I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ka hana ʻana o kaʻuala i India ua hoʻonui nui ʻia, e hoʻolilo ana iā ia i ka ʻāina ʻuala nui ʻelua i ka honua Hoʻohui ʻia, ulu ka helu o nā mea kanu a me ka noi no kekahi ʻano. Hōʻike ʻia kēia e ka pūnaewele Pūnaewele www.mdpi.com.
ʻO nā hana hoʻoulu hua hoʻohui o nā papahana hoʻomaikaʻi uala ma ka Central Potato Research Institute (CPRI) i hopena i 65 i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia kaʻuala, a ʻo 23 mau mea mahiʻai i kēia manawa no 95% o ka nui o kaʻuala ma India.
ʻO nā ʻano ʻuala ma India
I loko o kēia mau ʻano he 65, kūpaʻa ʻo 33 i nā ʻano biotic a me nā abiotic like ʻole, a he 8 mau ʻano e kūpono ai i ka hana ʻenehana.
I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia mau ʻano ʻuala i ʻekolu mau pūʻulu o ke oʻo: ke kakahiaka, ka waena a me ka hopena.
Ke ulu nei kahi koi no nā ʻano hou o kaʻuala me nā hua kūpono a me nā ʻano ʻenehana, i manaʻo ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana a me nā pā, i mea e kō ai nā pono kūloko a me nā pono o ka mākeke hoʻolilo.
Ma mua ma India, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia kaʻuala no ka ʻai hou, a ʻo ka hapa nui o ka ʻohiʻohi ʻana no ka home ponoʻī, ʻoiai ma nā ʻāina kūkulu, ʻo 31% wale nō ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pākaukau, ʻo ke koena nā fries French paʻahau (30%), nā ʻāpana ( 12%).
Ka hana ʻuala ma India
Hoʻomohala piha ʻia ka hana ʻuala a hiki i nā makahiki 1990, a laila, me ka hoʻomaka o ka hoʻonohonoho hoʻonohonoho ʻana e nā ʻoihana transnational a me nā mea pāʻani kūloko, ua piʻi wikiwiki ka ʻoihana a hōʻike i ka ulu nui i 10 mau makahiki. I kēia manawa, ʻaneʻane 7,5% o kaʻuala e hana.
I kēia manawa, hoʻomau ka poʻe hānai i nā ʻano hou o ka ʻuala maikaʻi no ka hana ʻana.
No laila, he mea nui e ʻike i nā genotypes o kaʻuala me nā ʻano e pane ai i ka hoʻololi pinepine ʻana i nā kūlana mākeke a me nā hana. ʻO ka mea nui ke koho ʻana i nā ʻano e like me nā ʻano aʻe: ka hoʻololi ʻana i kahi lā pōkole, ke ʻano ʻana o ka awelika, ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka hopena o ke ahi a me ka lohi o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa.
ʻO ka nānā ʻana i nā genotypes kalo me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā ʻenehana a me ka adaptability ākea he mea nui ia no nā ʻāpana āpau o ka ʻoihana ʻuala. I kēia lā, ua loiloi nā ʻepekema ʻInia i nā genotypes ʻuala 21 e kiʻi i nā hua ʻoihana ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe me nā ʻano physiological maikaʻi.