I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ke piʻi nui nei ka koi no ka ʻuala ma nā ʻāina ʻo EU, a ʻo ka makemake o nā mea hana e aʻo pehea e ulu ai ka mea hiki ke hoʻomaopopo. Ua ulu ʻē ia i ʻItalia, Sepania, Israel a me ʻAigupita, a me nā mea hou aku i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Makemake nā mea hana ma Belgian a me Holland i ka ʻuala. I ka makahiki 2017, ua lawe ʻia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua ma ke keʻena hoʻokolohua Vredepel, na ke Kulanui o Wageningen (Netherlands).
ʻOiai ʻo nā ʻuala e kapa pinepine ʻia he ʻuala, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa nā mea kanu ʻelua i ka botanically wale nō, akā i ke kumukūʻai no ka hoʻoulu ʻana. I ka hana ʻana i kaʻuala, nā mea waiwai nui ke kanu lima ʻana a me ka ʻohi ʻana, ke kumu kūʻai o nā mea kanu, a me ka mālama a me ka hana ʻana. Ma ka 2016, ma ke kahua hoʻokolohua ma Kreischaut (Pelekiuma), ua hoʻomaka nā ʻano hoʻāʻo, i kēia makahiki ua hoʻomaka nā hoʻokolokolo ma Netherlands.
Ma ke kahua ʻo Fredepel, ua lawe ʻia nā ʻano hana hoʻoulu like ʻole, nā palapala mulch a me nā hoʻāʻo ʻano like ʻole. E like me kou ʻike, ʻo ka ʻuala kahi mea kanu wela a me ka hoʻomanawanui ʻole i ka hau, hoʻoholo kēia i ka hoʻomaka o ka mahi ʻana. Pono ka mākū kūpono a me ka mehana no ka ulu pono ʻana. Eia hou, pono e ʻohiʻohi ma mua o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka mahana o ka lepo ma lalo o 10 kekelē. C (ma Holland hana mau kēia i ka mua o ʻOkakopa).
Ma ke keʻena ʻo Fredepel, ʻokiʻoki pololei ʻia kaʻuala i ka lepo ma Mei 29, 2017, a kanu ʻia nā mea kanu cubed ma Iune 21. Ma ka waenakonu o Iulai, ʻo ka nui o nā mea kanu mai nā pā kanu i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻoi aku ka emi ma mua o ka mea i kanu ʻia e nā ʻoki, malia paha ma muli o kahi lā kanu ma hope. Kū'ē kēia mākaʻikaʻi i ka manaʻo e hāʻawi ana nā mea kanu pot i kahi hoʻomaka ulu ulu. Hoʻohana ka hoʻāʻo i nā ʻano O'Henry, Kaleponi, Beauregard (ʻoki), Innosweet a me Orata Orange (nā mea kanu i nā pahu peat), ʻaʻole no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me kekahi i kekahi, no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana me nā ʻano.
Ua ulu nā mea kanu i nā pālahalaha ma kahi pālahalaha. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ka mahi ʻana o Ridge ma kahi ʻano ʻē aʻe, maikaʻi paha no ka hoʻomehana ʻana i ka lepo me ka wikiwiki, keu hoʻi me ka palu. I ka papa hoʻokolohua, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka mulch me nā kiʻi ʻeleʻele a me ka pepa eleele. Ua ana nā mea ʻike i ke ana wela iā ia ma kahi hohonu o 10, 20, 30 a me 40 cm.
Ua hoʻololi ʻia ka mulch me kahi kiʻi ʻeleʻele e hāʻawi i ka hopena maikaʻi loa, e hoʻonui ana i ka mahana o ka lepo e 3-4 kekelē. Me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka pepa ʻeleʻele a me ka pale ʻana i ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā kualono e ka ua. Kanu ʻia nā mea kanu i nā pahu i loko o nā lua i ʻoki mua ʻia i ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, a pili pono nā ʻoki i ka mulch. Ma ke ʻano he ʻokoʻa, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā lou uea kūikawā, a puni i ʻoki ʻoki ʻia ka ʻoki ʻana, a laila paʻa i ka lepo. ʻO ka mea i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o nā mea kanu a me ka loaʻa o nā lima hana. He mea nui ka pili ʻana o nā ʻoki me ka wela o ka lepo i ka hiki wawe, kahi e hoʻoulu ai i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke aʻa. ʻO ka mea hana uala Belgian ʻo Van de Bool, ka mea nāna i kanu i nā ʻoki ʻuala me kahi transplanter, kuhi he 1 mau kāne e pono ai e kanu i 100 ha.
Ma ke kahua ʻo Fredepel, 125 kg / ha o kieserite a me 200 kg / ha o ka potassium sulfate, a ma kahi o 150 kg / ha o ka nitrogen me ka manure pipi, i hoʻopili ʻia i ke kahua hoʻopihapiha hoʻopihapiha. I nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, manaʻo ʻia he lawa pono ka 60 kg / ha nitrogen no kaʻuala. ʻAʻohe o nā huahana i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia no ka mahi ʻana o kaʻuala ma Pelekiuma a me Holland. ʻAʻole pilikia nui nā nāhelehele i ka uhi koke ʻana o nā mea kanu i ka papa lepo holoʻokoʻa. ʻO nā mea ʻino, hōʻike ʻia ka makaʻu nui loa e nā ʻiole a me nā meheu ʻē aʻe, a me nā nematodes.
Mālama maikaʻi ka ʻuala ma lalo o nā ʻano he nui. Pono eʻohi i ka hua ma mua o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka mahana o ka lepo ma lalo o 10 kekelē. C. lahilahi a lahilahi ka ʻili o nā paipu, no laila e pono ke ʻohi ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻeli ʻeli a me ka hana lima.
Wahi a ka hoʻāʻo 2016, ʻo ka hua o kaʻuala ma Belgian hiki i 20-50 t / ha, kaukaʻi ʻia i nā ʻano a me nā ʻano ulu. Hoʻomaka ka mālama ʻana me kahi wā mālama o hoʻokahi pule ma kahi mahana o 29-30 kekelē. Me a me ke kiʻekiʻena i kahi haʻahaʻa e pili ana i hiki. Mānoanoa ka ʻili a paʻa hou. Hoʻonāuki ka wela i nā ʻenemona, kahi e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka ʻono o nā paipu. Ma hope o ka hala ʻana o ka wā lapaʻau, hiki ke mālama ʻia nā paipu no hoʻokahi makahiki i ka mahana o 13 kekelē. C a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa pili kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO nā mea kanu kekahi pilikia nui i ka mahi ʻana i kaʻuala. Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano hua mai Sepania i nā hoʻokolokolo ma Fredepel. ʻO Beauregard lāua ʻo Covington nā ʻano ulu ulu nui o ka honua, hānai ʻia lāua ʻelua ma nā kula nui o US, a ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia ʻo Covington ma waho o kēlā ʻāina. No ka mahi ʻana ma ʻEulopa, keu hoʻi ma nā ʻāina ʻākau, pono e koho i nā ʻano kūpono. ʻO ke kumukūʻai o keʻoki e pili ana i 0,10-0,20 euro / ʻāpana, nā lūlū i nā cubes - ma kahi o 0,50 euro / ʻāpana.
Source: http://www.fruit-inform.com