Pehea ka mea e loaʻa ai (loaʻa wale, ʻaʻole loaʻa mai ke kūʻai aku ʻana o nā huahana) 2000 euro no ka hectare? He mea kūpono anei e loaʻa iā 2000 euro / ha ma nā mea kanu? "ʻOiaʻiʻo," wahi a Sergei Samonenko, ka luna o Vimal.
Nā ʻano wanana - ke ola no ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻuala
Ua hoʻokumu koke ka hui Vimal i ka mea kanu starch nui loa ma ka Hikina ʻEulopa ma Chernigov. Hiki i nā lakohana ke kau ʻia ma luna ona ke hana i 1440 mau tona o kaʻuala i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO ka pae mua, hiki ke hana i 700 t / lā, ke hana nei. Hoʻopili ka starch i hana ʻia ma aneʻi i nā kūlana maikaʻi o ka honua a ua lawe ʻia aku i Turkey, Kina a me Holland - ke kikowaena honua o ka hana starch. "A ʻaʻole maopopo kēia no ke kūʻai hou aku. Ma muli o ka lawe ʻole ʻana mai o nā mea kalepa Holani ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa i ka starch mai iā mākou, akā lawe mai i kā lākou ʻeke ponoʻī, hoʻopaʻa i kā mākou starch iā lākou ma kā mākou hale hana a hoʻouna pololei iā Kina, "wahi a Sergei Samonenko. I ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi hana hana mana, ke hana nei ʻo Vimal i kahi pōʻai o nā mea hoʻolako. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole pono ka mea kanu i kekahi ʻuala, akā me ke ʻano starch kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kahi laʻana, me ka ʻike starch o 20%, mākaukau ka mea kanu e uku i ka 0,09 euro / kg. "Uku mākou no kaʻuala 30% ʻoi aku ma mua o kā lākou uku i ka European Union," i kākau ʻo S. Samonenko. Hiki i nā māka starch kūikawā ke hāʻawi i ka starchiness kiʻekiʻe. ʻĀ, malia paha nā ʻāpana - inā ʻaʻole māʻona ka huahana no kekahi kumu i ka mea hana i nā ʻāpana a i ʻole inā, e like me ka makahiki i hala, ua hoʻomohala ʻia ke ʻano no laila ma kahi o 16% i hōʻike ʻia i ka kikoʻī o nā ʻano, 20 mau% ka starch ʻike, a hāʻawi i kēia ʻuala. i kekahi manawa ua lilo ia i mea ʻoi aku ka waiwai no ka mea kanu starch ma mua o kahi mea kanu chips.
ʻO ka luna o ka ʻoihana "Vimal" ʻo Sergey Samonenko
ʻO ka mahi ʻana o nā ʻano starch kūikawā, e like me kā S. Samonenko i ʻōlelo ai, ke hoʻolauna wale ʻia nei ma Ukraine. I kēia manawa ʻo ka mahele o ia mau ʻano no ka nui o 10% o ka nui o nā mea i lawe ʻia iā Vimal. ʻO ke koena nā huahana substandard o nā ʻano chip (starch content 14-16%) a i ʻole nā ʻano papaʻaina (starch content 10-12%). ʻOiaʻiʻo, me kēlā starchiness, ʻaʻole ʻae ke kumukūʻai o ke komo ʻana i ka helu ʻana i nā loaʻa kālā: inā wale nō e kōkua i kahi mea no ka uala substandard, inā ʻaʻohe helu ponoʻī o nā puaʻa e hānai iā lākou i kēia mau ʻuala.
I kēia manawa, ʻae ʻo Vimal i kaʻuala ma ke kumukūʻai e hiki mai ana: me ka starch maʻiʻo 10-13% - 0,03-0,04 euro / kg; 13-15% - 0,05-0,06 euro / kg; 15-18% - 0,06-0,07 euro / kg; ʻoi aku ma mua o 18% - mai ka 0,07 EUR / kg. Akā ua hoʻomaka ka nui o nā mahi mahi ʻuala e hoihoi i nā ʻano starch. Ua kipaku ʻia lākou i kēia e ke kūlana mākeke: ʻo ka nui o ka hana ʻana o ka pākaukau papa i kumu ʻia ai nā kumukūʻai no nā mea hope loa i manaʻo ʻia nā mahiʻai i ke koho o ka curtailing ʻuala e ulu ana, ke kūʻai aku ʻana i nā pono hana kūikawā a me ka nānā ʻana i ka palaoa a me ka pua pua. No laila, i kēia kūlana, hiki i ka mahi ʻana o nā ʻano starch ke lilo i mea e ola ai no nā mahi mahi ʻuala no ka wā ʻoiai e ola ana ka hanauna e ʻike nei i ka kanu ʻana i kaʻuala.
Hāʻawi ʻo Sergei Samonenko i nā helu waiwai maʻamau. ʻO kahi laʻana, inā hōʻiliʻili ʻoe i 50 t / ha o kaʻuala uala, hiki ke kūʻai aku iā lākou no 4 euro. ʻAʻohe mea neoneo ma aneʻi, ʻokoʻa i ka uala pākaukau: e hana kekahi no ka hana ʻana. "Inā haʻalele ka mahiʻai i ka ʻāina ma ke kula, a ʻaʻole e lawe iā ia i ka mea kanu," wahi a S. Samonenko. Hiki ke loaʻa kēia pae o ka loaʻa. ʻO kahi laʻana, ma waena o nā hoa o ka mea kanu Vimal aia kahi mahiʻai mai ka moku ʻo Chernihiv, i ka makahiki 650 i hōʻea i ka pae o 2018 t / ha. Akā ke kumukūʻai o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i kaʻuala, e like me kā S. Samonenko, i kēia manawa ma Ukraine ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 63 euro / ha. A ʻo kēia me nā ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe, kahi e koi ai i ka mahi ʻana o kaʻuala. Akā, e like me ka mea a ka luna o ka ʻoihana Vimal e hoʻomanaʻo ai, ʻaʻole pono e mālama, hoʻopili ʻia a ʻūlū ʻia nā ʻuala starch. ʻAʻole pono e mālama i ka hōʻike i ka wā o ka mahi ʻana, a ʻo kēia ka liʻiliʻi e hoʻēmi iki i ke kumukūʻai o nā fungicides a me nā insecticides. ʻO kahi laʻana, ua kaupalena ʻia ka kaohi pest i nā kūmū pickling e kūʻē i ka nalo potato potato, a ua lawa kēlā. Hōʻike nā helu a Vimal i ka ulu ʻana i nā ʻano starch ma kahi o nā ʻano papaʻaina, hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama i kēlā me kēia hectare: ma ka hoʻokaʻawale - 2790 euro (124 euro / ton); no nā kuʻuna fungicidal ʻelua - 2,79 euro;
ma kahi pāpaʻa - 86 euro;
ma ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka nui o nā mea kanu i noi ʻia - aneane 48 euro;
ke hoʻololi nei i nā lāʻau lapaʻau kumu me nā generics maikaʻi - 54 euro. ʻO ka mea āpau, ʻo ka mālama kālā ʻaneʻane 412 € / ha, e lawe ana i ke kumukūʻai no ka hectare i lalo i 2378 €. No laila, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa he 2000 euro no ka hectare. ʻOiaʻiʻo, aia nā mahiʻai kahi e ʻohiʻohi ai 15 t / ha, kahi e hoʻohana ai lākou i nā mea kanu o ka hana hou ʻike ʻole ʻia, ulu ʻia me ko lākou mau lima ponoʻī, ʻaʻole ma nā māla hua ma lalo o ka kaohi o nā ʻoihana koho; kahi o ka ʻenehana ua hala ka lā a ʻaʻole ʻoki i nā kualono, a waiho ka mea ʻeli i ka hapalua o ka hua i ka lepo. Akā i loko o kēia hihia, e like me kā S. Samonenko, hiki i ka mea kanu uala ke loaʻa kālā. No laila, hoʻokahi māla i ʻike ʻia e ia i mālama ʻia ma ka ʻenehana a he 1744 euro / ha wale ke kumu kūʻai, ma muli o kahi i loaʻa ai ka hua i 30 t / ha wale nō. I ka manawa like, he 19,5% ka maʻa mau o ka starch, i ʻae ai i ka mahiʻai i 951 euro ma ka hectare.
Hōʻike Vimal-Agro: ʻo ka mea huna i nā fungicides
ʻOi aku ʻo Vimal ma mua o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe e huki i nā manaʻo hoihoi i nā mea hoʻolako. He hui like ʻole ia e pili ana i ka hana ʻuala, kūkulu ʻana, a me ka mahiʻai. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hui "Vimal" kahi o ka hui mahiʻai "Vimal-Agro", aia ma ke kauhale. ʻO ka moku ʻo Vybli Kulikovsky, ka moku ʻo Chernigov Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ua ulu ka agrofirm i ka makahiki 2018 i ka uala starch - ʻo Susana a me Eurostarch (ʻo nā Europlant koho ʻelua) a me Kuras o ke koho Agrico. Wahi a Yuriy Dyak, ka luna o Record Agro, ka mea hoʻokaʻawale kū hoʻokahi o nā ʻano Europlant ma Ukraine, he ʻano waena waena ʻo Eurostarch (wā kanu - 85-95 lā) i kahi meaʻai kūpono kaulike, me kahi hiki i ka ʻike starch o 20-21% a me kahi hua o 50 t / ha. Akā ʻo ka ʻano ʻo Susana ma waena o ka wanaʻao, me kahi hiki ke loaʻa a like me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (22,5%), kūpaʻa i ka metribuzin a me nā maʻi he nui. Noho ka ʻoihana mahiʻai i ka 100 hectares me kaʻuala uala. He 35 t / ha ka loaʻa o kaʻuala i ka hoʻomaka o ka ʻeli ʻana, a 40 t / ha ma ka hopena. E like me kā S. Samonenko i hōʻoia ai, ʻaʻole kēia ka palena kiʻekiʻe i hiki i ka moʻomeheu ke hāʻawi: ʻeli ʻia ka ʻuala mai ʻAukake a i ka waena o Kepakemapa, ʻoiai ke hāʻawi ʻia ka hua nui o nā ʻano ke ʻeli ʻia i ka hopena o Kepakemapa-i ka ʻumi mau makahiki o ʻOkakopa. No laila, ua hōʻike ka ʻoihana mahiʻai "Vimal-Agro" i kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka mahi kūleʻa ʻana o kaʻuala uala. "Makemake mākou e hoʻomaka i kahi papahana no ka ulu ʻana i kaʻuala ma 1 - kanu 2014-5 hectares a ʻike i nā hopena, e helu i ka pono o ka hoʻokele waiwai. Eia nō naʻe, pale ʻia ke kaua. Akā i ka makahiki 10, aia kahi hoihoi hou o ka hoihoi i ka papahana: ua kūpaʻa ka laina mua, i ka manawa like ua ʻino ke kūlana ma ka mākeke potato ware, ka mea i koi i nā mea hana e nānā i nā ala hou. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka prospect o nā ʻano starch ulu, e like me ka helu ʻana o ka ʻoihana "Vimal", ke nānā aku nei he maikaʻi:
Meaʻai | Ke aliʻi (starchiness 20%) | Chipsy | |
Kumuhana, t / ha | 45 | 45 | 38 |
Mokuai,% | 85 | 100 | 80 |
Kuai kuai ana i na mai paleta, euro. / Kg | 0,1 | 0,095 | 0,12 |
Ke kūʻai ʻai kalapona ʻole kūʻai kūʻai kūʻai i nā kumukūʻai, Euro. / Kg | 0,06 | 0,06 | |
Loaʻa kālā, mano Euro / ha: pau | 4,26 | 4.28 | 4.11 |
mai ke kuai ʻana i nā huahana kūʻai | 3,88 | 3,67 | |
mai ke kūʻai aku ʻana o nā huahana mai nā huahana ʻole i ke kō | 0,38 | 0,44 | |
Kūʻai, mano Euro / ha | 3,22 | 2,34 | 2,98 |
Loaʻa, mano Euro / ha | 1,51 | 1,92 | 1,13 |
Ma ke kamaʻilio ʻana e pili ana i nā helu, ua hoʻomaopopo ʻo S. Samonenko ʻo ka māka kūʻai kūʻai o 80-85%, keu hoʻi no nā pākaukau, he manaolana nui ia, no ka mea ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine ʻana o kēia pae he 75 a ʻo 50% paha. Ke hōʻuluʻulu nei i nā hopena o ke kau mua o ka ulu ʻana i nā ʻano starchy o kaʻuala i nā puke nui, ua ʻike ʻo S. Samonenko i nā mea huna nui ʻelua. ʻO ka mea mua āna i hana ai penei: "70% o ka loaʻa nā hua kūpono." Ma nā ʻanoʻano kūpono, manaʻo ʻo ia e kanu i nā mea o nā reproductions kiʻekiʻe e kū i nā koina o nā kūlana no ka virality, a pēlā aku. No ka laʻana, inā ʻoe e hoʻohana i nā mea kanu ʻaʻole 1st, akā ʻo 2 reproduction, hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻemi i ke kumukūʻai mai 383 a 255 euro. / kg. Eia naʻe, ma muli o kēia, ua nalowale ka 15% o ka hōʻiliʻili kālā, kahi e uku ai i ka mahiʻai 636.942 euro / ha. No laila, lilo ka "mālama kālā" i nā mea kanu i lilo i upena o 8100 euro / ha. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona ʻelua o nā ʻano starch ke ʻano o ka nui o ka hua i nā 3 mau makahiki i hala a i ʻole 2 mau pule o ke kau e ulu ana, ʻo ia hoʻi i Kepakemapa. "I Iulai, ke hala nā lā he nui o ka māla potato, ʻano nani nā ʻano starch: ʻuʻuku nā tubers. Akā i nā pule he 2-3 i hala ka piʻi nui o ka loaʻa, "wahi a S. Samonenko.
No laila, ʻo nā ʻano starch, ʻoi aku ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe, koi i ka mālama ʻana i ka nui ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka wā ulu. "ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka nui o nā lau nahele a puni ke kauwela, a hiki i Kepakemapa, ʻo ka lua o ka huna o ka ulu ʻana i nā ʻano starch," wahi a S. Samonenko. A ʻo kēia, e like me ia, he mea hiki ʻole ke ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻia o nā fungicides kiʻekiʻe loa, nāna i hoʻopakele i ka nui o nā mea kanu mai nā maʻi, mai Alternaria a me ka hopena o ke ahi. Ua mālama ka firm "Vimal-Agro" i kāna starch uala i hoʻokahi manawa me Propulse e kūʻē iā Alternaria a ʻekolu mau manawa me Ditan e kūʻē i ka hopena o ke ahi. ʻO kēia ka mea i hiki ke mālama i ka nui o ka lau o ka ʻuala i ke kauwela a hiki i Kepakemapa. A me ka ʻole o kēia, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka ʻoihana mahiʻai ka hua o nā ʻano starch e ʻae iā ia e loaʻa.
ʻO ke kolu o ka hūnā o nā ʻano starch ulu, ua kapa ʻo ia i ka momona o kaʻuala me ka potassium sulfate ma kahi o ka chloride kuʻuna. "ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka sulfate ma kahi o ka potassium chloride e hoʻonui ai i ka starchiness," i wehewehe ʻia ʻo S. Samonenko. Hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe Breeders o ka ʻoihana Europlant e ʻae ʻia e noi i ka potassium chloride, akā i nā kaohi palena: i ka puna - ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 80 kg / ha. Akā ʻo ka helu noi noi K2О i hāpai ʻia ma ke pae o ka 190-250 kg / ha. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole ʻoe e hoʻohui i ka nui o ka waihona hauā, ʻoiai e hoʻemi i ka starchiness. E like me ka ʻōlelo ʻana a Yuri Dyak, ʻaʻole pono ʻo ka helu o ka noi haukaʻi ma mua o 100 kg / ha, a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o kēia kumuhana e hoʻōki ma mua o ke kaʻina mua. ʻO ka hopena kūpono loa o ka phosphorus, ma muli ona, ʻo 120 kg / ha. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā ʻano starchy e koi ai i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka magnesium ma ka nui o 80 kg / ha ma nā hakakā ʻelua ʻelua.
No laila, nā kumukūʻai o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i 1 ha o nā ʻano ʻuala starch: no ke kanu ʻana i nā mea o ka hana hoʻohua ʻekahi ma kahi māno kanu o 1 tausani ʻāpana / ha no nā ʻano ma hope a me 42 tausani ʻāpana / ha no nā ʻano ma mua - 44 euro / ha; no nā mea momona - 1146.49 euro / ha; no nā huahana pale pale - 500 euro / ha; no ka wahie - 350 euro / ha; nā lilo ʻē aʻe (uku, hoʻolimalima, hoʻēmi kālā, a pēlā aku) - 200 euro / ha. Ma ka laulā, e like me kā S. Samonenko, ke ʻano o ka ʻenehana mahiʻai o nā ʻano uala starch e hoʻomanaʻo nui nei i ka ʻenehana mahiʻai o nā pākaukau. ʻAe kēia i nā mea kanu ʻuala e hoʻololi maʻalahi i nā ʻano starch a, ma lalo o ka hoʻolauna ʻana o nā ʻenehana mahiʻai kiʻekiʻe, loaʻa ka 574 euro / ha - e like me ka hāʻawi ʻole o nā mea mahiʻai.