa ka hoʻohana pū ʻia i loko o kahi pahu pahu me nā pesticides. Hiki i ka biostimulant ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana o ka pesticide ma o ka mālama ʻana i ka mea hana ma ka lau lau ma o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā microcolloids polysaccharide a i ʻole ka uku ionic. Eia hou, hiki i nā huahana humic acid ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka lawe ʻana i nā mea hana a me nā mineral.
Akā ʻaʻole hoʻomaikaʻi mau nā biostimulants i ka hopena o nā pesticides, i kekahi manawa ʻaʻohe paha kahi hopena koʻikoʻi a hoʻoliʻiliʻi paha i ka maikaʻi o nā pesticides. Pili nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole me ka ua o ka pesticidal ʻae hana mai ka hopena a me ka hopena antagonistic. ʻO kekahi pilina maikaʻi ʻole ka hopena antioxidant ma ka ʻaoʻao lau i ka manawa o ke komo o nā pathogens, ke hana ka mea kanu i nā ʻano oxygen reactive e kaua i ka hoʻouka. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻokaʻawale nā poʻe loea i kēia mau hopena maikaʻi ʻole ma ke ʻano he kūpono a paipai, no ka hilinaʻi piha, e hoʻokaʻawale i nā lāʻau i mea e hoʻopau loa ai i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole.
ʻO ka hopena maoli o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā biostimulants ua ʻoi aku i ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka hopena. No laila, ua hōʻike ʻia nā hoʻokolohua i ka 2014-2015 i nā ʻoihana mahiʻai Lūkia i hōʻike i ka hua o nā palaoa hoʻokolohua o ka palaoa puna i mālama ʻia me nā stimulants ulu i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka papa mālama me ka ʻole o ka mālama ʻia e 25%. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā biostimulants i ka mahi ʻana o ka pulupulu e hōʻoia i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka ʻāpana lau a kokoke i 2 mau manawa (e 94,3%). Ma nā mea kanu i mālama ʻia, ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā hōʻailona o nā maʻi fungal a me nā maʻi koʻohune, a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā heluna lehulehu o nā meaola pepeke. ʻO ke keʻena hoʻokolohua a me nā ʻoihana ʻenehana o ka stimulant ulu i hōʻike i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka hua ma nā cereal, nā legume a me nā mea kanu mai 13 a 30%.
ʻO nā hopena kūpono maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā biostimulants ulu ulu ka mea nui i hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia e nā mahiʻai a me nā mahiʻai mahiʻai a puni ka honua.
ʻO Vladimir Frantskevich
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