Makemake nā mahiʻai Lūkini i nā ʻano haole o nā lau ākea ākea. ʻO Elena Alekperova, Luna Hoʻokele o ka Agostat Agency, i kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā kumu o kēia kaulike ʻole a me nā mea like ʻole o ka hoʻokaʻa ʻana o ka hana ʻana i nā mea kanu ākea ma Lūkia.
Kikokikona: Alexandra Nevskaya
Elena Alekperova
Luna Nui o ka Agostat Agency
Ua hana kūikawā ke keʻena kālailai kūʻokoʻa "Agrostat" i ke kūʻai aku ʻana ʻana i ka noiʻi ma ke kula mahiʻai no 22 mau makahiki. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia aʻo ʻana ma nā ana pono ʻana o nā mea mahiʻai mai nā wahi āpau o Lūkia. 270 ninaninau i nā mahiʻai i lawelawe ʻia ma ke ʻano he kumu o ka ʻikepili noiʻi helu ma nā mea kanu i ulu ʻia ma Rūsia ma ke kula ākea
ʻOhi ʻohi a me nā ʻeka o nā mea kanu i ka honua ākea
Wahi a ka Federal State Statistics Service, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ke ulu mau nei ka hōʻiliʻili nui ʻana o nā mea kanu i ka ʻāina ākea i nā ʻoihana mahiʻai a me nā mahiʻai mahiʻai o ka ʻāina. I ka manawa like, ʻo nā wahi i lūlū ʻia e nā mea kanu mea kanu ke waiho nei ma kahi o ka pae like. Hiki i kēia ke kuhikuhi i ka loli ʻana o nā ʻano i nā mahiʻai i nā mea hua hou aku, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana hana i ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe.
Hoʻolaha o ka hana ʻana i nā mea kanu waho i nā ʻano mahiʻai like ʻole
Wahi a Rosstat, ʻo ka nui o ka hana ʻana i nā mea kanu ākea ma ka ʻāina no ʻelima mau makahiki - mai ka 2014 a ka 2019 - ua hoʻonui ʻia e 542 tausani mau tona. He kiʻi nui kēia. I ka manawa like, i loko o kēia wā, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka hāʻawi hou ʻana o ka mahi ʻana i nā mea kanu i nā mahiʻai nui a liʻiliʻi - e like me ma mua, hana ʻia ka hapa nui o nā huahana e ka lehulehu no nā hana pilikino.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻoluʻolu ke emi mau nei kēia mahele ma muli o ka ʻenehana ʻoihana - nā mahiʻai mahiʻai a me nā ʻoihana mahiʻai. ʻO kēia ka holomua o ka ʻoihana. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mahele o ka hana ʻana i nā plots lālā pilikino, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē, ʻo ia hoʻi ka stagnation a me ka regression o ka ʻoihana.
ʻO ka hāʻawi ʻāina ʻana o nā nīnauele e ka moʻomeheu
Ua alakaʻi ke keʻena kālailai Agrostat 270 mau nīnauele (hoʻokahi no kēlā me kēia hua) i nā mahiʻai mea kanu ākea. Hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi ʻia ka mahele ʻāina o nā mea kanu like ʻole: inā ulu nui nā ʻōmato a me nā kukama ma ka hema o Lūkia (ma nā Terasori ʻo Krasnodar a me Stavropol, Kabardino-Balkaria, Astrakhan a me Volgograd Regions), a laila i ke koena o nā wahi i ka nui o nā mea kanu. o ka borsch i kapa ʻia e mahi ʻia.
He aha ka mea e hoʻohuli i ka hoʻoholo e komo i ka hana ʻana i nā lau i waho
No ke aha i koho ai nā mahiʻai i kēia a i ʻole ia hua no ka mahi ʻana? I ka wahi mua, ʻoiaʻiʻo, aia nā kūlana aniau a me ka lepo, a me nā ʻenehana ʻenehana o ka hoʻokele waiwai a me ka ʻike o ka agronomist. Eia naʻe, ʻaneʻane like ia me ka waiwai o kēia moʻomeheu a me ke koi i ka mākeke.
Nā ʻano kūloko a me nā haole - kahi kūkulu o ka ʻāina
He mea hoihoi ia i ka palena kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻano o nā koho lulu home ma Lūkia e noho ʻia e nā kukama. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea āpau, loaʻa i nā mahiʻai nā kāloti a me nā tōmato o ko Lūkia koho.
Aia kekahi o nā pilikia pili i nā ʻano like ʻole no nā mea mahiʻai. I waena o lākou, hiki ke kapa ʻia nā mea nui ʻelua: ke kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe o nā hua o nā hybrids haole a me ka lag i ke koho kūloko. ʻO ka lakio o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o nā koho haole a kūloko hoʻi
'ōlelo nona iho: kanalua ʻole ka hoʻomohala ʻia o kā mākou kahua e nā ʻano a me nā hybrids o nā mea kanu i hana ʻia e nā haole. Me he mea lā e hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia nā mea kanu o ke koho Lūkia i nā kūlana o ka ʻāina a me nā kūlana o ka lepo, e kū mau i nā maʻi kūloko a me nā mea ʻino. Eia nō naʻe, noho ka hānau hānau ʻana i aʻo aʻo a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻokūkū.
Maikaʻi holoʻokoʻa me ka varietal haku mele
Ma ke ʻano laulā, māʻona ka poʻe mahiʻai i nā ʻano varietal o ka mākeke kanu mea kanu. ʻAʻole māʻona nā māla me nā ʻano varietal o nā ʻōmato a me nā kukama. Eia naʻe, ʻōlelo kēia pae o ka hōʻoluʻolu, eia wale nō, ʻike maikaʻi ʻole ʻia nā mahiʻai e pili ana i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.
nā ʻano a me nā hybrids o nā mea kanu.
Aia kahi nuance hoihoi: ʻike ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mahiʻai e pili ana i nā ʻano mea kanu o nā haole i koho ʻia ma mua o nā ʻano o nā koho Lūkia.
Nā kumuwaiwai o ka ʻike i hoʻohana ʻia a me ka pae o ka hilinaʻi iā lākou
Loaʻa i ka poʻe mahiʻai ka ʻike mai nā ʻano kumuwaiwai like ʻole. ʻO ka ʻikepili ʻoiaʻiʻo loa e hele mai ia mai ka ʻike pilikino. ʻO ka mea e hoihoi ai, eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka ʻike nui ʻelua ka mea nui mai nā mea hoʻomohala like ʻole a me nā mea lawe hua. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā mea hana i nā ʻano, nā mea hana hua a me nā mahiʻai e pili loa a pili pono, a inā i kekahi lā ka ʻike i loaʻa mai ka mea hāʻawi "hoʻopunipuni" i ka mahiʻai, e lilo kāna hua, a e lilo ka mea hāʻawi i ka mea kūʻai aku.
ʻO ke kūpaʻa i nā ʻano a me nā hybrids i hoʻohana ʻia - nā hoʻolālā no ka makahiki e hiki mai ana
E like me ka hōʻike ʻana o nā nīnauele, ʻaʻole hoʻololi iki nā mahiʻai i nā ʻano i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka mahiʻai. Eia nō naʻe, aneane i kēlā me kēia makahiki e hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea hou me ka loli ʻole
haku mele ʻokoʻa varietal. Ua wehewehe ʻia kēia e ka mea ʻo ka ʻenehana varietal o nā mea kanu mea kanu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā ʻano kikoʻī i ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o ka ʻenehana o ka mahi ʻana i nā mea kanu o ka māla. I ka hoʻopili paʻa ʻana me kahi ʻano a i ʻole hybrid o nā mea kanu, aia kahi hoʻonohonoho o nā mīkini a me nā pono hana, a me nā mea momona a me nā huahana pale pale.
Nā kūlana no ka hoʻololi i nā ʻano kūloko a me nā hybrids
ʻOiaʻiʻo, e ʻoliʻoli nā mea mahiʻai Lūkia i nā ʻano koho Lūkia. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole e kū kēia a hiki i ka maopopo ʻana i nā mea kanu i ka maikaʻi o ka ʻanoʻano a hilinaʻi hoʻi i ka wānana o ka hopena.