ʻO Sergey Banadysev, Kauka o ka ʻEpekema Mahiai, ke poʻo o ka papahana hānau o Doka-Genetic Technologies LLC
ʻO kēia mea he wahi liʻiliʻi ia mai iā S. ʻO Banhiov "Ka mālama ʻana i kaʻuala potato", i puka liʻiliʻi mai i ʻelua wale nō mahina i hala.
Hōʻuluʻulu ka puke a kālailai i ka ʻike honua hou e pili ana i nā kikoʻī a me nā hoʻokumu kumumanaʻo, nā ʻenehana mālama holomua a me ka hoʻohiki ʻana no nā ʻuala hua. ʻO nā kūlana a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano ʻenehana a me nā ʻano o ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka palekana kiʻekiʻe o nā huahana i hōʻoia ʻia. Hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā pilikia mālama. Ua kālailai ʻia ka hoʻokele waiwai kūpono a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka hoʻopukapuka i nā ʻenehana mālama wā lōʻihi holomua.
Maikaʻi ka puke i kēlā me kēia e hoihoi i ke kumuhana o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i kaʻuala. E like me kā ka mea kākau i kākau ai: "ʻO ka ʻike ʻoihana o nā poʻo a me nā loea o nā ʻoihana ulu-ʻuala o nā nuances o ka mālama ʻana a me ka hoʻohana piha ʻana i nā hiki o nā hana ʻenehana hou e hoʻonui i ka maikaʻi o nā uala hua a me ka pae o ka hua uala."
ʻO ka leo o ka puke 292 ʻaoʻao.
Nā mea:
1. Nā hiʻohiʻona Physico-biological a me nā kaʻina hana i ka wā e mālama ai i kaʻuala uala (pp. 6-69): ka waiwai o ka maikaʻi o nā uala hua, kaʻuala ma ke ʻano he waihona, nā kumumanaʻo no ka mālama ʻana i kaʻuala, ka makahiki physiological o ka hua.
2. Nā hale hana ʻenehana no nā ʻuala hua (pp. 70-171): hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā mea kanu no ka mālama ʻana, nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokomo ea ʻeleu, ke anu ʻenehana, hoʻomehana a me ka hoʻomehana ʻana o ka ea, ka mālama ʻana i ka germination a me ka germination, nā hana ʻenehana mua.
3. Ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i kaʻuala uala (pp. 172-281): nā pilikia a me ka mālama ʻana i nā pilikia mālama, nā maʻi a me nā hōʻino ʻana i nā tubers i ka wā e mālama ai, mālama i ka maʻemaʻe, pae ʻenehana o ka mālama, nā waihona waiwai mālama.
ʻAʻole pono e hoʻohana ʻia kahi hou ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i kaʻuala. ʻO nā paipu potato, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hanu ʻana a me ka mahu pololei i ka hoʻomaha, e hana i kahi kokoke i ka lewa o ka lewa i ka manawa waena - 92-93%. Eia kekahi, hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēia mau mea hōʻike i ka mānoanoa o ka pākaha maoli 7-10 mau minuke ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka ea hana, a hoʻololi iki wale ʻia ma lalo o ka mana o ke anuanu o ka lewa o ka lumi waiho (ma ka hohonu o 0,4-0,5 m i kahi mahana like me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pākaua). No laila, hiki iā mākou ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka hoʻoponopono pilikino ʻana o ke aupuni hoʻomehana i ka mālama ʻana i kaʻuala.
No laila, ke hana nei i nā ʻōnaehana ea ʻeleu, pono e noʻonoʻo i kēia waiwai a ʻaʻole e hoʻopilikia i nā huahana mea kanu hanu e hōʻike i ko lākou kūlohelohe kūlohelohe, ʻoiai e hōʻoia ana i ka pale mai nā hopena kūwaho a me ka mālama ʻana i kahi hoʻomehana wela kani ʻenehana. ʻO ka holo mau ʻana me ka ea maloʻo, ʻoiaʻiʻo, e alakaʻi i ka nalowale wai i makemake ʻole ʻia mai nā tubers a me ka nalo ʻana o turgor (kapu ekahi). I loko o ka wā mālama holoʻokoʻa, koe wale nō ka wā maloʻo, pono e hoʻokō ʻia ka ea ʻana e like me ka mea e pono ai, kaupalena ʻia.
1 Pūnaewele. Ka nalowale o ka wai e nā kūpala ʻuala me nā helu ea ʻokoʻa a me nā wai ʻokoʻa o ka ea i hoʻohana ʻia
90% ka ea o ka lewa | 75% ka ea o ka lewa | |
35 | 0.047 | 0.097 |
70 | 0.093 | 0.192 |
105 | 0.138 | 0.286 |
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka manawa mālama, ke pono ʻole e hemo i nā māno nui mai nā paipu, ʻeono mahina (mai Nowemapa a ʻApelila). ʻO 4320 kēia mau hola. No nā hana āpau, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka manawa maʻa mau ma mua o 200 mau hola. ʻOiai inā ua pāpālua ʻia kēia kiʻi, ʻike ʻia he 90% o ka manawa e hoʻomaha ai ka huahana mālama, ʻo ia hoʻi aia i nā kūlana o ka momona maikaʻi a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi i hana ʻia e kaʻuala ponoʻī. No laila, ʻoiai ke hoʻohana nei i ka ea maloʻo no ka ea, hoʻonui ka paona kaumaha ma ka palena o 1%.. ʻO ka mea nui ke alakaʻi i nā kau ea no kahi manawa pōkole.
Hoʻomaopopo pū ʻia ka ʻoluʻolu o ka lewa ma luna o 80% maikaʻi loa a ʻaʻole ia e alakaʻi i ka make wai o nā tubers me ka manawa pōkole. ʻO ka lewa o ka lewa i ka wā mālama o kaʻuala ma nā wahi he nui o ka Lūkia Hui Pū ʻIa ʻaʻole koʻikoʻi - 75-88% (kapu 2) a hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka ʻenemi o ka ea i nā wahi e waiho ai ma Kelemania Waena.
pākaukau 2 . Ka awelika o ka ea e pili ana i ka mahina,%
Māhele | |||||||||
Kepakemaka | Okakopa | ʻO Nowemapa | Dekemaba | Ianuali | Februari | Oka Poakola | ʻ ʻApelila | hiki paha | |
ʻĀina ʻo Kaliningrad | 82 | 85 | 87 | 87 | 85 | 84 | 80 | 75 | 72 |
ʻĀina ʻo Leningrad. | 81 | 84 | 87 | 88 | 86 | 84 | 78 | 72 | 65 |
Kōkila smolensk | 83 | 86 | 89 | 89 | 86 | 84 | 82 | 77 | 71 |
ʻĀpana kikowaena | 80 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 84 | 81 | 77 | 69 | 66 |
ʻO ka ʻāina ʻo Bryansk | 77 | 83 | 88 | 88 | 86 | 84 | 82 | 73 | 66 |
ʻĀina ʻo Lipetsk | 71 | 80 | 86 | 87 | 84 | 83 | 82 | 72 | 60 |
ʻĀpana ʻo Sverdlovsk. | 76 | 78 | 80 | 80 | 78 | 75 | 74 | 67 | 58 |
Ke kikowaena o Kelemania. | 79 | 82 | 85 | 86 | 85 | 85 | 79 | 76 | 73 |
No ke aha kēia hoʻohālikelike? ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ka poʻe loea Kelemania i ke kahua o ka mālama ʻana i kaʻuala e noʻonoʻo pono ʻole i ka hoʻohana hou ʻana i ka hou i ka mālama ʻana i ka papa ʻaina a, ʻo nā ʻuala hua. A ʻaʻole lākou e kūkākūkā i ke kumuhana o ka hydration. Aia ia ma ke kumu o nā kumuwaiwai kūmole i loaʻa e ʻae ai i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lewa ma waho me kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe kūpono no ka ea. I ka pō, piʻi ka wela o ka ea pili i ka puna a me ke kauwela e 20% hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ke ao, i ka hoʻoilo, i nā mahana haʻahaʻa - e 10% (kapu ekahi).
3 Pūnaewele. ʻO ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ea pili i ka lā i ka wā mālama o kaʻuala,% (i ka hapa waena o Kelemania)
Sep. | ʻOkakopa | Akā ʻo wau | Dek | Ian. | Pepeluali | March | Apr. | |
1 | 89 | 89 | 87 | 88 | 87 | 88 | 85 | 85 |
3 | 90 | 89 | 88 | 88 | 87 | 88 | 86 | 86 |
5 | 91 | 90 | 88 | 88 | 87 | 88 | 87 | 88 |
7 | 89 | 90 | 88 | 88 | 87 | 88 | 87 | 87 |
9 | 79 | 84 | 86 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 82 | 77 |
11 | 69 | 74 | 81 | 84 | 83 | 82 | 74 | 69 |
13 | 64 | 69 | 77 | 81 | 80 | 77 | 69 | 64 |
15 | 63 | 69 | 79 | 82 | 80 | 77 | 68 | 62 |
17 | 67 | 75 | 84 | 85 | 83 | 81 | 71 | 64 |
19 | 78 | 83 | 85 | 87 | 86 | 85 | 77 | 71 |
21 | 85 | 86 | 86 | 87 | 86 | 86 | 82 | 79 |
23 | 87 | 88 | 87 | 88 | 86 | 87 | 84 | 83 |
ʻO ka likelika o ka lewa wela loa no ka ea ma Kelemania ma luna o 30%. ke ʻano kikoʻī kikoʻī o ka manawa manawa o ka lā me ka ʻūlū ea 91-100% (ʻaoʻao. 4)
4 papa. Loaʻa paha o ka manawa me ka hoʻohuʻu pili,% (i ke kikowaena o Kelemania)
Hulu pili pili,% | Māhina | |||||||
Sep. | ʻOkakopa | Akā ʻo wau | Dek | Ian. | Pepeluali | Mar | Apr. | |
A hiki i ka 50 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 12 |
51-60 | 10 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 10 |
61-70 | 13 | 11 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 13 | 13 |
71-80 | 16 | 16 | 19 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 15 |
81-90 | 22 | 26 | 33 | 36 | 35 | 32 | 25 | 21 |
91-100 | 33 | 37 | 37 | 40 | 38 | 38 | 30 | 29 |
ʻAʻohe ʻike pololei e pili ana i nā ʻāpana o ka Lūkia Hui Pū ʻIa i ka kāʻei lehulehu, akā ʻo nā papa no ka helu moʻohelu o nā lā kahi i ʻoi aku ai ka nui o ka momona ma mua o 80%. Ma ke kahakai ʻo Kaliningrad mokuna i ka wā mālama, aia kēia mau helu i ka pae o 10-22, ma ka ʻāina ʻo Sverdlovsk Continental ʻoi loa - 4-18 mau lā i kēlā me kēia mahina (ʻoi aku i ka hoʻoilo, emi ma ʻApelila-Mei). A he awelika kēia o kēlā me kēia lā, maopopo ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ke ao a me ka pō e pili ana i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa pili. ʻO ke kumu ia me ka kaohi pololei o ka hana o ka CAB, lawa pono nā kumuwaiwai o ka ea maoli kūlohelohe no ka ʻea ʻana i nā wahi mālama uala.
Inā, ma lalo o ka mana o ka hoʻolaha ʻana mai nā mea hoʻolako lako a i ka wā e loiloi ana i kēia mau hōʻailona, aia nō ka makemake e kau i nā mea hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻuala, a laila hiki iā mākou ke paipai iā ʻoe e hoʻopaʻa pono i nā kūlana no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā maʻi mālama a hoʻohālikelike i nā pilikia o ka nalo ʻana o hoʻokahi pākēneka o ke kaupaona a me ka lilo ʻana o ke ʻano o ka hua.
ʻO ka pae o ka lewa o ka lewa i ka hale kūʻai ʻaʻole e hoʻonāukiuki i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka condensation ma ka ʻaoʻao o loko o nā pā a ma ka ʻili o ka huahana. Pono ke ea humidified i kahi mahana ma lalo o ke ana wela o ke kaʻe ma mua o ke komo ʻana i loko, no laila ʻaʻohe condensement. ʻO ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā wahi mālama me nā mea ʻūlū ma Rūsia e alakaʻi i nā hopena kānalua, no ka mea i ka hoʻoilo he nui ka mahana o ka ea ma aneʻi ma ʻEulopa Komohana. ʻO kahi laʻana, ka awelika o Ianuali mahana ma Kelemānia ʻo -1,2о C, a ma ka moku ʻo Sverdlovsk -16,2оС. Ma ke kiʻina pili kiʻekiʻe a me nā mahana haʻahaʻa, ka hale e waiho ai, ka ea i ka mālama a i ʻole ka huahana ponoʻī pinepine ma lalo o ke kiko o ka hau, e hopena ai i ka condensement. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pohō condensation ma mua a kūlike i ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi. No laila, ʻo ka kaohi o ka palena kiʻekiʻe o ka lewa o ka lewa me ka wai, kahi o ka hau, ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ka mahana i ka nui o nā huahana a puni iā ia i waena o nā mea nui i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pono mālama. He mea nui ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka humidification i ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻuala loea i nā mahana wela, akā i nā hihia āpau e ʻae wale ʻia ia i nā wahi i hoʻopaʻa maikaʻi ʻia me ka hiki ke kaohi i ka mahana ma waena o kahi pae kūpono ma lalo o 0,5 ° C. He kūpono ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai i ka mālama ʻana i kaʻuala a me ka nui o nā pākaukau pākaukau me ka makaʻu o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā maʻi.