ʻO Roman Viklenko, ka agronomist poʻokela o ka māla Kirby, Repubalika o Kyrzizstan
ʻO ka panalāʻau o Kyrgyzstan ma kahi o 20 miliona mau hectares, a nona ka 10,6 miliona hectares o ka ʻāina mahiʻai, me 1,2 miliona mau ʻeka o ka ʻāina mahi ʻia me ka nui o ka wai i hoʻoinu ʻia he 0,8 miliona maueka.
ʻO ka hapa nui o ka heluna kanaka (ʻoi aku ma kahi o 60%) e noho nei i nā wahi kaiāulu, a ʻo ka nohona o ka noho ʻana i ka ʻāina e hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā huahana mahiʻai.
ʻO ke aniau o ka ʻāpana nui o ka ʻāina ka ʻāina ʻoi loa, me nā kauwela wela a me nā hoʻoilo anuanu. I nā wahi awāwa o ka mahiʻai, i ke kauwela piʻi ka mahana o ka ea i 45-48 ° C, i ka hoʻoilo e hāʻule i lalo i kahi manawa –30 ° C me ka uhi hau liʻiliʻi, a ʻo ka mahana ma ka pō he 12-15 ° C ma lalo o ke ao.
ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ua o ka makahiki ma mua o 500 mm, e loli ana i nā makahiki a me nā wahi me ka hapa nui o ka ua mua o ka ua. ʻO nā ʻokoʻa e pili ana i ka ua ua kekahi mau wahi, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka wahi mahiʻai o ke kahawai ʻo Issyk-Kul - ma muli o ka mana o ka loko kai kiʻekiʻe ʻo Issyk-Kul.
Kūpono nā kūlana kūlohelohe a me nā ʻano o ka repubalika no ka mahi ʻana i nā mea kanu mahiʻai he nui, e like me ka aneane o nā lauʻai a pau. Hoʻonui ʻia kaʻuala ma nā wahi āpau o ka repubalika.
ʻO ka moʻolelo o ka ulu ʻana o kaʻuala ma ka ʻāina i hoʻokahi kenekulia.
Maliʻa, hele mai kaʻuala i Kyrgyzstan i ka hapa lua o ke kenekulia 19, akā ʻaʻole lākou i laha ākea i ka manawa hoʻokahi: nā huahana o nā holoholona i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka papaʻai o nā kamaʻāina o ka ʻāina i kēlā manawa (ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau no nā poʻe nomadic). Ua hoʻomaka ka ulu ʻana o ke kaulana o kaʻuala i nā manawa Soviet, a ua hoʻomaka ka uku nui ʻana i ka moʻomeheu e uku ʻia i nā makahiki 90, ke kūʻokoʻa ka repubalika. Ua aneane he hapahā ka hana ʻana o ka ʻuala mai ka 1992, mai ka 360 tona i kahi 000 miliona mau tona i 1,36 (FAO data, 2007).
I kēia lā, kāohi ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kaʻuala e ulu ana ma Kyrgyzstan e ka nele o nā mea kanu hua kiʻekiʻe, nā ʻano hua, nā pono a me nā ʻenehana. ʻAʻohe pili pono i nā mea kanu uala, no laila, paʻa ʻole nā kumukūʻai mākeke no ka huahana.
Mai kahi manaʻo o ka hoʻonohonoho, ʻike ʻia ka mahiʻai ma ka Repubalika Kyrgyz i kēia manawa e ka nui o nā mahiʻai pilikino liʻiliʻi i kupu aʻe ma muli o ka privatization o ka ʻāina a me nā waiwai o nā mahiʻai hui a me ka mokuʻāina. ʻAʻohe o ka hapa nui o nā mahiʻai i nā kumu waiwai kālā kūpono e alakaʻi ai i nā hana kūpono. ʻO kahi hopena pololei o kēia ka hana hana haʻahaʻa, kahi mahele kiʻekiʻe o nā koina paʻa, nā pilikia hana nui, nāwaliwali a me nā uku haʻahaʻa i ka hana ʻana i nā hua.
Akā aia kekahi mau mahiʻai i loaʻa he mau makahiki o ka ʻike hana kūleʻa. E like me ka mea i kākau ʻia e Uralbek Nogoibaev, Luna Hoʻokele o ka Eurasia Group Kyrgyzstan (ke komo nei ka ʻoihana i ka lako o nā mīkini mahiʻai ʻo John Deere, JCB, GRIMME, Väderstad, a pēlā aku i Kyrgyzstan), no ka hoʻokomo ʻana o nā ʻenehana hou i kēia manawa. .
ʻO ka mahiʻai mahiʻai "Kirby"
Chui (Apana Alamedin) a me nā moku ʻo Issyk-Kul (Apana Tyup)
ʻO ka mahi mahi ʻuala nui a me ka hana ʻuala ma ka Lepupalika
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻoihana ma 1997 ma Bishkek. Ua ʻike ʻia ka inoa ʻo "Kirby" ma muli o ka hoʻohui ʻia ʻana o nā huaʻōlelo "Kyrgyzstan" a me "Bishkek".
ʻO ka lālani mua o ka hana ka hana uala: ua hoʻokumu ka ʻoihana i kahi laina no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana. I ʻekolu mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua hoʻomaka ka hui e hana i nā mea maka, a laila hoʻonui i kāna hana hua.
I kēia manawa ʻo ka mahiʻai ʻo "Kirby" ke alakaʻi alakaʻi i ka Repubalika Kyrgyz no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana. Hana ʻia nā huahana ma lalo o ka trademark PIR.
Ma waho o kaʻuala, ulu ka mahiʻai i ka hoʻoilo a me ka palaoa waipuna, ka hoʻoilo a me ka barley waipuna, ka hoʻoilo rapeseed, ka pua pua pua, nā soybeans, ka millet, hoʻolauna i ka alfalfa i ka hoʻohuli ʻana o ka hua no ka hana ʻana o ka mauʻu a me nā ʻanoʻano, sainfoin
ʻO ka nui o ka mahi ʻana i nā mea kanu mahiʻai ma ka moku ʻo Chui he 450 hectares, mai 70 a 100 hectares o ka mahi ʻana i ka ʻāina e hāʻawi ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki no kaʻuala. I ka moku ʻo Issyk-Kul, he 310 kaeka ka nui, 35-40 mau ʻeka i hāʻawi ʻia no kaʻuala.
I nā māla o ka mahiʻai, ulu nui nā ʻano lohi o ka ʻuala potato, a hana ʻia nō hoʻi nā ʻano mua no ka hana ʻana mai ka māla.
ʻO ka hua maʻamau o kaʻuala i nā makahiki i hala aku nei ma ka moku Chui ma ka pae o 450 c / ha, ʻo ka hōʻiliʻili nui ʻana he 3700 tone. ʻO ka hua awelika o nā hua uala ma ka moku ʻo Issyk-Kul 400-450 c / ha, ʻo ka hua nui he 1000-1500 mau tona.
Ke ulu nei ka hua. Loaʻa nā huahana o nā ʻāpana elite a me nā super-elite e ka mahiʻai ma Kelemania a hoʻonui ʻia i ka moku ʻo Tyup o ka moku ʻo Issyk-Kul. Mai ka 2020, ke hoʻāʻo nei ka mahiʻai i kaʻuala hua mai Lūkia.
I ka wā e hiki mai ana, hoʻolālā ka mahiʻai e kiʻi i ke kūlana o ka hana ʻana i nā hua, e ulu i nā mea kanu hua olakino kiʻekiʻe no nā mahiʻai kūloko. Ke hana nei ka ʻoihana i nā hana e hoʻokō ai i kēia pahuhopu: no ka laʻana, i ka makahiki i hala, ua kūʻai ʻia nā pākaukau papa o ka Solana koho no ka hānau ʻana.
Nā Kūlana... Hoʻohana ʻia nā mīkini wiliana ʻo John Deere 6195 M a me 6135 B no ka mahi ʻana i kaʻuala. Hana ʻia ke kanu ʻana me kahi mea kanu GRIMME GL430, hana ʻia ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana me ka lālani hoʻokahi a me nā lālani ʻelua i hoʻohui ʻia GRIMME SE 75-40 a me GRIMME SE 260.
Pale. Ma ka panalāʻau o ka mahiʻai "Kirby" aia kahi waihona uala no ka ʻuala a me nā ʻuala ware. Hoʻokomo ʻia kaʻuala i loko o ʻeono pahu mālama wā lōʻihi me ka hōʻoluʻolu hana, mālama ʻia ka mahana mālama i loko o lākou ma loko o 3,2-3,8 ° C. ʻO ka nui o ka hiki ke mālama i nā hua he 610 mau tona. ʻEhā mau pahu mālama wā lōʻihi no ka uala ware, ʻelua o lākou i hoʻolako ʻia me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoikaika ʻeleu a ʻelua - me nā ʻōnaehana hōʻoluʻolu hana. Mālama ʻia ka mahana mālama ma waena o 6-7 ° C. ʻO ka nui o ka hiki ke mālama i kaʻuala he 2800 tone.
I ka makahiki 2020, ma ka ʻāina o ka māla ʻo Kirby ma ka moku ʻo Tyup, ua kūkulu ʻia kahi wahi waiho uala hou e kū ana i nā kūlana o kēia au, ua kūʻai ʻia nā lako mālama hou mai GRIMME a me SKALS. ʻO nā keʻena mālama he ʻelua keʻena me ka hiki o 600 tone i kēlā me kēia.
Kukui. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea pīpī Drum-type o ka inoa Nettuno ma nā wahi i lūlū ʻia o ka māla ʻo Kirby. Ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o ka ua ma ka ʻāina a kū ka mahana i ke kauwela, pono e mālama mau i ka lepo. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ke manaʻo nei ka ʻoihana e hoʻololi i nā pono hana e pono ai (e koi ana i nā kumukūʻai hana nui i ka wā o ka hana) me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻohawai wai, no laila ke manaʻo nei e hoʻonui nui i ka pono o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe.
Ka lepo. Mālama ka mahiʻai i nā hana ʻōnaehana e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka lepo. I kēlā me kēia makahiki, lūlū ʻia nā hua manure ʻōmaʻomaʻo i nā māla, nā hua a ka ʻoihana e ulu ponoʻī. Ke holo nei ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka ʻenehana No-till, i ʻae ai e hōʻemi i nā hana hoʻoneʻe a hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ke kumukūʻai o ka hana mahiʻai, a no laila, e hoʻemi i ke kumukūʻai o ka hana.
I kēia makahiki, ua hoʻonui ka mahiʻai i ka wahi no ke kanu ʻana i nā ʻuala, ma muli o ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka noi no kēia mau huahana.
Lana ko mākou manaʻo e kūleʻa ana ke kau e hiki mai ana no nā mea kanu uala a pau o ka repubalika.
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