Ua kūkākūkā nui ʻia kēia kumuhana i ka nūpepa, ʻoiai ke kū nei nā mea a pau i kēia pilikia i ka wā e hoʻohana ai nā pesticides. Lunahooponopono ʻAukake Ma ke kālepa a me ke kūʻai aku, lawe ʻo Mikhail Evgenievich Danilov i ka hoʻopuka ʻo ka hoʻonaʻauao ʻana i loko o kona mau lima ponoʻī a kākau i kahi loiloi kikoʻī o nā mea e pili ana i ka pono o nā lāʻau lapaʻau. I kēiaʻatikala, hoʻomaka mākou e hoʻolauna iā ʻoe iā ia.
Eia naʻe, i kekahi manawa pilikia mākou me ka hoʻopiʻi e pili ana i ka hopena o kā mākou mau lāʻau. A e waiho i kahi limahana o kekahi hui multinational ʻē loa i hana ʻia o nā pesticides a / a i ʻole agrochemical e kiola i ka pōhaku iaʻu, nona ka inoa nui e hiki ai ke pale iā ia i nā koi. ʻO nā mea e hoʻopiʻi pinepine ʻia i ke ʻano o nā huahana i hoʻohana ʻia.
ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o mākou ke komo ʻole i loko o kahi kūkākūkā o kēia kumuhana palupalu, akā ke kūkulu wale nei i ka mea pale i nā hōʻalulu nani i ka wehewehe ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau, e like me ke ʻano maʻamau no kekahi mau ʻoihana i lilo i poʻe loiloi i nā loina miliona miliona e nā poʻe mea hoʻohana (pono pono lākou e ʻōlelo ʻoi mau lākou i nā poʻe i ʻike ʻia) . ^ E Ha yM. Kekahi mea e hōʻike i ka hōʻike o kekahi o nā mea hana nui o nā mea pesticides. Quote mai kāna paena inoa:
"Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia mau ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo i kā mākou ʻike o kēia manawa a kūlike me nā lula i ʻae ʻia e nā luna hoʻopaʻa inoa. ʻAʻole lākou e hoʻokuʻu i ka mea hoʻohana mai kāna loiloi ponoʻī a lawe i ka helu i nā helu he nui e hoʻoholo ai i ka hoʻohana ʻana o <...> kā mākou hoʻomākaukau <...> kuleana no <...> ka mālama pono ʻana i nā koina o ka ʻenehana a me nā rula e pili ana i nā mea mahiʻai <…> Mai kā mākou ʻaoʻao, wehe mākou i kekahi a i ʻole ke kuleana no nā hopena i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka lāʻau.
Nā ʻano kumu ʻē aʻe ma muli o nā kūlana kūloko a kūloko paha e pili ana i ka hopena o ka lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO ka mea mua, he mau kau a me nā kūlana ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ka kiko o ke ʻano, ka rotation hua, ke ʻoki ʻana, ka wā hoʻokaʻina, nā kumukūʻai me nā māla a me nā hoʻomākaukau ʻē aʻe (ʻaʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia i loko o kā mākou mau ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo) manuahi ʻōnaehana ʻona ʻē aʻe), kūpono ʻole a / a me ke ʻano unregulated no ka hoʻohana, a me ka mea hou aʻe. I lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole i lawe ʻole ʻia e nā mea hoʻohana, ʻaʻohe mea hiki ke haʻalele i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hopena o ka lāʻau lapaʻau a hōʻino paha i nā mea kanu mea kanu, no nā hopena o kā mākou a me kā mākou mea kūʻai i kuleana e paʻa ai.
ʻO nā mea āpau i kākau ʻia, ma ka laulā, i ʻōlelo pololei. Me kaʻu e ʻōlelo aku nei ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻōlelo he nīnau a ʻAukake i pili i ka pili ʻana i nā ʻano kūwaho o ka maikaʻi o kā mākou huahana. ʻAʻole haʻaheo ka ʻoihana o nā ʻoihana hou a me nā mea i hana me kahi ʻepekema kūmole hou. Ua wehe mākou i ke kanu kolu i ke kauwela o 2019 a hauʻoli mākou e kono i kā mākou mau hoa ma laila. Ua wehe ʻia ka hapahā (i ke kūkulu ʻana o nā mea ikaika) i Pōʻalua ma 2020 i loko o ka moku ʻo Hubei, he mea kaulana loa no kākou a pau. No nā kumu ʻike, pono ke pani ʻia ʻana ka mana koho.
KA MANAO O KAHOLO MAKEA
A pili nā ʻōlelo e pili ana i ka hana a ka ʻoihana pale e pili pono ana me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i ke kūlana i hōʻike ʻia ma ka ʻōlelo aʻe ma luna. "ʻO ka helu loiloi a me ka helu helu ʻana i nā mea nui e hoʻoholo ai i ka hoʻohana ʻana o kā mākou lāʻau", mai a "Mai hoʻokuʻu i ka mea hoʻohana", ua make kēia mea hoʻohana (e like me ka haʻi ʻana o Winnie the Pooh, ka mea, "ma ka ʻaoʻao nui, he maikaʻi, akā pipili").
ʻAʻole hiki ke hōʻike i kekahi mau manawa i nā kumu kūpono i nā mea hoʻolaha. I nā haʻawina a me nā hōʻike, ʻaʻole hiki nō ke ʻano pinepine ʻia i ka manaʻo ʻana. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, e like me kā Kozma Prutkov i ʻōlelo ai, "he like me ka flx: kona piha piha." "Kūpehu ʻia ka maka o ke kanaka loea"; ʻo ka nānā ʻana i nā mea i kūlike a hoʻomaopopo ʻia hoʻi ʻaʻole ia e noʻonoʻo mau. A no kahi kanaka maʻamau, ʻo kēia mau manawa "ʻike" e like me ka terra incognita kūlike.
ʻO kahi laʻana, ua kākau mākou e hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau i loko o ke ana wela o 15 - 25 ° C. Ua hoʻokuʻu kūʻokoʻa iā mākou iho mai ke kuleana inā i hoʻohana ʻia kā mākou huahana i kahi mahana he kanakolu kekelē. A ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole maikaʻi e hoʻokō i nā mālama ʻana i ke anuanu a me ke anuanu. Akā ʻaʻole maikaʻi kekahi manawa, akā pono ia. A pono e wehewehe ʻia i ka mea kūʻai aku ma nā hihia ʻaʻole maikaʻi a pono ʻole ia, a ʻaʻole maikaʻi ia, akā inā he kūpono loa ia, a laila hiki nō.
15 KAUKU
E hele mākou, e wehe ai i nā mea i hōʻike ʻia i loko o nā lau i kākau inoa ʻia a me nā palapala kākau inoa, e hele i nā mea o waho e hiki ke hōʻole i ka hopena o ka huahana kiʻekiʻe. Kuhi mākou i ke ala o kā mākou lāʻau mai ka mea kanu a hiki i ka hopena. A e hoʻāʻo mākou e maopopo i nā mea i hiki ke "alakaʻi iā ia".
ʻO kēia mau mea e komo pū ana:
- Ke kūlana hoʻokele a me ka waiho ʻana.
- ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka wai i hoʻohanaʻia e hoʻomākaukau ai i ka hoʻonā hana (pH, turbidity, ka hui pūʻana i nā paʻakai i hoʻoneʻe ʻia, mahana).
- ʻO nā kūlana o ka wā i ka manawa o ka noi a ma mua a ma hope o ke noi ʻana (ke ana a me ka haʻalulu, ka makani, ke ʻano o ka mahana, hoʻāloi ʻia ma mua a ma hope o ka pīpī ʻana).
- ʻO nā mea hoʻolale hoʻohana, nā ʻano o nā mea hoʻokiʻoki a me nā hana hana sprayer (ka helu o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hopena hana, ka nui o nā hōkeo, ka nui o nā hāʻule o kēlā me kēia ʻāpana o ka mea kanu i mālama ʻia a me ka hopena o kēia uila ma ka pūnaehana / hoʻopili pesticides).
- ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona lepo (hele a i ʻole hemahema o nā mea kanu a me nā ʻōpala ma luna o ia, ʻōnaehana lepo a me ka lepo, hoʻohuihui ka lepo i nā waiwai paʻakikī.
- ʻO nā hana Agrotechnical o ka mahiʻai a me nā mea kanu i hoʻohana ʻia i ka wā ulu.
- ʻO ke kiko o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mauʻu a me ko lākou kūlana.
- ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka moʻomeheu, kona kūlana a me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻano varietal.
- ʻO ka pae o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka maʻi.
- ʻO ka papa o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka pīpī.
- ʻO ka heleʻana o nā biotypes kūlepili o nā nāhelehele, nā pōpoki a me nā maʻi, ke alahā ʻana o nā pesticides me nā ʻano hana like ʻole e hana ai i ka hōʻemi o nā ʻano kūpaʻa maʻamau.
- Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano wai o nā pesticides, agrochemical (physico-chemical a me ka koi kūlohelohe).
- Nā hopena o nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā palena ʻoki lāʻau.
- Ke noʻonoʻo nei i nā kikoʻī o ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana i nā mea ikaika (ma aneʻi - D.V.) i nā ʻāina ʻokoʻa a me nā ʻano o ka pae kiʻekiʻe e ʻae ʻia nā pae i koe o D.V. i ka hana.
- A ʻo kekahi mea ʻē aʻe ua poina iaʻu e haʻi aku - a no laila e kākau, e noʻonoʻo mākou i nā mea o hope.
NO KA HALIA A E PILI
Akā e hoʻomaka mākou ʻaʻole me nā kumu o waho, akā me nā mea i loko - me ka hoʻopulapula a me ka pepa. I mea e maopopo ai i ke ʻano o ka hoʻopulapula, he mea kūpono ke kipa aku i kekahi o nā ʻāpana Augustus, eia kahi moʻolelo he kumu ʻole, kūpono no ka ʻike ma ka manawa hoʻokahi. Eia kekahi, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia i ka wā o ka holo o kēlā me kēia batch, lawe ʻia ka hoʻokūkū a me nā mea hoʻohālike, i mālama ʻia ma ka hale hana, a ma ia manawa e hiki mau ai ke hōʻoia i ka paʻa o ka lāʻau lapaʻau me nā kūlana ʻenehana.
E like me ka pauku, i ka hui ʻo ʻAukake ma nā hale waiwai a pau mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 2020 ka hōʻailona ʻana o kēlā me kēia kikowaena kikowaena (canister, Bottle, package) a me kahi pāʻina lā kūʻokoʻa i hoʻolauna ʻia. E pili ana i nā huahana loea. No ka hoʻomākaukau no ka poʻe noho o ke kauwela (LPH), hoʻohana mākou i kahi hōʻailona ʻokoʻa. A i kēia manawa, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka palapala kele pūnaewele ʻo August Checker, hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻoia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o kā mākou huahana. ʻO ka papahana "ʻAukake AgroMarker" a me "ʻAukake AgroSklad" e ʻae i ka nānā ʻana i ka hoʻopuka ʻana o nā huahana a me ka hoʻi ʻana mai o nā puhaka ʻole i loko o nā hale kūʻai o kā mākou mea kūʻai.
Aia i kahi like a like paha kahi hōʻailona o nā huahana o nā huahana ʻē aʻe. Ua hana ʻo ʻAukake i ka hoʻolālā e hana i kahi ʻano kuʻina no ka hōʻailona ʻana a me ka lako polokalamu no ka ʻoihana pesticide manufacturing Manaʻo mākou e lilo ia.
No laila mākou e noʻonoʻo ai ma ka laulima holoʻokoʻa o ka holo ʻana o kā mākou huahana e kamaʻilio nei mākou i kahi kūlana kiʻekiʻe a me nā huahana kumu mua, ʻaʻole nā mea hoʻopunipuni.
TRANSPORT MA KA AUKU WAHI
Hiki ke piʻi mai nā pilikia ma ke ala mai ka hale kūʻai o ʻAukake a i ke kahua o nā mea kūʻai aku a ke mālama ʻia nei ma luna. Hoʻopili ʻia lākou, ʻo ka mea mua, me ka mahana. Loaʻa i nā pesticides kekahi i nā wela wela. ʻO kekahi (no ka laʻana, ʻo Tornadoes) e pani maoli i loko o nā wahi ākea o ko mākou home, a laila kaalo a me ka pau ʻole o ka hana pono. No laila, hiki ke halihali ʻia a mālama ʻia ma kahi anana ākea ākea. A aia he mau lāʻau me kahi mea i hikiʻole ai kēia kiko: pono ke mālama ʻia lākou i nā kūlana o nā ʻano hoʻohuhina wale nō.
Hōʻike e noʻonoʻo pono i kēia. Ua ʻike nā mea hana a pau i kēia mau hiʻohiʻona a hāʻawi i nā noi ʻana i ka wela o ka mālama ʻana. Eia kekahi, e hōʻike mau ʻia kēlā ʻikepili i ka lepili. Inā like nā kūlana o ka wā i loaʻa ia ʻoe ke koena o nā huahana hōʻoluʻolu wela, e noʻonoʻo e neʻe iā lākou i kahi hale lole i hilo no ka hoʻoilo. Inā ma muli o ka nānā ʻana a i ʻole nā kūlana ʻē aʻe, ua mālama ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā kūlana kūpono ʻole - e nānā ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana me ke kōkua o ka mea hana like. ʻAʻole hiki iā ia ke loiloi wale i ka ʻike o D.V. akā hiki iā ia ke hoʻoholo i ke ʻano o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana e nā mea ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka hopena o ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
KOKOLELO KOKOHE
E hoʻomanaʻo mākou i kahi laina maikaʻi loa mai ke mele i nā paukū a Leonid Derbenev - “ʻAʻole make ka pia i ka poʻe, luku ka wai i ka poʻe”. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole paha e manaʻo kekahi ke hana i kahi hana e hoʻohālikelike ai i ka pia, akā, ʻo ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana ma ka waihona o ka wai, me ka loiloi ʻana i kona ʻano, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ke kūlana maʻamau.
A inā e ʻōlelo mākou e loiloi i ka hana pono ʻana o nā pesticides e like me ka papa hana loiloi kumu, pono ia kahi hoʻokolohua pākahi hana, a laila hoʻomanaʻo pinepine iā mākou ka maikaʻi o ka wai no ke ʻano kekahi o nā hana hana.
He wai ke?
He nīnau pinepine mākou i nā nīnau e pili ana i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka hui piha ʻana o ka tank. Ua nīnau lākou he aha nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻohui pū ʻia i loko o nā kumuhana biology, physico-chemical indicator, etc. Akā, e poina iā lākou ka wai nona. E like me ka maʻalahi o ka nīnau: i ke mahana o 0 i 100 ° C, he wai kahe a wailana, kēlā me kēia molaki ke ana o ʻelua mau mololi hydrogen a hoʻokahi - oxygen, ʻo ia, N2H. Akā, ʻo ka wai mākou e hoʻohana ai i ke ola, ʻo ka inu ʻawa hoʻi, ma ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻenekona, mai kahi mai ka ʻike i ke ʻano kino, ʻaʻole i ka wai. Ma ka hihia maikaʻi loa, ʻo kēia kahi pahu i mākaukau mākona hana ʻano o nā ʻano paʻakai a me nā ʻenaea, a ʻo ka mea hewa loa, he hopena me kahi hoʻokumu ʻana o nā ʻano pakanā a me nā emulsions. ʻOiai no ka inu ʻana i ka wai, e like me ke ʻano o nā ʻano o SanPiN e pili ana, hiki ke loaʻa i ka minuke holoʻokoʻa a hiki i ka 1 g / l. ʻO kēia ka mea o ka 100 l o ia wai e hiki ke loaʻa a hiki i 100 g o nā pāmiha like ʻole. He aha kā mākou e ʻōlelo ai e pili ana i ka wai hiki ʻole i ka wai!
No kēia 'tank tank' ia, i ka 100 l ka mea i loaʻa mai nā haneli he mau haneli o ka nui o nā mea like ʻole a pau ʻole, i kekahi manawa a mākou e hoʻohui pū ai i nā mea momona i loko o ke ʻano o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻano hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā kūlana o ka maʻemaʻe. A laila ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke hoʻomaopopo: he aha ke ʻano o kēia hoʻomākaukau? Ana e hana, ʻaʻole e holo ana. Me he mea lā ka pāʻina o kekahi, a ʻaihue ʻole ia iā lākou ma ke ala, a mālama pono ia, akā ʻo ka hopena mai loko aʻe ia ma luna o kēia mahina, akā ma ka ʻokoʻa he ʻumi mau mile ka maikaʻi. ʻOiai ke hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā lāʻau like ʻole a me nā nāhelehele, ma lalo o nā kūlana like o ka wā, nā sprayers, nā mea hoʻouluulu a me nā ʻano. A maʻalahi ka mea huna - "ʻaʻole ka pia ka mea pepehi i ka poʻe, pepehi nā wai i ka poʻe» (ʻo ka launa pū ʻana o ka pia, ʻoiaʻiʻo, akā ʻoi aku kēia ma hope o ke kūpaʻa o kēia ʻatikala). ʻAʻole hana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka mea ua loaʻa nā kikoʻī o nā kīnā kikoʻī i kā mākou wai maoli i ka hopena catastrophic i kona kūpono.
He aha nā ʻano wai e pono ai iaʻu e nānā?
Pau nā paʻakai
ʻO ka mea nui e pili ana i nā paʻakaha paʻakikī - calcium a me ka konane.
ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka kemana a i ʻole mau no ka wai artesian, no laila inā hoʻoholo ʻoe iā ia i loko o kahi keʻena loea, hiki iā ʻoe ke noʻonoʻo i kēia loiloi i mau makahiki he nui. A ma ke kumu e hoʻoholo ai: e hoʻoponopono i kāu wai a i ʻole.
Inā ʻoe e hoʻohana i ka wai mai nā kumu wai mai a i nā luawai paha, ʻo ka loiloi i hana ʻia i kekahi mau lā i hala aku nei e lilo i mea waiwai pono. A ʻaʻohe mea e pili ana i ka ʻano aniani o kāu wai.
No ka hoʻoholo o ka hana ʻana i ka paʻakikī o ka wai, hiki i kekahi ke hoʻohana i kahi kuhikuhi kūleʻa e like me ke ʻano o kāna hana uila, kahi e maʻalahi ai ke ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mita conductivity. Stоʻo ia kēia hāmeʻa i kahi mana lawe lima 50 - 100 kālā ma kēlā me kēia ʻāpana, ke kaukaʻi ʻia i ka ikaika a me ka "coolness» nā hiʻohiʻona. Kēia mea pono e pono ai i loko o nā agronomist e mālama pono i nā mea a pau. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o nā Cond kondom, akā pili ākea lākou e hāʻule koke. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka mana o kou wai ma mua o 500 microsiemens / cm, hiki iā ʻoe ke noʻonoʻo pono ʻia ia no ka hoʻōla ʻana i nā huaʻōlelo.
Inā kiʻekiʻe aʻe kēia waiwai (a makemake paha ʻoe e pāʻani palekana a hoʻonui i ka pono o nā huahana), a laila no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā hoʻonā o nā pesticides mai d. kahua e pili ana i ka wai paʻakū a me nā wai ʻona paha, pono ke hoʻoponopono ʻia ka wai. Eia ka papa inoa o d.v. a me kekahi mau inoa kālepa no ka lāʻau lapaʻau Augusta» (Pili i kēia mea i nā huahana o kona hoʻokūkū).
- 2,4-D (Biolan Super)
- Aminopyralide
- Acifluorfen
- Bentazone (Corsair, Corsair Super)
- Glyphosate (Tornado, Tornado 500, Tornado 540)
- Hoʻolauleʻa
- Dikamba (Deimos, Biolan Super, Dublon Super)
- Imazamox, imazapir, imazethapyr (Paradox, Corsair Super, Kāleka, Fabian)
- Quinchlorac
- Quinmerac (Hui Pūnaewele)
- Kletodim (Kahea Puhi, Kvikstep)
- Clopyralide (Galion, Hacker)
- MCPA (Herbitox, Herbitox-L, Gorgon)
- Picloram (Galion, Gorgon, Ballerina Forte)
- ʻO Setoxidim
- Tepraloxydim
- Tralkoxide
Nā wai ʻona like ʻole e pili ana i ka orthophosphoric, oxalic, citric acid no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka wai.he wai, hōʻoluʻolu a hoʻohui pū me nā hōʻailona hōʻailona. Ma ʻAukake» aia ma laila ke ea ʻoihana ea - he Soylent kēia. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana hou i ka molekela ameka, akā ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hana pū me ia, ʻoi aku inā ʻaʻohe ʻalima.
Pono e noʻonoʻo i ka Soylent paʻa i ka pāpā no ka fungicide Idol (tribasic copper sulfate, 345 g / l). Heʻoiaʻiʻo kēia ʻōlelo no ka hapa nui o nā ea me ka mahalo i nā fungicides paʻakai keleawe.
E hoʻomaopopo hoʻi, i ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā paʻakai paʻakikī, hiki i ka nui o ka paʻakai kahe ʻana ma ka wai. A ma muli o kā mākou hana, ʻike nā wai artesian me nā mea e pili ana i ka sodium chloride, sulfate a me ka bicarbonate i ʻike maʻalahi ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana iā lākou e like me ka minerale. A ʻoiai ʻaʻole i koʻikoʻi ka ʻike o ka calcium a me ka magnesium i loko o lākou, hiki i ka wai paʻakai ke waiho i ke ʻano uila no kekahi mau tausani microsiemens / cm. A me ia pū kekahi, hiki ke piʻi aʻe nā ʻano pilikia a pau loa. ʻOiai ka paʻakai (a ʻoi ʻole ka paʻakikī) nā ka wai e contraindicated i ke ʻano o ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā emulsions a me nā pohā. A me nā ʻōmele wai hoʻomau wai (i loaʻa i ka nui o nā lāʻau lapaʻau ke ʻano) i loko o ka wai i hiki ʻole ke ʻano heʻuʻala ʻole loa. No laila, ʻoi aku ka pololei me ka wai paʻakai, no ka mea, me ka hoʻopili ʻole ʻana me ka wai, hiki iā ia ke pili hou i ka kūpaʻa a me ka hana ʻana o nā emulsions a me nā pohō.
ʻO ka'āpono
E paʻa i ka acidity, a i ka pH paha, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pepa kuhikuhi (me ka palena haʻahaʻa loa) a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mita pH portable, e like me ka mita conductivity portable, pono ia e mālama pono. ʻAʻole maikaʻi loa ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia polokalamu ma kahi kahua hoʻomoana.
No ka hapanui o nā pesticides, e pili ana i ko lākou kūpaʻa i ka hopena hana a me ko lākou hopena, maikaʻi ke loaʻa kahi hopena hana acidic iki. ʻO kēia ke kumu, ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi, i ka instability o ka hapanui o d.v. i ka hydrolysis alkaline, a ma ka mea ʻē aʻe - me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka pāpāho acidic hiki ke hoʻonui i ke komo maikaʻi ʻana o D. ma o ka cuticle o nā mea kanu. Hoʻopaʻa ka lepo a me nā mea hoʻopili like i ka paʻakai paʻakai a acidify i ka hopena hana, no laila hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka manawa like e palupalu i ka wai a me acidify iā ia. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka wai kūlohelohe, me nā ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe (nā wai bog, ʻo kahi laʻana), he hopena alkaline (ma muli o ka sodium, calcium a me ka magnesium bicarbonates i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko). A ʻaʻole koi ʻia kahi mika pH e pono ai ka mālama maʻalahi.
Ma ke kānāwai, inā he haʻahaʻa ka pono o kou wai (ʻoiai pau ka 500 /S / cm), a ʻaʻole nui ka pH i kahi waiwai mai ka palena waiwai (ʻaʻole nui loa i ka 7), a laila no ka hapanui o nā lāʻau, ka acidization o ka wai, ʻaʻole ia he makemake nui, ʻoiai naʻe, ʻaʻole pono e ʻeha nō ia. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa eia nā fungicides e pili ana i ka paʻakai keleawe a, i kekahi nui, hoʻomākaukau ʻana e pili ana i ka sulfonylureas, ka mea e hiki ke komo i ka waikawa ma mua o ka alkoline hydrolysis, no laila ʻaʻole kūlohelohe i ka hopena acidic ma mua o ka alkaline.
Akā, eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau kenekulia d, no kahi acidification o ka hopena hana i kahi pH o 5 - 6 makemake nui ʻia. I kekahi manawa, ma muli o ke aniau, pono e haʻalele i ka hopena hana i ka mea sprayer a i ʻole i ka wae hoʻonā. Kākau kekahi mau mea hana (ʻinikua e kūʻē i nā kuleana kūpono) i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e kū koke ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka hopena hana ma hope o kona hoʻomākaukau. Akā, e like me kā Goethe ʻōlelo: "ua maloʻo ke kumumanaʻo, e kuʻu hoaaloha, a he ʻōmaʻomaʻo nani ka lāʻau o ke ola»... No laila, ʻaʻole no nā theorists, akā no nā mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa, e noʻonoʻo nei i ka hanohano o ke ola maoli, hāʻawi mākou i kahi papa inoa o D.V no ka wai me kahi ʻano alkaline (PH> 7) makemake nui ʻole ʻia. ʻOi loa i ke kūlana i hōʻike ʻia aʻe nei, ke kū aʻe nā pilikia me ka hoʻohana koke ʻana i ka hopena hana ma hope o ka hoʻomākaukau. A me nā hui wai pū me nā ʻākena alkaline (ʻo kahi laʻana, e like me ka sodium a i ʻole ka potassium humates, hiki i ka pH ke hōʻea i 9-10) no kēia mau mea. ua hoʻokūkū ʻia kekahi.
Eia ka papa inoa o dv i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o Augusta»hiki i ka hydrolysis alkaline, kahi e hana ai ka hopena hana e pili ana i ka wai me kahi pH alkaline e pono ai ka acidification (e hoʻohana i ka Soylent like).
koi ʻia ana: Desmedifam (Biceps 22, Biceps Garant), fenmedifam (Biceps 22, Biceps Garant), me ia nā FOPs - fenoxaprop-P-ethyl (Lastik 100, Lastik Top, Lastik-Extra), Clodinafop-propargil (Lastik Top), halox R-methyl (Quickstep), chizalofop-P-ethyl (Miura) a me ka malathion (Aliot);
makemake makemake ia: dimethoate (Cirocco); pyrethroids - alpha-cypermethrin (Borey Neo), lambda-cygalothrin (Break, Borey), cypermethrin (Shar Pei), esfenvalerate (Senpai), a me ka chlorpyrifos (Tyra) a me ka cymoxanil (Ordan).
Pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia he ʻano ʻoi aku ka nui o ka papa hoʻomākaukau ma mua o ka D.V., a no laila no nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā kekahi mau ʻōlelo kūpono.
ʻO ka nīnau i ulu pinepine ʻia: he aha e hana ai i ka tank mixtures o nā lāʻau o ka hui betanal a me ka triflusulfuron methyl? I kēia hihia, koho mākou i ka ʻaoʻao o ka mokupuni e ʻoluʻolu loa i ka decompos. Sulfonylureas e ʻae i ka wai waikawa ma mua o ka desmedifam a me ka phenmedifam - alkaline hydrolysis. Ka hana ʻana - a ʻaʻole e hoʻopilikia ʻia e nā kānalua.
Kaʻawuhiwa
Hiki ke hūnā ka wai ma muli o nā ʻano hana hoʻokaʻawale ʻē aʻe, kūlohelohe a anorganic. Ka hopena maikaʻi loa o ka lepo a me ka pālolo i ka mea kūlohelohe, kahi nui o ka coefficient carbon carbon / water partition (English ʻōlelo KOC). ʻOi aku ka nui o kēia ʻāpana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka waihona me ka ʻuʻina ʻana. I ka wai lepo, eia ka d. mai ka hana ikaika
Ke ana ʻia ka waiwai CBS i loko o nā ʻumi tausani (glyphosate) a i ʻole miliona (diquat) wae, he hōʻailona ia e noʻonoʻo pono e pili ana i ka ʻino o kou wai. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo ke ana ʻana iā ia me nā mea kani a me ka hoʻoholo ʻana i kāna kūlohelohe kahi hana ia no ka noʻonoʻo noʻonoʻo nui, e koi ana i nā mea hana paʻakikī. No laila, ua haku ka ʻAmelika i ko lākou manawa i kahi hana i loaʻa ai iā lākou he 25 keneta wale nō, a ma ke kumukūʻai o kēia lā aia ma kahi o 20 rubles. Ua hoʻomaikaʻi wau i kēia hana, a ma nā wahi ākea Lūkia e uku ʻia ʻoe ma kahi o 10 mau manawa ke kūʻai ʻia - 2 rubles wale nō. Lawe i kahi kālā ʻelua-ruble, hoʻolei iā ia i loko o kahi pākeke wai piha (10-12 liters), a inā ʻoe e ʻike ia ma lalo, a laila ua manaʻo ʻia kēlā wai e kūpono i nā ʻano o ka turbidity. A inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻike i kahi kālā ʻelima mau ruble (ʻoiai ʻaʻole maʻamau kēia), uē kāu kālā. E nānā i kahi kumu wai ʻē aʻe e hoʻomākaukau i ka hopena hana.
Pono ka pīhoihoi a me ka glyphosate i ka wai lepo, ʻaʻole lākou i makemake i ka oxygenfluorfen a me ka pendimethalin. ʻAe, no nā poʻe dvs ʻē aʻe, noi wau i ka nānā ʻana i ka pūnaewele popopala.ru a e nānā i ka papaʻaina» ʻO ke kumukūʻai kūikawā o CBS no ka ingake āu e makemake ai. Inā kūlike kēlā i ka waiwai i ʻōlelo ʻia “ʻaʻole e neʻe», kēia kumu - ua hoʻopiʻi nui ʻia ka wai anuu no kāu hoʻomākaukau.
Температура
ʻO ka hapanui pinepine ka hopena me ka wai anu - ʻaʻole like ka pau ʻana i nā palapala āpau. Ke alakaʻi nei kēia i nā pilikia i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā hana hana i nā ʻalima mōkela (ʻoi aku paha ua hoʻohui ʻia ʻo urea a i ʻole ka paʻakai i kēia wai, ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka mahana ma lalo o ke ana), i nā sprayers a me nā mīkini hana. ʻAʻole pili kēia i D. kenekulia, akā i nā mea ʻē aʻe o ka hoʻopihapiha ʻana. E makaʻala iā ia! E hana i nā mākaukau pilikino a hana i ka hopena hoʻāʻo i ka wai me ka wai o ka friji.
E hoʻomauʻia
ʻO ke kiʻi ʻo O. Seifutdinova, Shutterstock, mai Amazon
Nā meahana Nupepa Pole Augusta No. 5, 2020