Ke hoʻomau nei mākou i ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka pilikia o kēia manawa - potato rhizoctoniosis.
ʻO ke kumu o ka maʻi ʻo nā mea kanu ʻuala maʻi a me kekahi mau nāhelehele. ʻO nā kumu nui o ka lawe ʻana i ka pathogen mai kēlā makahiki a i kēia makahiki, ʻo ia ka lepo a me nā ʻuala ʻuala maʻi (ʻo ka pinepine o ka hoʻouna ʻana o ka pathogen ma o nā ʻōpala mai 29 a 70%). ʻO ka hoʻoili ʻia ʻana o ka pathogen i ka wā e hiki mai ana ma o ka lepo, a me nā basidiospores i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka ea (86-96% a ʻoi aʻe paha) e nā droplets airborne, akā he mea koʻikoʻi kēia ʻano hana.
No laila, ʻo ke kaʻa ʻana o ka pathogen ma ke ʻano ma muli o ka hui ʻana o ka lepo a me ka mīkini hoʻoili ʻana i ka ʻuala mai kēlā makahiki a i kēia makahiki, me ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka ea i ka wā. Ma muli o kēia, i mea e pale ai i nā kanu ʻuala mai ka rhizoctoniosis, pono ia e hoʻohana i nā ʻenehana a me nā ʻano hana e hōʻemi i ka waihona mua o ka maʻi pathogen i ka lepo a me nā ʻōpala.
ʻO ke koʻikoʻi nui i ka pale ʻana i ka pōʻino o nā mea kanu e ka maʻi ʻo ia ka noi kūpono a me ka hui pū ʻana o nā ʻano agrotechnical a me nā kemika.
I mea e pale ai i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi ma luna o nā mea kanu ʻuala, a me ka maʻi o nā ʻuala, pono e nānā i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka hua a hoʻihoʻi i ka ʻuala i ko lākou wahi mua ma mua o 3-4 mau makahiki. ʻO ka ulu ʻana i ka ʻuala i ka hoʻololi ʻana ma hope o ka manure ʻōmaʻomaʻo, soybeans, cereals, perennial mauʻu e hōʻemi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka rhizoctoniosis ma nā ʻōpuʻu, nā ʻōpala a me nā ʻōpala e 2,0-2,7 mau manawa.
I ka hihia o ka hiki ʻole o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mea kanu, pono ia e hoʻohana i nā mea kanu me nā waiwai phytosanitary e kūʻē i ka mea kumu o ka rhizoctoniosis ma ke ʻano he precursors. No ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kūlana phytopathological i ka ʻuala, e like me nā mea kanu phytosanitary (nā mua), ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻohana i ka cereals, perennial cereal grasses, legume-cereal mixtures, kāloti, lupins, soybeans, cabbage crops, a me ka flax, ka mea e pale nui ai i ka ulu ʻana o R. .solani Kühn. i ka lepo.
ʻO ke kumu o kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana ʻo ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka infectious o nā pathogens e hoʻomau no ka manawa lōʻihi i ka lepo wale nō i kahi kūlana dormancy. ʻO nā mea huna o nā mea kanu mahiʻai kū'ē i ka mea kumu kumu o ka rhizoctoniosis potato e hoʻonāukiuki i ka germination o nā propagules pathogen i ka lepo. I kēia hihia, make hapa nā spores o ka phytoparasite a me kā lākou germinal hyphae, ʻaʻole e hālāwai me kahi mea kanu hoʻokipa. Ma muli o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā pathogens lepo, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻoi aku ka nāwaliwali o ka hoʻokūkū i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā microorganisms saprotrophic e noho ana i ka lepo, alakaʻi kēia ʻano hana i ka emi ʻana o ka nui o nā heluna pathogen.
Eia kekahi, ʻo ka palaho ʻana o nā koena ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā mea kanu phytosanitary e kōkua i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o nā saprophytes antagonist i loko o ka lepo, kahi e hoʻoulu ai i ka lysis o nā hanana infectious o nā pathogens, a lawe pū i kahi o nā pathogens i ka niche ecological.
ʻIke ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka palaoa, ka bale, ka oats, ka rapeseed a me ka sinapi nā mea hana i nā mea antifungal. No laila, loaʻa nā mea kanu o ka ʻohana cereal purothionine, phenol-type compounds, benzoxazolinones, hordecin, furfrurol, gramine alkaloid, nā puaʻa melemele i loko o kā lākou cell sap, a ʻo nā mea kanu kāpeti he allyl mustard, phenylethyl mustard a me crotonyl mustard aila, rafanin, heirolin, ka mea e pale ai i ka ulu ʻana o ka microflora pathogenic.
Ma Siberia, i ka wā ulu hoʻokahi, ʻo nā mea mua e like me ka rapeseed a me ka sinapi sarepta ka hapa nui o nā mea a pau e hoʻemi i ka nui o R. solani i ka lepo. Ma Mei o ka makahiki e hiki mai ana, ma muli o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā mea e pale ai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka haʻuki mai nā koena o nā mea kanu decomposed, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o nā propagules o ka mea kumu o ka rhizoctoniosis e 2,0 mau manawa. ʻAʻohe hopena koʻikoʻi o Oats i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka lepo, akā hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i ka helu o ka pathogen. ʻAʻole makemake wale ka palaoa a me ka bale i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka pathogen i ka wā ulu, akā kōkua pū kekahi i kona hoʻomau ʻana i ka lepo a hiki i ka pūnāwai e hiki mai ana. No laila, mai ka manaʻo o ka phytosanitary, ʻo ka precursors maikaʻi loa no ka ʻuala he puna rapeseed a me ka mustard sarepta. Ke kau nei i kahi hua ma luna o ka oats, ka bale puna a me ka palaoa, pono e noʻonoʻo i ka ʻikepili i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka mea kumu o ka rhizoctoniosis i ka lepo.
Ka papa inoa o nā kumu i hoʻohana ʻia:
- Zeiruk V.N. ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mea kanu kūikawā a me ka ʻōnaehana biologized o ka pale ʻana i ka ʻuala mai nā maʻi a me nā pōpoki / V.N. Zeiruk, V.M. ʻO Glez, S.V. Vasilyeva, M.K. Derevyagin, V.I. Sedova, N.A. Gaitova, L.V. Dmitrieva // Ke ulu nei ka ʻuala ma nā wahi o Rūsia: Nā pilikia maoli o ka ʻepekema a me ka hana. - M., 2006. - S. 38-47.
- ʻO Ivanyuk V.G. ʻO nā ala agrotechnical e hakakā ai i ka rhizoctoniosis potato / V.G. Ivanyuk, O.T. Alexandrov, V.I. Kalach // Ka palekana a me ka quarantine o nā mea kanu. - 2001. - Helu 11. - S. 18-19.
- ʻO Ivanyuk V.G. Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hōʻike ʻana o ka rhizoctoniosis potato ma Belarus / V.G. Ivanyuk, O.T. Aleksandrov // Mycology and Phytopathology. - 2000. - T. 34, no. 5. - S. 51-59.
- Loshakov V.G. ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā hua he loulou kumu i nā ʻōnaehana mahiʻai hou / Loshakov V.G. // Bulletin o ka Russian Academy of Agricultural Science. - 2006. - Helu 5. - S. 23-26.
- Shaldyaeva E.M. Ka nānā ʻana i ka rhizoctoniosis i nā agroecosystems potato ma Western Siberia / E.M. Shaldyaeva, Yu.V. Pilipova, N.M. Konyaev. - Novosibirsk, 2006. - 196 p.
- Shaldyaeva E.M. ʻO ka maikaʻi o ke kūlana phytosanitary o nā mea kanu ʻuala me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka rapeseed puna ma ke ʻano he mea kanu manure ʻōmaʻomaʻo / E.M. Shaldyaeva, Yu.V. Pilipova, M.P. Shatunova // Palekana mea kanu ma Siberia: Sat. ʻepekema tr. kumu a me nā haumāna puka o ka Faculty of Plant Protection. - Novosibirsk, 2003. - S. 77-83
- Carling DE Ka hopena o ka wela o ka virulence o Rhizoctonia solani a me kekahi Rhizoctonia ma ka uala / DE Carling, RH Leiner // Phytopathology. - 1990. - V. 80, Helu 10. - P. 930-934.